浅议财务报表表外信息的披露

本通过对报表表外信息揭示的内容，原因及存在的问题的阐述，提出了解决表外信息揭示质量问题的对策。     

Tearing instability of reconnecting current sheets in space plasmas

Magnetic reconnection provides an efficient conversion of the so-called free magnetic energy to kinetic and thermal energies of cosmic plasmas, hard electromagnetic radiation, and accelerated particles. This phenomenon was found in laboratory and space, but it is especially well studied in the solar atmosphere where it manifests itself as flares and flare-like events. We review the works devoted to the tearing instability — the inalienable part of the reconnection process — in current sheets which have, inside of them, a transverse (perpendicular to the sheet plain) component of the magnetic field and a longitudinal (parallel to the electric current) component of the field. Such non-neutral current sheets are well known as the energy sources for flare-like processes in the solar corona. In particular, quasi-steady high-temperature turbulent current sheets are the energy sources during the main or hot phase of solar flares. These sheets are stabilized with respect to the collisionless tearing instability by a small transverse component of magnetic fiel, normally existing in the reconnecting and reconnected magnetic fluxes. The collision tearing mode plays, however, an important and perhaps dominant role for non-neutral current sheets in solar flares. In the MHD approximation, the theory shows that the tearing instability can be completely stabilized by the transverse fieldB _n if its value satisfies the conditionB _n /BS ^–3/4 B is the reconnecting component of the magnetic field just near the current sheet,S is the magnetic Reynolds number for the sheet. In this case, stable current sheets become sources of temporal spatial oscillations and usual MHD waves. The application of the theory to the solar atmosphere shows that the effect of the transverse field explains high stability of high-temperature turbulent current sheets in the solar corona. The stable current sheets can be sources of radiation in the radio band. If the sheet is destabilized (atB _n /BS ^–3/4) the compressibility of plasma leads to the arizing of the tearing instability in a long wave region, in which for an incompressible plasma the instability is absent. When a longitudinal magnetic field exists in the current sheet, the compressibility-induces instability can be dumped by the longitudinal field. These effects are significant in destabilization of reconnecting current sheets in solar flares: in particular, the instability with respect to disturbances comparable with the width of the sheet is determined by the effect of compressibility.     

Manifestation of magnetic reconnection in coronal streamer current sheets

We investigate the possibility of observing the effects of magnetic reconnection inside a current sheet forming in a coronal streamer in the extended corona. In particular we study the possibility to observe with the UVCS of SOHO the excitation of the tearing instability in the current sheet.     

时滞依赖状态的脉冲中立型发展微分包含

目的主要考虑一类时滞依赖状态的脉冲中立型发展微分包含;方法在公理化定义的相空间上,利用Ba-nach空间中发展系统理论结合相应的不动点定理;结果时滞依赖状态的中立型泛函微分至少有一个温和解;结论建立此类问题温和解的存在性。     

Trends in the Neutral and Ionized Upper Atmosphere

This article reviews our knowledge of long-term changes and trends in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. These changes are part of complex and comprehensive pattern of long-term trends in the Earth’s atmosphere. They also have practical impact. For example, decreasing thermospheric density causes the lifetime of orbiting space debris to increase, which is becoming a significant threat to important satellite technologies. Since the first paper on upper atmosphere trends was published in 1989, our knowledge has progressed considerably. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases affect the whole atmosphere, not only the troposphere. They cause warming in the troposphere but cooling in the upper atmosphere. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are not the only driver of long-term changes and trends in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Anthropogenic changes of stratospheric ozone, long-term changes of geomagnetic and solar activity, and other drivers play a role as well, although greenhouse gases appear to be the main driver of long-term trends. This makes the pattern of trends more complex and variable. A?consistent, although incomplete, scenario of trends in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere is presented. Trends in F2-region ionosphere parameters, in mesosphere-lower thermosphere dynamics, and in noctilucent or polar mesospheric clouds, are discussed in more detail. Advances in observational and theoretical analysis have explained some previous discrepancies in this global trend scenario. An important role in trend investigations is played by model simulations, which facilitate understanding of the mechanisms behind the observed trends.     

Neutral points on the boundary of the closed magnetosphere

Theoretical studies of a field-free plasma incident upon a magnetic dipole lead to a closed magnetosphere with two neutral points in the noon magnetic meridian, at a latitude of ± 70°–75° and a geocentric distance of approximately 10 R_E. The position of the neutral points with respect to the dipole axis is not greatly affected by the angle of incidence of the solar wind. Although the field magnitude near the neutral points is only a fraction of the dipole field, the direction is seen to reverse on opposite sides of the neutral point. Near the boundary the field direction is parallel to the boundary and tends to point towards the neutral point in the Northern hemisphere.     

TA2M钛板扩孔成形中的形状畸变现象研究

通过有限元数值模拟和工艺试验相结合的方法对板料厚度为0.96mm的TA2M钛板的扩孔成形过程及结果进行了研究.运用PAM-STAMP有限元数值模拟分析软件对成型过程及卸载回弹结果进行预测.发现TA2M在成型卸载回弹后存在明显的形状畸变现象:孔口非圆化,孔口边缘厚度非均匀减薄以及凸缘非圆化.模拟预测结果与工艺试验结果比较吻合.     

Deconvolution of Energetic Neutral Atom Images of the Earth's Magnetosphere

A method for deconvolving equatorial pitch angle distributions of energetic neutral atoms from images from the ENA instruments on the IMAGE satellite is described and illustrated using simulated data obtained from calculated models of ring current flux. The unknown flux is expanded in terms of cubic B-splines and Legendre polynomials. The expansion coefficients are obtained from the solution of a linear set of equations that select the smoothest solution that fits the data. In this way, all the information that is contained in the data is extracted but no more.     

Rosina – Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N₂ and ¹³C from ¹²CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion sources.     

Exospheres and Energetic Neutral Atoms of Mars, Venus and Titan

Our understanding of the upper atmosphere of unmagnetized bodies such as Mars, Venus and Titan has improved significantly in this decade. Recent observations by in situ and remote sensing instruments on board Mars Express, Venus Express and Cassini have revealed characteristics of the neutral upper atmospheres (exospheres) and of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). The ENA environment in the vicinity of the bodies is by itself a significant study field, but ENAs are also used as a diagnostic tool for the exosphere and the interaction with the upstream plasmas. Synergy between theoretical and modeling work has also improved considerably. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of our understanding of the neutral environment in the vicinity of unmagnetized planets.     

中性浮力和失重环境人体运动仿真比较研究

为了模拟失重状态,航天技术发达的国家都建立了用于航天员出舱活动训练的中性浮力水槽。但与太空失重环境相比,水中存在的水动阻力会导致两种环境下人体运动反馈的差异性。基于ADAMS多体动力学仿真软件,按照“飞天”舱外航天服的质量分布,建立了着舱外服人体动力学模型。利用此模型仿真比较了水下和失重环境中肘关节屈伸、肩内收外展、肩矢状面内运动时人体躯干的动力学反馈,发现水下环境中模型躯干的转动速度峰值和平均值均较大。研究结果已应用于神舟七号载人飞行任务出舱活动航天员训练,建立的航天员人体动力学模型可应用于我国未来空间站任务出舱活动仿真分析。     

Neutral Atmospheres of the Giant Planets: An Overview of Composition Measurements

Measurements of the chemical composition of the giant planets provide clues of their formation and evolution processes. According to the currently accepted nucleation model, giant planets formed from the initial accretion of an icy core and the capture of the protosolar gas, mosly composed of hydrogen and helium. In the case of Jupiter and Saturn (the gaseous giants), this gaseous component dominates the composition of the planet, while for Uranus and Neptune (the icy giants) it is only a small fraction of the total mass. The measurement of elemental and isotopic ratios in the giant planets provides key diagnostics of this model, as it implies an enrichment in heavy elements (as well as deuterium) with respect to the cosmic composition. Neutral atmospheric constituents in the giant planets have three possible sources: (1) internal (fromthe bulk composition of the planet), (2) photochemical (fromthe photolysis ofmethane) and(3) external (from meteoritic impacts, of local or interplanetary origin). This paper reviews our present knowledge about the atmospheric composition in the giant planets, and their elemental and istopic composition. Measurements concerning key parameters, like C/H, D/H or rare gases in Jupiter, are analysed in detail. The conclusion addresses open questions and observations to be performed in the future.     

ANN技术在复合材料胶接修理分析中的应用

基于改进的BP人工神经网络(ANN)建立了复合材料胶接修理分析模型,结合采用复合材料胶接修理的正交试验及有限元分析的结果为训练和检测神经网络提供样本,有效地利用了神经网络、试验设计技术与有限元分析的优点。胶接修理实例分析结果表明,所建神经网络模型对胶接参数与修理效果之间关系的预测与试验结果一致,说明将人工神经网络应用于复合材料胶接修理参数分析是一种行之有效的方法。     

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer High Energy (IBEX-Hi) Neutral Atom Imager

The IBEX-Hi Neutral Atom Imager of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission is designed to measure energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) originating from the interaction region between the heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM). These ENAs are plasma ions that have been heated in the interaction region and neutralized by charge exchange with the cold neutral atoms of the LISM that freely flow through the interaction region. IBEX-Hi is a single pixel ENA imager that covers the ENA spectral range from 0.38 to 6 keV and shares significant energy overlap and overall design philosophy with the IBEX-Lo sensor. Because of the anticipated low flux of these ENAs at 1 AU, the sensor has a large geometric factor and incorporates numerous techniques to minimize noise and backgrounds. The IBEX-Hi sensor has a field-of-view (FOV) of 6.5°×6.5° FWHM, and a 6.5°×360° swath of the sky is imaged over each spacecraft spin. IBEX-Hi utilizes an ultrathin carbon foil to ionize ENAs in order to measure their energy by subsequent electrostatic analysis. A multiple coincidence detection scheme using channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors enables reliable detection of ENAs in the presence of substantial noise. During normal operation, the sensor steps through six energy steps every 12 spacecraft spins. Over a single IBEX orbit of about 8 days, a single 6.5°×360° swath of the sky is viewed, and re-pointing of the spin axis toward the Sun near perigee of each IBEX orbit moves the ecliptic longitude by about 8° every orbit such that a full sky map is acquired every six months. These global maps, covering the spectral range of IBEX-Hi and coupled to the IBEX-Lo maps at lower and overlapping energies, will answer fundamental questions about the structure and dynamics of the interaction region between the heliosphere and the LISM.     

波音757右IDG电源输出中线接地点故障分析

以实际维修工作中遇到的波音757右整体驱动发电机（IDG）电源输出中线接地点故障为例．对该故障的现象、特点和难点进行分析和判断,找到了故障的原因,并提出了排故方案和维修建议。     

一类中立型高维周期微分系统的周期解

文中利用指数型二分法,结合不动点定理考虑如下形式的中立型高维周期系统: 苦d/dt[x(t)+cx1]=A(t,x(t))x(t)+f(t,x1),得到其T-周期解存在的充分性条件,所得结论改进或推广了早先文献中周期解存在的相应结论。     

Comet Halley's Gas Composition and Extended Sources: Results from the Neutral Mass Spectrometer on Giotto

The Neutral Mass Spectrometer on the Giotto spacecraft established that H₂O is the dominant species in Comet Halley's volatiles and determined the abundance of more than 10 parent species. The instrument discovered strong extended H₂CO and CO sources in the coma of Comet Halley. Polymerized H₂CO associated with the cometary dust and evaporating slowly as the monomer is most likely the extended H₂CO source. Photodissociation of the H₂CO into CO fully accounts for the extended CO source. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

盐雾环境中高强铝合金点腐蚀行为与暴露面积的关系

针对中性盐雾环境中2A12和7B04铝合金在不同暴露面积(模拟铝合金表面涂层或者膜层破坏暴露的部分)的点腐蚀特征开展研究,测量观察不同情况下铝合金的点腐蚀坑开口面积、腐蚀深度和点腐蚀坑数量等腐蚀参数。研究表明,在中性盐雾环境中,当暴露面积小于25mm2时,2A12和7B04铝合金的点腐蚀坑最大开口面积随暴露面积的增大而增大;当暴露面积小于4mm2时,2A12铝合金的最大腐蚀深度随着暴露面积的增大而增大,而7B04铝合金的最大腐蚀深度在暴露面积小于100mm2时随着暴露面积的增大而增大。对腐蚀产物进行成分分析可知2A12铝合金的腐蚀产物主要由O,Al,Mg,Cu组成,而7B04铝合金的腐蚀产物主要由O,Al,Mg,Zn组成,腐蚀产物组成不同造成其结构不同,结构的差别使铝合金的点腐蚀行为受到不同的影响。