基于迁移学习的SAR目标超分辨重建

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)目标超分辨重建问题,提出了一种基于迁移学习的超分辨方法。在光学图像梯度域中联合训练超完备字典与稀疏编码映射,利用半耦合字典联系SAR图像与光学图像,寻找SAR图像在半耦合字典下的稀疏编码,并在高分辨率字典下完成重建。结合SAR图像的先验信息,使用正则化方法对SAR目标进行特征增强。所提方法在TerraSAR-X数据和MSTAR数据上进行了仿真实验,重建结果表明,相比目前的插值方法和稀疏表示方法,所提方法空间分辨率可提高0.5~1.5个像素。正则化增强结果表明,引入稀疏先验的正则化增强能够进一步提高空间分辨率并抑制杂波比,最后分析了正则化参数的选取对图像质量的影响。     

Method for denoising and reconstructing radar HRRP using modified sparse auto-encoder

A high resolution range profile (HRRP) is a summation vector of the sub-echoes of the target scattering points acquired by a wide-band radar. Generally, HRRPs obtained in a non-cooperative complex electromagnetic environment are contaminated by strong noise. Effective pre-processing of the HRRP data can greatly improve the accuracy of target recognition. In this paper, a denoising and reconstruction method for HRRP is proposed based on a Modified Sparse Auto-Encoder, which is a representative non-linear model. To better reconstruct the HRRP, a sparse constraint is added to the proposed model and the sparse coefficient is calculated based on the intrinsic dimension of HRRP. The denoising of the HRRP is performed by adding random noise to the input HRRP data during the training process and fine-tuning the weight matrix through singular-value decomposition. The results of simulations showed that the proposed method can both reconstruct the signal with fidelity and suppress noise effectively, significantly outperforming other methods, especially in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio conditions.     

一种孔径和频率二维稀疏的步进频SAR成像方法

 步进频率信号(SFWs)在不增加雷达系统瞬时带宽的情况下能够获得高的距离向分辨率的同时,也存在着抗干扰能力较差及其等效重复频率较低的问题,并且在方位向积累时间内由于雷达载机工作状态的变化,会导致方位向的数据录取不完整。针对上述问题,提出一种孔径和频率二维稀疏的步进频合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像方法。首先,分析了稀疏步进频率信号(SSFWs)的SAR成像模型,然后基于压缩感知理论完成距离向成像处理。其次,针对稀疏孔径的回波数据,通过构造成像算子和压缩感知重建模型的方法实现其距离徙动校正和方位压缩处理,进而获得二维成像结果。相比于传统的步进频率信号SAR成像,利用所提方法能够在少量的频率资源和雷达回波数据情况下实现准确的SAR成像。最后,通过对仿真和实测的步进频率雷达数据进行成像处理,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于稀疏表示的多雷达信号二维融合处理

多雷达信号融合通过对多视角和多频带雷达信号进行相干融合,可以提高图像的距离和方位向分辨率.为了克服基于谱估计的多雷达信号融合方法稳健性严重依赖于散射点个数估计精度和二维极点配对精度的问题,在深入研究逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)信号的基础上,构造了多雷达信号二维融合的线性表示模型,将融合处理转化为一个信号表示问题;充分挖掘...     

基于稀疏分解的空间目标双基地ISAR自聚焦算法

空间目标双基地逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像中,双基地角时变会造成二维图像的散焦。针对此问题,在三大同步理想可实现的条件下,以平稳空间目标为研究对象,分析了空间目标双基地ISAR成像原理,研究了双基地角时变对二维图像散焦的影响机理,提出了利用稀疏分解实现高精度自聚焦的算法。首先,将半双基地角的余弦进行泰勒展开;其次,结合目标的平动及转动条件,将成像相位项用多项式建模;然后,利用稀疏分解算法估计多项式的二次项系数,据此构建补偿项完成相位补偿。算法利用L-曲线准则选取正则参数,基于目标尺寸的先验信息构建冗余基的高分辨因子,利用推广的正则化欠定系统聚焦求解（FOCUSS）算法实现稀疏表示系数的估计,在恰当选取词典分辨率的条件下,算法可实现二次相位项的精确补偿,仿真实验验证了算法性能优于常用的非参数化自聚焦算法。     

一种基于高分辨率距离像自动目标识别新方法

提出了一种基于高分辨率距离像的联合对准与识别新方法。该方法结合功率变换的使用，在利用8米雷达目标实测数据进行的识别实验中，获得了较高的正确识别率。     

非完备先验知识下的滑动轴承摩擦状态识别

针对监测系统通常无法全部获取轴承摩擦退化状态的先验知识,无法建立全摩擦状态的识别模型,从状态间的相似性出发,提出一种无先验知识下的基于灰色B型绝对关联度（AGRDB）和稀疏编码的滑动轴承状态识别方法。针对稀疏表示不具有监督性的缺陷,在稀疏编码的目标函数中引入AGRDB算法,训练类间距离最大、类内距离最小的正常润滑和严重摩擦的编码;在相同字典下建立具有一致判别性的稀疏表示模型,通过比较当前状态与正常润滑、严重摩擦的稀疏编码与重构误差,进一步识别当前轴承的状态,仿真信号和柴油机轴承实验的结果表明:所提方法能够在较少先验知识下识别出滑动轴承的早期摩擦状态（100~216min）和严重摩擦状态（216~384min）,且算法简单,适合较少样本下的滑动轴承摩擦故障在线监测。      

Radar target classification of commercial aircraft

With the increased availability of coherent wideband radars there has been a renewed interest in radar target recognition. A large bandwidth gives high resolution in range which means target discrimination may be possible. Coherence makes cross-range resolution and radar images possible. Some of the problems of classifying high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) are examined and simple preprocessing techniques which may aid subsequent target classification are investigated. These techniques are applied to HRRP data acquired at a local airport using the Microwave Radar Division (MRD) mobile radar facility It is found that Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 aircraft can be reliably distinguished over a range of aspect angles. This augers well for future target classification studies using HRRPs     

Wavelet preprocessing for high range resolution radarclassification

We develop a wavelet denoising scheme to aid an automatic target recognition (ATR) system in recognizing aircraft from high range resolution radar (HRR) signatures. A template matching classification technique is used with templates formed from synthetically generated signatures. The goal of the classification system is to achieve classification accuracy equivalent to that obtained with measured HRR signatures. Results suggest that a large portion of HRR signature content is nondiscriminatory. The wavelet denoising process removes the nondiscriminatory information, thereby leading to remarkable increases in classification accuracy. Results are shown for HRR signatures from six aircraft     

基于遗传算法的一种高分辨率雷达目标识别方法

目标识别是防空信息处理中的一个重要环节,而对空中目标类型的识别还没有成熟的理论。通过对高分辨雷达回波信号的分析,在遗传算法的基础上,提出了一种高分辨雷达目标识别方法,由此进行目标识别。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有高的识别率和强的抗干扰能力。     

Detection and range/Doppler estimation for colocated sensors

The problem of multisensor detection and high resolution signal state estimation using joint maximum a posteriori detection and high order nonlinear filtering techniques is addressed. The model-based fusion approach offers the potential for increased target resolution in range/Doppler/azimuth space. The approach employs joint detection/estimation filters (JDEF) for target detection and localization. The JDEF approach segments the aggregate nonlinear model over the entire target resolution space into a number of localized nonlinear models by partitioning the resolution space into a number of resolution subcells. This partitioning leads to extremely accurate state estimation. The proposed JDEF approach has a built-in capability for automatic data alignment from multiple sensors, and can be used for centralized, decentralized, and distributed data fusion.     

SAR ATR performance using a conditionally Gaussian model

A family of conditionally Gaussian signal models for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is presented, extending a related class of models developed for high resolution radar range profiles. This signal model is robust with respect to the variations of the complex-valued radar signals due to the coherent combination of returns from scatterers as those scatterers move through relative distances on the order of a wavelength of the transmitted signal (target speckle). The target type and the relative orientations of the sensor, target, and ground plane parameterize the conditionally Gaussian model. Based upon this model, algorithms to jointly estimate both the target type and pose are developed. Performance results for both target pose estimation and target recognition are presented for publicly released data from the MSTAR program     

基于稀疏表示和近似(e)0范数约束的宽带信号DOA估计

针对宽带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计问题,在稀疏框架下提出一种近似(e)0范数约束的宽带信号DOA估计新算法.首先对宽带信号进行预处理,得到同一参考频率点下的接收数据,然后对其协方差矩阵元素进行加和平均运算,得到一个低维的观测向量,并在稀疏框架下进行稀疏表示,最后利用截断(e)1函数设定权值,构造逼近(e)0范数约束的稀疏重构方法,进而重构信号,获得宽带信号的DOA估计.仿真结果表明,相比于传统的宽带信号DOA估计算法,所提算法具有更高的分辨率和估计精度.     

基于压缩感知的频率和DOA联合估计算法

波达方向（DOA）估计是阵列信号处理的一个重要问题,针对信号的DOA估计问题,本文基于压缩感知理论,提出了一种新的频率和角度联合估计算法。首先利用方向波数的空间稀疏性,建立过完备稀疏字典,然后利用压缩采样阵列结构通过求解最优化问题得到方向波数的高分辨估计,最后利用最优空域滤波实现信号到达角度和频率的配对。相对于传统算法,该算法能够实现多信号DOA的高分辨估计,且经过压缩采样后降低了运算量,仿真验证了该算法的正确性与有效性。     

三维模型在SAR图像自动目标识别中的应用

提高高分辨率SAR图像在复杂战场环境中的目标识别能力,对防御未来战争中来自地面目标的威胁具有重要意义。针对地面特定目标的大小、方位、旋转等变化以及强杂波背景给目标识别带来的严重影响,提出将目标的三维模型投影到二维平面,采用余弦傅里叶矩和瑞利分布的CFAR检测方法分别对其矩特征和峰值特征进行提取,利用级联组合分类器对目标识别进行建模分析,并通过试验验证该方法的有效性。结果表明:该方法实现了在特征维数高和姿态变化下的目标识别,而且无需额外增加对制导控制系统的开销。     

基于脉组间频率步进的合成超宽带距离像及速度分析

 对脉组间频率步进信号进行信号处理可直接获得合成超宽带(UWB)距离像及目标速度信息,但由于多普勒色散引入的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)输出失配误差和距离多普勒耦合,导致距离像的失真。介绍消除多普勒色散的影响的方法,分析且补偿距离多普勒耦合对距离像的影响,进一步讨论由测速误差产生的补偿量化误差对距离像的影响,并推导由此导致的距离走动公式。提出的迭代二分逼近法使速度分辨提高 N 倍( N 为脉组个数),从而得到目标真实高分辨距离像。仿真实验结果表明多普勒色散得到消除且 N 的选取更加灵活。     

一种导弹目标宽带雷达相位测距的新方法

微动是反导系统中识别真假弹头的重要依据之一,然而传统的通过距离像包络提取微动的方法分辨率较低,无法反映章动等幅度较小的运动,针对这个问题,提出了一种利用宽带雷达距离像相位分析导弹目标微动的新方法.该方法通过共轭相乘、时频域滤波及解模糊等步骤,从散射点的相位序列中提取散射点之间的距离微小变化,从而作为分析目标微动状况的依据.通过Feko软件仿真数据对提出的方法进行了验证,实验结果表明,相比于传统的通过距离像包络分析微动的方法,新方法对于微动导致的散射点距离变化的分辨能力提高了4倍以上,能够清晰地反映出目标的章动现象;并且,时频域滤波与解模糊的处理方法也能进一步提高该方法的鲁棒性,有效降低噪声和脉冲重复频率低导致的解模糊出错的概率.     

海面舰船目标雷达距离高分辨特性测量

雷达距离高分辨特性,即目标的一维高分辨距离像特性,能够体现目标的形状及结构信息,且易获取,有利于对目标进行准确识别,这已成为目前雷达目标识别领域的一个重要研究方向。开展目标一维高分辨特性研究的一个重要基础是测量,因而通过测量目标的一维高分辨距离像并分析目标特性,对目标识别具有重大理论意义与实际应用价值。基于此,文章利用实验室现有全相参新体制雷达导引头目标测量平台,对海面舰船目标的距离高分辨特性进行了初步实测,获取了海面舰船的米级高分辨距离像,为今后深入开展海面舰船目标识别研究奠定了坚实基础。     

Separation of target rigid body and micro-doppler effects in ISAR imaging

Micro-Doppler (m-D) effect is caused by moving parts of the radar target. It can cover rigid parts of a target and degrade the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image. Separation of the patterns caused by stationary parts of the target from those caused by moving (rotating or vibrating) parts is the topic of this paper. Two techniques for separation of the rigid part from the rotating parts have been proposed. The first technique is based on time-frequency (TF) representation with sliding window and order statistics techniques. The first step in this technique is recognition of rigid parts in the range/cross-range plane. In the second step, reviewed TF representation and order statistics setup are employed to obtain signals caused by moving parts. The second technique can be applied in the case of very emphatic m-D effect. In the first step the rotating parts are recognized, based on the inverse Radon transform (RT). After masking these patterns, a radar image with the rigid body reflection can be obtained. The proposed methods are illustrated by examples     

Computer Simulation of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images of Three-Dimensional Objects

A digital simulation of coherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of three-dimensional objects is described. The simulation is intended to produce representative SAR images that would be suitable for image analysis and pattern recognition studies. The procedure involves a modeling of the object using a combination of three-dimensional quadratic shapes yielding a smooth surface representation. The radar images of these models are then computed using physical optics scattering theory. Finite resolution both in range and cross-range direction is incorporated via a theoretical analysis which results in a simple Fourier transform representation of an equivalent "offset" window filter. Examples of the computer simulation for both infinite resolution and blurred or finite resolution are given for a KC-135 aircraft model.