基于交通状态的离场航班动态协同排序方法

为适应协同决策(CDM)需要，考虑空管、航司和机场三方的诉求，对拥挤和非拥挤场景下的离场航班动态协同排序问题进行了系统研究。通过分析离场航班运行特性，利用离场航班的计划撤轮档时间(SOBT)和预计撤轮档时间(EOBT)数据设计了一种离场航班动态排序方法；针对各方构建了离场航班排序的多个优化目标，且为保证排序公平性，提出了航空公司延误公平性评价指标，将非受控离场航班优先级分为3类，对各类非受控离场航班设置其可接受的最大延误时间和最大位置偏移量，创建了基于交通状态的离场航班协同排序模型；采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)寻求离场航班动态协同排序的最优解。仿真结果表明:较先到先服务(FCFS)方法，所提方法在2种场景下各排序时段均增加多种排序方案，离场航班总延误均减少50%以上，且在非拥挤场景下提高了航空公司延误公平性。所提方法可对离场航班进行优化排序，显著减少航班延误，有效提升公平性，契合协同决策理念，可实现三方协同排序。      

非晶态(Fe_(0.5)Ni_(0.5))_(80-x)Cr_xP_(14)B_6合金的内禀磁性和热稳定性的研究

对Cr含量变化对非晶态(Fe_(0.5)Ni_(0.5))_(80-x)Cr_xP_(14)B_6(x=0,1,2,3,4,6,10)合金薄带样品的内禀磁性和热稳定性进行了研究。对所得的随着Cr含量增加,样品的磁性原子的平均磁矩(?)和居里温度T_c的减少,热稳定性的提高等结果进行了讨论。当Cr含量x=4at％时,样品表现出一些特殊性质;而当x>4at％和<4at％时,样品的磁性和热稳定性的变化不尽相同。     

含磷聚酰亚胺的合成与抗原子氧性能

利用自行合成的含磷芳香族二胺单体--二(3-氨基苯基)苯基氧化磷(DAPPO),制备了一系列含磷聚酰亚胺薄膜.在原子氧地面模拟设备中对该薄膜进行了原子氧暴露实验,并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对原子氧暴露前后薄膜表面的聚集态结构和化学结构演化进行了分析.结果表明,原子氧暴露后,引入含磷二胺单体的聚酰亚胺薄膜表面形成了富磷保护层,剥蚀率减小,抗原子氧性能明显提高, 磷质量分数为5.47%的聚酰亚胺薄膜在原子氧作用20h的总剥蚀率分别降低为Kapton^和Upliex-R型聚酰亚胺的13%和20%.     

颤振分析中的模态跟踪技术

颤振求解是一种研究参数(如空速)变化的特征值问题.在颤振模态判别和防颤振设计中,需要正确确定各阶模态对应的特征值随参数变化时的前后对应关系,避免出现模态交叉.针对颤振求解p-k法,发展了一种基于特征值摄动理论的模态跟踪技术——预测跟踪法,它利用特征值及左、右特征向量信息求解下一空速点的特征值估计量,以估计量为参考对特征值进行排序,将预测跟踪法和相似排序法、正交检验法进行了对比.数值结果表明:预测跟踪法比相似排序法和正交检验法具有更好的模态跟踪效果.     

基于RVE模型的空间天线结构热稳定性优化设计与热变形分析

空间环境温度变化会使空间天线支撑结构产生热变形,影响其使用性能,因此进行天线热稳定性设计及热变形分析具有重要的意义.基于代表性体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)方法对空间天线结构进行热稳定性设计与热变形分析.通过建立纤维随机分布并含有材料孔隙的RVE,得到纤维热膨胀系数.对M40/TDE85单向复合材料的热膨胀性能进行实验测试,计算结果与测试结果吻合良好,验证了RVE模型的正确性与准确性.建立了复合材料圆管参数化模型,根据计算得到的热膨胀系数及优化算法,对天线支撑结构进行热稳定性优化设计,并对优化后的天线结构进行热致变形分析,结果表明优化后的结构具有很高的热稳定性.      

智能交通系统中车辆调度问题的遗传算法研究

在智能交通系统(ITS, Intellignet Transportation Systems)的各个子系统中,先进的公共交通系统(APTS, Advanced Public Transportation System)具有重要地位和作用,其中车辆调度问题是APTS的关键.为了提高车辆调度的智能化,提出了一种基于遗传算法(GA, Genetic Algorithm)的公交车辆智能调度方法,采用最小费用作为目标函数,考虑了车辆配置、时间、运营效率及资源利用等方面因素,通过选择、交叉及变异等遗传操作,得到了最优的调度排序方案,并对2种交叉方式进行了比较,仿真结果表明,利用GA解决车辆调度问题具有可行性、先进性和快速性.      

形式验证中ROBDD变量排序算法的研究

不良的ROBDD变量排序会引发状态空间爆炸的危机,从而影响形式验证方法的推广和使用。通过对CUDD数据包中ROBDD遗传变量排序算法的研究,利用变异操作和保留最优个体的时代繁殖操作对原算法进行了改进。实验数据表明,改进后的算法在可以容忍的运行时间内减少了ROBDD的节点数目,在一定程度上缓解了形式验证中状态空间爆炸的危机。     

解JobShop问题的一种组合模拟算法

针对成批车间的作业排序(Job Shop Scheduling )问题设计了一种模拟退火与Tabu Search相组合的算法.首先用模拟退火算法求得一个初始解,再利用Tabu Search进行进一步的寻优.通过大量的算例分析表明,该算法具有良好的寻优特性与运算效率.     

时钟偏差辅助的GPS完整性监测算法

对伪距残差最小二乘的接收机自主完整性监测(RAIM)算法进行了分析.在此基础上,通过对接收机时钟偏差的建模,将模型预测的时钟偏差引入伪距残差最小二乘的RAIM算法中,保证了在可见星仅为4颗的情况下,仍能利用χ2检验法对全球定位系统(GPS)进行完整性监测,从而达到提高完整性监测算法有效性的目的.计算机仿真的结果显示,这种辅助方式不仅计算简单,而且有效可行.      

火卫二地形地貌探测综述

火卫二(Deimos)是火星自然卫星之一,研究人员利用火星探测器对其地形地貌开展了大量研究.首先对火卫二的基本参数及起源假说进行了介绍,进而全面梳理了与火卫二相关的航天探测活动,重点对地形地貌探测活动进行了详细介绍,并对围绕火卫二地形地貌的研究成果进行了归纳分析,结果表明火卫二表面分布有撞击坑、风化层、明亮的反射物质及...     

Infrared spectroscopy of organics of planetological interest at low temperatures.

In the context of prebiotic chemistry in space, some of the outer planetary objects display H, C, N and O rich chemistry similar to the one in the biosphere of Earth. Of particular interest are Saturn's moon, Titan; Neptune's moon, Triton; and Pluto where extreme cold conditions prevail. Identifications of chemical species on these objects (surfaces and atmospheres) is essential to a better understanding of the radiation induced chemical reactions occurring thereon. There have been several ground based observations of these planetary objects in the infrared windows from 1 to 2.5 micrometers. Voyager also provided spectra in the thermal infrared (6 to 50 micrometers) region. Interpretation of these data require laboratory infrared spectra of relevant species under the temperature conditions appropriate to these objects. The results of some of these studies carried out in our laboratory and elsewhere and their impact on the analyses of the observed data will be summarized.     

基于双响应波段工作的红外热像仪测温原理与误差分析

为了提高红外热像仪测温的准确性,根据红外辐射理论,从红外热像仪的测温原理出发,分析了基于双响应工作波段的热像仪的测温原理,得出了目标物体的发射率、物体温度计算公式以及相应误差的估算公式,分析了各影响因素对热像仪测量准确度的影响,提供了一种目标物体发射率的测定方法,对利用红外热像仪准确测量内燃机等热能机械表面温度具有重要的意义。     

Modeling urban heat islands in heterogeneous land surface and its correlation with impervious surface area by using night-time ASTER satellite data in highly urbanizing city,Delhi-India

The present study is an assessment and identification of urban heat island (UHI) in the environment of one of the fastest urbanizing city of India, Delhi Metropolis, employing satellite image of ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ in the thermal infrared region 3–14 μm. Temporal (2001 and 2005) ASTER datasets were used to analyze the spatial structure of the thermal urban environment subsequently urban heat island (UHI) in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use/land cover (LULC). The study involves derivation of parameters governing the surface heat fluxes, constructing statistics of ASTER thermal infrared images along with validation through intensive in situ measurements. The average images reveal spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) of night-time and distinct microclimatic patterns. Central Business District (CBD) of Delhi, (Connaught Place, a high density built up area), and commercial/industrial areas display heat islands condition with a temperature greater than 4 °C compared to the suburbs. The small increase in surface temperature at city level is mainly attributed to cumulative impact of human activities, changes in LULC pattern and vegetation density. In this study the methodology takes into account spatially-relative surface temperatures and impervious surface fraction value to measure surface UHI intensity between the urban land cover and rural surroundings. Both the spatial and temporal variation in surface temperature associated with impervious surface area (ISA) has been evaluated to assess the effect of urbanization on the local climate.     

低温环境下红外辐射标定技术研究

低温环境下红外场景生成装置的标定是对低温红外目标特征评估和精准探测的前提。通过标定过程中热辐射-光子-电子转换测量的传递途径,建立基于红外热像仪灰度的低温标定模型,用最小二乘法进行拟合,得到模型中的辐射出射度响应函数和系统固有偏置。搭建了低温标定实验装置,根据热像仪对低温辐射源不同辐射出射度的测量结果,得到标定方程。分析了理论值和实际测量值的误差,在低温黑体辐射出射度9.79W/m2处,热像仪的辐射出射度误差最大,为-0.17W/m2,此时的灰度误差为-9.91DN。     

Multi-channel improvements to satellite-derived global sea surface temperatures

High-quality multispectral measurements from satellites, and the recent development of multiple-window techniques to correct infrared brightness temperatures for atmospheric attenuation, have enabled marked improvements in global mapping of sea surface temperatures. The 4-km resolution data are in two visual bands and three atmospheric windows in the thermal infrared from the advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA's operational polar satellites. Various threshold and/or spatial homogeniety tests are applied to small data arrays to discriminate nominally cloud-free samples for subsequent processing. Tests of the multi-channel equations against independent buoy data gave bias = 0.42C and scatter = 0.62C. Global statistical comparisons with ships indicate significant improvements in accuracy and coverage over previous satellite-derived surface temperatures.     

热红外视频监控下行人目标前景区域提取

在热红外视频监控环境下,针对热红外图像因周围环境温度变化而导致热红外图像灰度值反转的问题,提出了一种通过热红外图像的边界特征和运动特征的融合来提取行人目标前景区域的方法。首先,利用行人目标和周围环境存在的显著性差异来提取行人目标的边界特征,对所提取的边界特征进行边界填充,并利用热红外行人目标分类器来排除误检目标,从而获取最终的边界特征提取结果;其次,利用相邻帧之间的运动信息来获取行人目标的运动特征,对所获取的运动特征进行形态学处理,并利用热红外行人目标分类器来排除误检目标,从而获取最终的运动特征提取结果;最后,对所获取的边界特征提取结果和运动特征提取结果进行融合来获得最终的检测结果。实验证明,在公开的OSU和LSI热红外图像行人目标检测数据集中,所提方法能够有效地降低环境温度变化的不利影响,并提高行人目标前景区域提取的精度。      

PCB红外热像辐射率校准的非线性滤波方法

在印制电路板(PCB)的红外辐射诊断中,为了获得PCB表面温度的真实分布,须对PCB红外热像进行辐射率校准.将PCB表面温度的测量波形看作真实温度分布与辐射率分布的混合波形,提出一种非线性滤波方法,利用二者连续性的差异将其区分开来.讨论了作为该方法关键步骤的红外热像突变点检测的小波变换实现问题.实验结果表明该方法能够准确地估计PCB表面温度的真实分布波形.该方法还可以用于PCB红外热像的热源辨识以及对未知材料的辐射率估计中.     

发动机燃气喷流红外辐射场的数值模拟

在高温流动中热辐射与流场是耦合的,但在发动机燃气喷流流场的温度范围内可以在流场计算中忽略热辐射的影响,于是流场与辐射场的模型方程可解耦.为此提出了模拟飞行器绕流流场红外辐射的解耦模型以及相应的算法.该算法首先采用总变差减小TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)格式对流场进行模拟,再引入有限体积概念,应用所取得的流场参数,在同一组网格上计算流场中的红外辐射特征.以轴对称喷管内N₂,O₂,CO₂,H₂O,CO,HCl,H₂等7组分高度欠膨胀冻结流与均匀绕流干扰流场为算例进行了验证性的模拟计算,并与已有试验和计算数据进行了对比,表明该算法是可靠的,可在较大幅度地降低计算量的情况下给出满足工程需要的结果.     

Functional, regulatory and indicator features of microorganisms in man-made ecosystems.

Functional, regulatory and indicator features of microorganisms in development and functioning of the systems and sustaining stability of three man-made ecosystem types has been studied. 1) The functional (metabolic) feature was studied in aquatic ecosystems of biological treatment of sewage waters for the reducer component. 2) The regulatory feature of bacteria for plants (producer component) was studied in simple terrestrial systems "wheat plants-rhizospheric microorganisms-artificial soil" where the behavior of the system varied with activity of the microbial component. For example with atmospheric carbon dioxide content elevated microbes promote intensification of photosynthesis processes, without binding the carbon in the plant biomass. 3) The indicator feature for the humans (consumer component) was studied in Life Support Systems (LSS). High sensitivity of human microflora to system conditions allowed its use as an indicator of the state of both system components and the entire ecosystem. Grant numbers: N99-04-96017, N15.     

Organic solids produced from simple C/H/O/N ices by charged particles: applications to the outer solar system.

CH4, CO, and CO2 are all potential one-carbon molecular repositories in primitive icy objects. These molecules are all found in the Comet Halley coma, and are probable but, (except for CH4 detected on Triton and Pluto) undetected subsurface constituents in icy outer solar system objects. We have investigated the effects of charged particle irradiation by cold plasma discharge upon surfaces of H2O:CH4 clathrate having a 200:1 ratio, as well as upon ices composed of H2O plus C2H6 or C2H2 (sometimes plus NH3) which are also plausible constituents. These materials color and darken noticeably after a dose 10(9) - 10(10) erg cm-2, which is deposited rapidly (< or = 10(4) yr.) in solar system environments. The chromophore is a yellowish to tan organic material (a tholin) which we have studied by UV-VIS reflection and transmission, and IR transmission spectroscopy. Its yield, -1 C keV-1, implies substantial production of organic solids by the action of cosmic rays and radionuclides in cometary crusts and interiors, as well as rapid production in satellite surfaces. This material shows alkane bands which Chyba and Sagan have shown to well match the Halley infrared emission spectrum near 3.4 microns, and also bands due to aldehyde, alcohol and perhaps alkene/aromatic functional groups. We compare the IR spectral properties of these tholins with the spectra of others produced by irradiation of gases and ices containing simple hydrocarbons.