基于Radau伪谱法的无人作战飞机四维轨迹规划

针对无人作战飞机(UCAV)打击时敏目标和多机协同攻击问题,提出一种基于Radau伪谱法(RPM)的无人作战飞机四维攻击轨迹规划方法。在综合考虑UCAV气动力特性、大气环境特性基础上建立了高精度UCAV(3-DOF)质点模型,并设计了约束条件和目标函数;基于动态RCS建立威胁模型,构建了最优控制理论框架的UCAV四维攻击轨迹规划模型;通过RPM将动态RCS威胁下的四维攻击轨迹规划问题转换为非线性优化问题,然后利用SNOPT软件包进行求解。仿真结果表明,该方法能够以较快的速度和较高的精度生成满足多种复杂约束条件的四维攻击轨迹。     

农林飞机超低空飞行大气紊流影响研究

在建立农林飞机超低空飞行时的大气紊流模型基础上,结合频域和时域两种计算方法研究了各种不同紊流强度下的大气紊流对农林飞机超低空飞行的影响,同时采用加速度综合评分的方法对其影响进行定量评估,最后给出了大气紊流对农林飞机超低空飞行影响的规律,对工程应用有一定的参考价值。     

基于高斯伪谱法的飞机下降段轨迹优化

以大型运输机为研究对象,进行风干扰下的飞机下降段轨迹优化.通过对飞机下降过程的分析,建立了飞机的运动学模型、油耗模型和大气模型,得出了问题的目标函数和约束.运用高斯伪谱法把最优控制问题转化为非线性规划问题,并用序列二次规划求解非线性规划问题.仿真计算得到飞机最短下降时间的最优轨迹,讨论了不同的成本指数对下降时间和燃油消耗的影响.仿真结果表明,成本指数越大,飞机下降时间越短,燃油消耗越多.     

基于环境影响的飞机进场性能参数优化

为了在满足空中交通管理具体运行的限制下降低民航飞机进场过程中发动机排放对环境造成的影响,研究了飞行参数优化问题。首先根据进场飞行轨迹特点构建了飞机进场模型;然后综合考虑油耗、发动机排放对环境的影响以及飞行过程实现的便捷性构建了优化目标;最后基于多目标遗传算法建立了优化求解模型。以空客A321飞机为例分析了速度变化对优化目标的影响,并进行了优化仿真试验。仿真结果表明,飞行参数优化结果主要受空管运行的最大约束时间限制,所提优化方法能够有效降低进场过程对环境的影响。     

不确定飞行环境下的滑翔制导炮弹方案弹道优化

滑翔制导炮弹因体积和成本所限存在控制能力有限的问题,有必要对其方案弹道加以合理的设计,为此提出一种不确定飞行环境下的弹道优化方法以降低方案弹道对各类随机干扰的敏感度。建立了模型偏差、滑翔启控点参数偏差、气动参数偏差及气象偏差等不确定性因素的数学模型,推导出计及随机干扰的滑翔弹动力学系统雅可比矩阵的解析表达式,利用线性协方差分析法,得到了系统误差传播方程,进而建立了不确定飞行环境下的弹道优化模型。利用Chebyshev伪谱法将弹道优化问题转换为非线性规划问题,在此基础上采用内点算法(Ipopt)获得了方案弹道的最优解。仿真结果表明,与不考虑不确定因素的设计方法相比,采用本文方法设计出的方案弹道,纵向和侧向位移散布方差明显减小,显示出对随机干扰更好的抑制效果。     

用于飞行仿真的空间大气紊流场生成与应用研究(英文)

研究了三维空间大气紊流场生成及其在大型飞机实时飞行仿真中的应用。分析了针对大型飞机飞行仿真的扰动风场的建模需求。通过在频域空间直接进行蒙特卡罗法随机抽样,经三维傅里叶逆变换获得空间大气紊流场。采用Von Karman模型,更加准确地描述大气紊流场特征。运用傅立叶变换的复共轭对称特性,保证最终生成实的紊流场。通过无因次化方法解决了变尺度和变强度的紊流场生成问题。针对生成的空间紊流场设计了紊流梯度的计算方法。针对飞机连续穿越紊流场的问题,提出基于空间对称扩展的紊流场扩展方法。经时域相关性检验证明,基于该方法生成的紊流场与传统时域方法相比,具有较好的空间互相关特性。最后针对Boeing747飞机,给出了一个在空间紊流场中的飞行仿真实例。与传统质点化模型的仿真结果相比,基于空间紊流场和四点模型的算法更能表现出飞机穿越紊流场飞行的随机特性。     

多威胁障碍下翼伞系统的最优轨迹规划

针对翼伞系统在多威胁障碍环境下的最优轨迹规划问题,提出了一种结合改进RRT~*算法和高斯伪谱法的混合策略方法。根据翼伞运动模型特点,改进了原始RRT~*算法的距离度量和节点扩展方式,采用目标偏向的采样策略加快算法找寻初始轨迹的速度;根据翼伞系统的四自由度运动模型建立以控制量为目标函数的最优控制问题,利用高斯伪谱法将最优控制的轨迹规划问题转换为带约束的非线性规划问题,再将初始轨迹作为该非线性规划问题的初始解以减少迭代次数、加快收敛速度。仿真结果表明,所提方法在多威胁障碍环境下可以规划出满足要求的最优轨迹,且比原高斯伪谱法节约了大量运行时间。     

基于HP-RPM的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化

针对含有航路点、禁飞区约束的再入突防轨迹优化问题,提出了基于HP自适应Radau伪谱法(HP-RPM)的分段轨迹优化策略,给出了在含有热流密度、过载、动压、航路点和禁飞区等约束条件下的再入轨迹优化模型;利用HP-RPM对含有再入的最优控制问题进行离散化,将其转为非线性规划问题,并根据航路点所在的位置,对再入轨迹进行分段,以再入滑翔飞行的时间最短为仿真目标函数进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,此方法可以生成一条满足多种约束条件的高精度优化轨迹,并且用时较短。     

基于成本指数的民机四维航迹预测优化算法

近年来,四维轨迹预测与优化功能成为了飞行管理系统(Flight Management System,简称FMS)技术的研究热点。航迹预测结果的准确性直接关系着飞机的参数指标,同时也关系着飞机运行的经济性,甚至决定飞机的安全性。从飞机运行的成本角度出发,根据运行成本建立飞机运行的代价函数模型,分别对巡航阶段的速度和高度建模,将代价函数作为优化对象对四维航迹预测结果进行优化,总结出一套最经济巡航速度以及最经济巡航高度的计算方法,为民用飞机四维航迹预测的优化提供了切实可行的理论参考。     

越肩发射前战斗机攻击轨迹研究

越肩发射(OTS)可以增大导弹的截获区.战斗机攻击尾后目标时,为了达到导弹的最佳发射点,提出了一种基于勒让德伪谱法(LPM)攻击轨迹规划方法,实时规划战斗机的攻击轨迹,及时调整飞机状态.首先通过数据链获取目标的运动参数;分析了采用越肩发射方式的攻击轨迹规划问题,建立了攻击轨迹规划最优控制模型;引入勒让德伪谱法将控制模型离散为非线性模型;最后利用snopt工具箱进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,该方法可以为战斗机规划一条既能准确发射导弹又满足机动性要求的攻击轨迹.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.