Ku波段星载四馈源赋形波束天线样机研制

首先介绍了Ｋｕ波段星载四馈源赋形波束天线设计的基本依据和基本限制；重点讨论了电设计方案和关键部件的设计方法；通过比较理论设计和实现结果，证明了研制的Ｋｕ波段星载四馈源赋形波束天线实验样机是成功的；最后提出了型号研制的工作设想。     

空间扫描

英国微型卫星ＰｏＳＡＴ－１发回高质量地球遥感图像　由地球成像系统公司收到的该卫星的１００多幅图片，显示出了气象云图和道路桥梁等细节。ＰｏＳＡＴ－１卫星是在１９９３年９月２９日搭载在阿里安火箭上发射的，卫星仅重５０公斤，制造和发射费用不到１２０万英磅。英国ＳＳＥ技术公司引进Ｋｕ波段卫星收发两用机　这种ＡＳＡＴ－１２１４／ＡＢ型收发两用机能快速选择ＫＵ波段卫星，在全Ｋｕ波段１０．９５～１２．７５ＧＨｚ频段内搜索。该收发机由３个部件组成：一个上下行转换器，一个电源，一个宽波段ＬＮＡ。美国德尔它－　（Ｄ…     

广播卫星接收机PCM数字伴音解码器的研制

论文详细研究了日本１２ＧＨｚ频段广播卫星（ＢＳ）电视中所采用的ＰＣＭ数字伴音,并结合目前中国收听收看日本直播卫星电视的特点,研制出了一种小型的ＰＣＭ数字伴音解码器。该解码器和Ｃ波段卫星接收机配合,可以替代进口的日本Ｋｕ波段卫星接收机,具有较大的经济效益．该解码器经卫星地球站检测中心测试表明：它解调出的Ａ、Ｂ两种模式数字伴音清晰、悦耳,其解调音质和进口的Ｋｕ频段卫星接收机的音质相当。     

欧洲将大力发展Ku波段转发器

１９９３年１２月６～１２日《空间新闻》透露，欧洲通信委员会最近提出，在未来５年中，将使西欧卫星上的Ｋｕ波段转发器增长４０％。目前，约有３７颗卫星为西欧提供通信业务。现使用的欧洲通信卫星－２，每颗星上有１６台Ｋｕ波段转发器，１９９４年初，将发射第５颗欧洲通信卫星－２。欧洲将大力发展Ku波段转发器@希舜     

空间活动大事记(1995年1月)

４日由于一根反应控制系统的燃料管路出现渗漏，日本宇宙开发事业团将推迟原定于２月１日发射第３枚Ｈ－２型运载火箭的计划。８日最后，泰国Ｓｈｉｎａｗａｔｒａ卫星公司把制造泰国通信卫星－３的合同给予了法国宇航公司，合同额为２亿美元。该卫星有１２台Ｋｕ波段转发器和２４台Ｃ波段转发器。中国在１９９４年１１月３０日用长征３号Ａ运载火箭成功地将东方红３号通信卫星送入预定轨道之后，卫星经过三次变轨，进入了准同步轨道。由于星上姿控推力器泄漏，燃料耗尽，致使卫星无法定点投入使用。星上其它各系统经过测试和试验均正常。目…     

VSAT卫星通信链路的计算

ＶＳＡＴ卫星通信以其直接服务到用户和一系列其他特点,受到专用用户的欢迎,发展极为迅速。针对ＶＳＡＴ卫星通信的特点,提出了一种链路的计算方法;对影响链路特性的各种参数作了分析;并举例对Ｋｕ波段ＶＳＡＴ卫星通信链路作了计算。     

Ka频段卫星通信链路雨衰对策

利用电波雨衰模型对Ka频段卫星通信链路雨衰影响进行了分析,得出上行链路采用水平极化、下行链路采用垂直极化方式,可有效降低链路降雨衰减影响,上下行链路相互干扰最小的结论。提出的上行链路实时动态补偿,下行链路固定补偿的雨衰补偿方法,简化了卫星控制。给出的利用下行链路雨衰信息,设置阈值和注入信号的上行链路雨衰补偿流程,补偿精度高,解决了非降雨因素链路电平变化带来的雨衰误补偿问题。     

Bi_(1.9)Pb_(0.3)Sr_(2.0)Ca_(1.7)Mg_(0.3)Cu_(3.1)O_x 超导块材弱连接区的低磁场性

通过对在不同外磁场下Ｂｉ１．９Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２．０Ｃａ１．７Ｍｇ０．３Ｃｕ３．１Ｏｘ超导块材的交流磁化率的测量，获得了样品内晶粒间和晶粒内对外场的不问响应范围．通过与粉状样品实验结果的比较和Ｘ光分析，认为块状样品在温度为１００Ｋ左右出现的抗磁台阶是样品内晶粒间超导弱连接的一种抗磁效应．对弱连接区有效钉扎力Ｆｐ和临界电流密度Ｊｃ与外场Ｈ的关系进行了讨论．     

大容量高功率的巨型卫星—美国和欧洲展开市场竞争

大容量高功率的巨型卫星——美国和欧洲展开市场竞争通信广播卫星发展的下一步将是研制可装载１００台左右转发器（Ｃ波段、Ｋｕ波段）的巨型卫星平台，每台转发器的功率为５０Ｗ～１００Ｗ。下个世纪的新一代通信广播卫星发射重量为４ｔ～５ｔ，可提供功率为５０Ｗ～１０...     

Ka波段用于高速数据通信的前景

美国空间系统／洛拉尔公司和洛克希德导弹与航天公司都在独自作计划，以便和早已名声大噪的Ｓｐａｃｅｗａｙ系统和Ｔｅｌｅｄｅｓｉｃ系统计划在探索Ｋａ波段用于大容量、宽频带卫星业务方面展开竞争。洛拉尔和洛克希德两家公司的经理告诉《空间新闻》的记者，卫星通信的未来取决于交互式高数据率通信。根据分析，一旦美国联邦通信委员会（ＦＣＣ）开放Ｋａ波段的正式应用（很可能在１９９５年），那么，Ｋａ波段可能成为ＦＣＣ陆上急剧发展的波段。Ｋａ波段之所以被认为是新的理想应用波段，是因为它的高频特性，接收时只需要小型碟形天…     

Attenuation prediction for fade mitigation using neural network with in situ learning algorithm

Increasing demand of bandwidth in communication satellites has forced satellite links to be designed in Ku bands and above. But at these frequencies, rain and other tropospheric elements result in large attenuation. To mitigate the tropospheric attenuation of microwave satellite signals above 10 GHz using any standard Fade Mitigation Technique (FMT), it is essential to have a priori knowledge about the level of attenuation. Hence, short-term rain attenuation prediction models play a key role in maintaining the link in which necessary compensation can be applied depending on the early information of attenuation. This paper presents a method of attenuation prediction using Adaptive Artificial Neural Network. Here In situ Learning Algorithm (ILA) has been used to enable the system to track the non-stationary nature of the attenuation. To validate this, Ku Band data, collected at three different sites in India have been used for the purpose of prediction. The performance of the algorithm is determined through the estimation of prediction accuracy by comparing the predicted values with the measured data. Results obtained using the mentioned technique shows considerably good accuracy even up to 20 s of prediction interval with acceptable ratio between the under and over predictions. The prediction performance is evaluated for different prediction intervals. Furthermore the present model is also compared with the persistence model and the relative performance is quantified.     

Development of one-minute rain-rate and rain-attenuation contour maps for satellite propagation system planning in a subtropical country: South Africa

Millimeter and microwave system design at higher frequencies require as input a 1-min rain-rate cumulative distribution function for estimating the level of degradation that can be encountered at such frequency bands. Owing to the lack of 1-min rain-rate data in South Africa and the availability of 5-min and hourly rainfall data, we have used rain-rate conversion models and the refined Moupfouma model to convert the available data into 1-min rain-rate statistics. The attenuation caused by these rain rates was predicted using the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations model. The Kriging interpolation method was used to draw contour maps over different percentages of time for spatial interpolation of rain-rate values into a regular grid in order to obtain a highly consistent and predictable inter-gauge rain-rate variation over South Africa. The present results will be useful for system designers of modern broadband wireless access (BWA) and high-density cell-based Ku/Ka, Q/V band satellite systems, over the desired area of coverage in order to determine the appropriate effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and receiver characteristics of this region.     

Analysis of rain attenuation prediction models at Ku-band in Thailand

The performance of the existing rain attenuation models in tropical zones is still a debated issue due to the lack of measurements reported from these areas of the world to develop and validate prediction models. A three-year (2003–2005) campaign of rainfall rate and rain attenuation measurements was conducted on a satellite beacon link located in a tropical region of Thailand. The cumulative distributions of rain attenuation derived from the measured data are presented and compared with those obtained with existing prediction models.     

Second order experimental statistics of rain attenuation at Ka band in a tropical location

Some second order rain attenuation statistics such as fade duration and fade slope are investigated on the basis of experimental measurements of received signals using the GSAT-14 satellite beacon signal at 20.2 GHz for three years (2014–2016) over the tropical location Ahmedabad (23.02 ⁰E, 72.51⁰N), India with an Elevation angle of 63⁰. Existing models of fade duration are compared with experimental data in this study and exponent of power law model of fade duration at Ka band is further explored. A new model for fade duration for Ka band for tropical locations is proposed where the constant of exponent of attenuation in the power law is found to be 0.143 instead of 0.055 used in ITU-R. Other relevant parameters for implementation of fade mitigation technique to prevent the link outage like cumulative distribution of signal fade rate, maximum and minimum fade rise and fade fall are also studied. Fade slope asymmetry over tropical region is also investigated. Keeping in view of exploiting the commercial launch of Ka band in Indian region there is an urgent need for validation of the existing models of fade slope (specially looking into fade symmetry) and fade duration. It will help the SATCOM (Satellite Communication) link designer to improve closed loop fade mitigation technique to minimize the possible link failure/link outage over the tropical region.     

Cloud attenuation statistics from radiometric measurements over a tropical location Kolkata,India

The objective of this study is to investigate cloud attenuation at 30 GHz frequency using ground-based microwave radiometric observations at a tropical location, Kolkata. At higher frequencies and lower elevation angles, cloud attenuation is of major concern at a tropical location. The location experiences high value of liquid water path (LWP), which is responsible for cloud attenuation, during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and pre-monsoon season. Significant amount of cloud attenuation has been observed during monsoon season at 30 GHz. Two years observations of exceedance probability of cloud attenuation and worst month statistics are presented. The variation of cloud attenuation with frequencies for different elevation angles has also been investigated. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of cloud attenuation are examined. Cloud attenuation, inferred from radiometric measurements before rain commencement, has been compared to rain attenuation at Ku-band. Exceedance probabilities of cloud and rain attenuation have been compared.     

星—地路径雨致衰减特性及其对卫星系统设计的可能影响

本文综述了影响星—地路径雨致衰减的主要因素。并利用在北京获得的实测数据,对北京地区星—地雨致衰减的特点进行了分析。此外,还对卫星定点位置的选择和北京上行站选址提出了建议。     

我国Ku波段广播通信卫星赋形波束天线设计

讨论了我国Ku 波段广播通信卫星全国覆盖的赋形波束天线的设计问题。就我国目前的技术和工艺水平,提出了三种可行的方案;通过这三种方案,介绍了偏馈反射面天线的几何尺寸的选择,多波束天线的馈源位置排列及缋源幅相激励系数的优化步骤;最后绘制了三种方案的等值线覆盖图,分析和比较了它们各自的优缺点。     

澳大利亚东南部森林山火HJ卫星遥感监测

以2009年2月发生在澳大利亚东南部的森林山火为研究对象,利用HJ-1B遥感影像识别森林山火,分析HJ-1B在林火灾害事故中的监测能力,通过对HJ-1B IRS B07设计参数及数据特点进行分析,提出适用于HJ-1B卫星林火监测的归一化火点指数(Ku)算法.研究表明:Ku值大于0.40为潜在可能的火点像元,云耀斑和地表虚假高温点是影响林火监测的主要噪声.由于HJ-1B没有获取到研究区域未着火前的影像数据,利用MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)空间分辨率为250 m的通道1和通道2计算植被指数,其结果能较好的应用于HJ-1B林火监测算法中.通过对比分析HJ-1B林火监测结果和MODIS林火产品MOD14认为,HJ-1B能更好的监测出澳大利亚东南部森林火灾,反映出火灾的局部空间分布和细节特征.     

0 °C isotherm height for satellite communication in Malaysia

The 0 °C isotherm height is an important parameter for prediction of rain attenuation of microwave and millimeter wave for Earth-space communication. The variations of 0 °C isotherm heights for two monsoon seasons have been studied based on an analysis of radiosonde over three stations. The exceedence probability statistics of rain height are compared between the two seasons. The results on the 0 °C isotherm height can be utilized for the estimation of attenuation of microwave and millimeter wave due to rain over Earth-space paths. Attenuations of radio wave due to rain at frequencies above 10 GHz and above have also been estimated using the 0 °C isotherm height so derived.