返回散射电离图干扰噪声的消除方法

返回散射电离图干扰噪声的消除方法程晓梅,郭保华（中国电波传播研究所,新乡４５３００３）关键词返回散射探测,射频干扰,电离图在返回散射探测中,回波信号来自广延的地面散射［１］,遭受到很大的传播损耗,所以典型的返回散射回波信号要比其他探测方式的回波信号弱...     

计及电离层倾斜的P—D变换及其短波通信MUF的预报方法

本文提出了计及电离层倾斜的高频返回散射电离图的最小时延换算为大圆距离的计算方法，并讨论利用返回散射电离图进行最高可用频率预报。在Ｄ＞１０００ｋｍ条件下，Ｐ－Ｄ变换的最大误差在３．５％以内，实时预报结果与ＣＣＩＲ提供的频率预报的月平均值相差±１．５ＭＨＺ．     

高频返回散射电离图中的离散源回波的地面距离的确定

本文给出一个从高频返回散射电离图中确定离散散射源回波地面距离的方法.它是假定散射源的描迹是抛物线形式且切于最小时延线来计算固定散射源地面距离的.它仅仅基于单站得到的返回散射电离图的最小时延线和三组散射源回波描迹的时延和频率数据即可完成.实验检验的结果表明,本文方法计算结果的误差不大于3％.      

用斜探测电离图(P-f)作频率预报

本文分析了斜探测电离图(P-f)。在对测得的电离图判读的基础上给出了最高观测频率MOF的日变化曲线,它可看作为电离层准实时频率预报曲线。图中同时提供了几个重要的电离层预报参数,如MOF、LOF、MUF及E_s的影响等。文章最后把斜测电离图与同时测得的返回散射电离图(在同一张电离图上)结合起来,给出了最佳工作频率窗口,其结果可以作为(在固定线路上)修正长期预报的依据,因为长期预报是用垂测数据经换算得到的。      

高频返回信道的频率散布测量

本文介绍了用高频后向散射探测系统测量高频返回信道的频率散布的实验, 对高频返回信道的多普勒频移和多普勒频谱宽度的日变化进行讨论.文中比较了地物回波谱和应答回波谱证实了陆地对高频后向散射信道的多普勒频移贡献甚小, 而对谱宽度和谱的形状有影响.      

返回散射电离图的前沿提取方法

提出了返回散射电离图前沿提取的方法. 其中, 一层电离图前沿和两层电离图下面一层前沿是在消除干扰和噪声后的电离图上采用边缘识别方法进行提取的, 两层电离图上面一层前沿则是在仅经过干扰抑制的电离图上采用基于高斯型加权系数的能量梯度算法进行提取的. 本文提出的前沿提取方法准确率较高, 并且易于实现, 已在工程中得到应用.      

1984年4月份兰州地区电离层行波扰动的观测结果及初析

１９８４年４月份兰州地区电离层行波扰动的观测结果及初析张秀菊（中国电波传播研究所,新乡,４５３００３）关键词高频返回探测,多普勒频率,电离层行波扰动１９８４年４月我们利用高频返回探测系统在新乡一西北（反射点在兰州地区）电路上多次测到电离Ｆ层的行波扰动...     

基于卡尔曼滤波平滑多普勒值的单频周跳探测方法

针对高轨卫星搭载的GNSS单频接收机观测值精度低导致多普勒法难以准确探测周跳的问题，提出了基于卡尔曼滤波平滑多普勒值的单频周跳探测方法。首先使用卡尔曼滤波平滑多普勒观测值，以降低观测噪声的影响，然后联合使用平滑后的多普勒值和载波相位观测值按照传统多普勒法计算周跳探测量，并对其进行历元间差分，从而降低系统误差，提高周跳检出率。实验使用探月三期再入返回试验任务中月地转移段返回舱接收到的GNSS观测数据，结果证明提出的方法相比传统的多普勒法可以在低信噪比的环境下更准确地进行周跳探测，可为后续高轨卫星的GNSS搭载试验提供技术支撑。     

时延-角度特性研究

本文在球不对称局域准抛物电离层模型下,设计了一套射线追踪算法的计算机程序。研究了时延随角度变化特性。指出了最小时延的传统求解方法的适应范围,讨论了时延-角度特性曲线与返回散射电离图的关系及其能量分布特点。      

高频返回散射回波频谱测量

本文采用脉冲多普勒雷达技术, 测量了电离层高频返回散射回波的时延-功率-多普勒频率的三维频谱图.对典型的频谱图作了分析, 并由谱图推算了电离层等效反射面的垂直运动速度, 它与垂直探测资料推算的结果相符.      

Estimation of ground range on the sweep frequency backscatter leading edge

The high frequency management system with backscatter radar supplies the real time ionosphere channel conditions to high frequency users, which leads to the demand for the ground range between the radar location and the scatters on the distant ground. The ionosphere electron density profile is usually inversed to obtain the ground range. An inversion algorithm, with which the ground range on the leading edge of the backscatter ionograms can be obtained without electron density, is presented in this paper. The ray path geometry of the backscatter sounding and the change in the group path on the leading edge with operating frequency are used to derive the ground range. Synthesized backscatter ionogram and experimental backscatter ionograms are processed to validate the algorithm. The results indicate that the algorithm is usable for high frequency management system.     

A new inversion algorithm for HF sky-wave backscatter ionograms

HF sky-wave backscatter sounding system is capable of measuring the large-scale, two-dimensional (2-D) distributions of ionospheric electron density. The leading edge (LE) of a backscatter ionogram (BSI) is widely used for ionospheric inversion since it is hardly affected by any factors other than ionospheric electron density. Traditional BSI inversion methods have failed to distinguish LEs associated with different ionospheric layers, and simply utilize the minimum group path of each operating frequency, which generally corresponds to the LE associated with the F₂ layer. Consequently, while the inversion results can provide accurate profiles of the F region below the F₂ peak, the diagnostics may not be so effective for other ionospheric layers. In order to resolve this issue, we present a new BSI inversion method using LEs associated with different layers, which can further improve the accuracy of electron density distribution, especially the profile of the ionospheric layers below the F₂ region. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated by computing the mean and the standard deviation of the differences between inverted parameter values and true values obtained from both vertical and oblique incidence sounding. Test results clearly manifest that the method we have developed outputs more accurate electron density profiles due to improvements to acquire the profiles of the layers below the F₂ region. Our study can further improve the current BSI inversion methods on the reconstruction of 2-D electron density distribution in a vertical plane aligned with the direction of sounding.     

利用高频天波返回散射反演台风中心和风速

通过分析高频天波返回散射地（海）杂波频谱分布特性,构建三谱滤波器模型,实现多类型频谱中一阶海杂波峰值比的提取,结果与实测数据吻合较好.基于台风中心与区域一阶海杂波峰值比相关性分析,结合后向差分法,有效确定了台风中心,结果与气象部门发布数据趋势上基本一致,平均绝对误差约38km.使用修正经验模型法初步开展了台风中心最大风速和台风中心附近的风速反演,结果与气象部门发布数据分布基本一致.研究结果表明高频天波返回散射探测对大范围、远距离海态监测具有重要意义.      

Method of the HF wave absorption evaluation based on GIRO network data

High frequency (HF) communication is strongly dependent on the state of the ionosphere, which specifies the mode structure of the radio wave propagating in ionosphere. Another core factor defining the strength of the HF signal at the receiving site is the ionospheric absorption. Accurate modelling the effect of absorption is an essential part of many studies of the HF propagation in the ionosphere.This paper proposes a method for estimating the absorption. The method is based on analysis of vertical sounding ionograms. The main idea of the approach is to compare the main parameters retrieved from measured and simulated ionograms. The combination of Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO, http://giro.uml.edu) data and ionograms modelling allows for developing the empiric absorption model available at near real-time. The ionogram simulation taking into account absorption utilizes the NIM-RT (North Ionospheric Model and Ray Tracing) software. As a result, the proposed technique provides more reliable and accurate evaluation of minimum frequency at which echoes are observed in vertical incidence ionosonde soundings. The values of these frequencies should be used in the following simulation to optimize parameters in the empirical formulae for defining absorption HF wave in ionosphere.The ultimate objective of this work is the designing the method, which allows the simulating of HF radio channel accounting for regular absorption due to UV radiation of the Sun. Eventually it could be considered as some kind of the HF propagation forecasting.     

电离层中小尺度扰动的多频多普勒快速探测与分析

电离层反射回波的高频多普勒频移测量是研究电离层扰动的重要方法之一.利用基于单频信号相位变化率测量的实时探测方法,获取连续高精度多频多普勒频高图,以实现中小尺度电离层扰动的快速探测研究.该方法被应用于敏捷式高性能电离层无线电多频探测系统样机平台.经验证在该平台上获取的多普勒频移分辨率可达0.039Hz,频高图探测周期最短小于1min.基于这种快速探测方法和平台在武汉观测站进行了较长时间的观测和数据采集,获得高精度多普勒频移并反演出电子浓度等值面法向运动速度,得到电离层反射寻常波的多普勒频高图和垂直扰动速度等信息,进而推演出电离层扰动随时间和空间的实时变化特征.对这些时域信号进行频谱分析,初步结果显示这些扰动主要是由极区活动激发的中国中部地区冬季出现率较高的中尺度TID.此外,对三种常用的电离层扰动反演分析方法进行了对比研究,结果显示电离层扰动的变化趋势基本一致,说明观测数据和研究方法可靠稳定,为多频多点电离层扰动的传播特性观测研究提供了基础.