基于MAP估计和广义高斯分布的SAR图像边缘比率检测方法

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的低信噪比和乘性相干斑噪声给SAR图像的边缘检测带来了极大的困难.通过引入广义高斯(GG)分布作为局部均值功率的先验分布模型,给出了局部均值功率在最大后验概率(MAP)意义下的最优估计,进而提出一种新的SAR图像边缘比率检测算子.利用以梅林变换为基础的对数累积量(MoLC)方法估计GG分布的参数,在此基础上给出一种局部均值功率MAP估计和GG分布参数估计的联合迭代求解方法.利用SAR实测数据对本文提出的边缘检测算子进行仿真验证,并将其与平均比率(RoA)算子和指数加权均值比(ROEWA)算子进行了对比,结果表明该算子可以有效克服相干斑噪声的影响,边缘定位准确且虚假边缘明显减少.     

Optimum detection and location estimation of target lines in the range-time space of a search radar

The average likelihood ratio detector is derived as the optimum detector for detecting a target line with unknown normal parameters in the range-time data space of a search radar, which is corrupted by Gaussian noise. The receiver operation characteristics of this optimum detector is derived to evaluate its performance improvement in comparison with the Hough detector, which uses the return signal of several successive scans to achieve a non-coherent integration improvement and get a better performance than the conventional detector. This comparison, which is done through analytic derivations and also through simulation results, shows that the average likelihood ratio detector has a better performance for different SNR values. This result is justified by showing the disadvantages of the Hough method, which are eliminated by the optimum detector. To have an estimate for the location of the detected target line in the optimum detection method as the Hough method, which detects and localizes the target lines simultaneously, we present the maximum a posteriori probability estimator. The estimation performance of the two methods is then compared and it is shown that the maximum a posteriori probability estimator localizes the detected target lines with a better performance in comparison with the Hough method.     

基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站 SAR图像 CFAR检测

文章提出了 1种基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站 SAR图像 CFAR检测器 DTCS-TPCFAR,目的是提高在具有多个目标海上区域和石油泄漏区域等环境下对海上风电站的检测性能。DTCS-TPCFAR所提出的双边截断杂波的方法,能够同时消除高强度和低强度异常值的干扰,同时保留真实的杂波样本。通过使用最大似然估计计算双边截断后样本的均值和标准差,然后通过这 2个参数估计值计算出截断阈值,最后再结合指定的虚警率(Probability of False Alarm,PFA)来对测试单元(Test Cell,TC)进行判断,完成最终的目标检测。这也是首次将 CFAR检测器用于检测海上风电站。文章通过 Sentinel-1数据集来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,文章所提出的算法在相同指定虚警率下,具有更高的检测率(Detection Rate,DR)和更低的误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)。     

A Novel Speckle Filter for SAR Images Based on Informationtheoretic Heterogeneity Measurements

Most adaptive speckle filters are based on the local coefficient of variation, which serves to measure the heterogeneity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, the sensitivity of the measurements to speckle and noise of SAR images would greatly deteriorate the speckle reduction. This article, based upon the information theory, presents a novel parameter for the heterogeneity measurement as a general index to quantitate the SAR image heterogeneity. Further, as a new speckle reduction algorithm based on the aforesaid quantitative heterogeneity measurements, it puts forward a heterogeneity-based speckle reduction filter (HBSRF), which uses the information-theoretic heterogeneity measurements as a criterion to classify the SAR images as belonging to homogeneous or heterogeneous regions. Then the finite iteration procedure and edge detection algorithms are adopted to strike the best balance between speckle reduction and edge preservation. The results from the computer simulation have demonstrated that the proposed effective method is superior to the conventional speckle filters based on the local coefficient of variation both in textural preservation and speckle reduction.     

基于Gibbs-Markov随机场与连通聚类的SAR图像恢复

在传统的马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的图像建模方法基础上利用合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的固有特性对Gibbs-MRF模型进行改进复原SAR图像,并进一步提出用数字形态学中连通性理论进行图像分割。在SAR图像像素空间的邻域内,估计最大后验概率(MAP)时引用Gamma分布代替传统的瑞利分布恢复数据,同时利用像素强度值相关性的连通模型将目标较好地提取出来。充分利用了SAR图像的数字形态信息和像素强度之间的相关性,得到了更好的分割效果。仿真实验说明本文方法是有效的。     

Matching suitable feature construction for SAR images based on evolutionary synthesis strategy

In the paper,a set of algorithms to construct synthetic aperture radar（SAR）matching suitable features are frstly proposed based on the evolutionary synthesis strategy.During the process,on the one hand,the indexes of primary matching suitable features（PMSFs）are designed based on the characteristics of image texture,SAR imaging and SAR matching algorithm,which is a process involving expertise;on the other hand,by designing a synthesized operation expression tree based on PMSFs,a much more flexible expression form of synthesized features is built,which greatly expands the construction space.Then,the genetic algorithm-based optimized searching process is employed to search the synthesized matching suitable feature（SMSF）with the highest effciency,largely improving the optimized searching effciency.In addition,the experimental results of the airborne synthetic aperture radar ortho-images of C-band and P-band show that the SMSFs gained via the algorithms can reflect the matching suitability of SAR images accurately and the matching probabilities of selected matching suitable areas of ortho-images could reach 99±0.5%.     

Target detection with synthetic aperture radar

Target detection with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is considered. We derive generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) detection algorithms that may be used with SAR images that are obtained with coherent subtraction or have Gaussian distributions. We analytically compare the performance of (1) a single pixel detector, (2) a detector using complete knowledge of the target signature information and known orientation information, (3) a detector using incomplete knowledge of the target signature information and known orientation information (4) a detector using unknown target signature information and known orientation information, and (5) a detector using unknown target signature information and unknown orientation information     

Detection and range/Doppler estimation for colocated sensors

The problem of multisensor detection and high resolution signal state estimation using joint maximum a posteriori detection and high order nonlinear filtering techniques is addressed. The model-based fusion approach offers the potential for increased target resolution in range/Doppler/azimuth space. The approach employs joint detection/estimation filters (JDEF) for target detection and localization. The JDEF approach segments the aggregate nonlinear model over the entire target resolution space into a number of localized nonlinear models by partitioning the resolution space into a number of resolution subcells. This partitioning leads to extremely accurate state estimation. The proposed JDEF approach has a built-in capability for automatic data alignment from multiple sensors, and can be used for centralized, decentralized, and distributed data fusion.     

保持弱细结构特征的SAR图象模拟退火重构方法

模拟退火 ( SA)算法最先由 White R G.用于合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)图象的降斑处理。该算法在重构均匀区域和强结构区效果有很大提高 ,但也有缺点 ,尤其是过分模糊弱细结构。本文提出了一种改进的方法 ,在 SA算法中融入了边沿检测和增强步骤 ,使弱细结构得以增强并在退火过程中保持。为配合此方法 ,采用平稳下降的指数温度规划取代对数形式。通过仔细调整算法过程 ,可使新方法保留 SAR图象中的很多细小结构 ,而不使其他均匀的和强结构场景性能恶化 ,同时也没有引入其他缺陷。改进的算法更加适于中、低分辨率的 SAR图象降斑处理     

Adaptive detection schemes in compound-Gaussian clutter

Radar detection of coherent pulse trains embedded in compound-Gaussian disturbance with partially known statistics is discussed. We first give a thorough derivation of two recently proposed adaptive detection structures. Next, we derive a different detection scheme exploiting the assumption that the clutter is wide-sense stationary. Resorting to the theory of circulant matrices, in fact, we demonstrate that the estimation of the structure of the clutter covariance matrix can be reduced to the estimation of its eigenvalues, which in turn can be (efficiently) done via fast Fourier transform codes. After a thorough performance assessment, mostly carried on via computer simulations, the results show that the newly proposed detector achieves better performance than the two previously introduced adaptive detectors. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis shows that, even though this detector does not strictly guarantee the constant false alarm rate property with respect to the clutter covariance matrix, it is robust, in the sense that its performance is only slightly affected by variations in the clutter temporal correlation     

一种新的广义Gamma分布下的SAR图像目标检测算法

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标检测中全局广义Gamma分布虚警数量较多的问题,文章采用了一种新的基于核密度估计(KDE)的广义Gamma分布下的SAR图像舰船目标检测算法。新的算法结合了SAR图像的强度分布和空间散布分布,形成新的组合分布。在组合分布的基础上,完成SAR图像目标检测。首先,介绍了广义Gamma的分布模型;然后,通过核密度估计的方法估计各像素点的散布分布,结合散布分布和强度分布形成组合分布,对组合分布采用SISE方程的方法估计广义Gamma分布的参数,根据确定的广义Gamma分布的表达式,求出阈值T的解析式。通过求解逆不完全Gamma函数得到检测阈值,进而完成舰船目标的检测。通过实测SAR图像检测实验,对比文章算法与双参数检测算法和基于广义Gamma分布检测算法,验证了该算法的适用性。     

OGSRN: Optical-guided super-resolution network for SAR image

Although Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) have significantly improved the development of image Super-Resolution(SR) technology in recent years, the existing SR methods for SAR image with large scale factors have rarely been studied due to technical difficulty. A more efficient method is to obtain comprehensive information to guide the SAR image reconstruction.Indeed, the co-registered High-Resolution(HR) optical image has been successfully applied to enhance the quality of SAR image due to it...     

基于杂波对消-自聚焦的多通道SAR-GMTI

对超高频(UHF)波段多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)动目标检测技术进行研究,解决了长相干积累时间导致动目标在方位向散焦严重的问题。采用分块自聚焦技术对多通道SAR地面移动目标指示(GMTI)系统自适应杂波抑制后的SAR图像进行处理,改善杂波抑制后的SAR图像中动目标的聚焦情况,增强动目标与周围剩余杂波的对比度,进而提高恒虚警率(CFAR)检测的性能。与传统杂波抑制后直接进行CFAR检测方法相比较,该方法降低了检测虚警概率。实测数据处理结果显示动目标的信杂比明显提高,动目标方位向聚焦成功,证明了该方法的有效性。     

Sum-difference Reduced-dimensional Processing in SAR Image Domain and Statistical Analysis for Ground Moving Target Indication

In this article, a new reduced-dimensional adaptive processing algorithm based on joint pixels sum-difference data for clutter rejection is proposed. The sum-difference data are obtained by orthogonal projection of the joint pixels data of different synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images generated by a multi-satellite radar system. In the sense of statistical expectation, the sum-differ- ence data contain the common and different information of the SAR images. Therefore, the objective of clutter cancellation can be achieved by adaptive processing. Moreover, based on the residual image after clutter rejection, statistical analysis of constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detection of moving targets is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm even with heterogeneous clutter and image co-registration error.     

一种提高距离分辨率的FMCW SAR RD成像算法

调频连续波合成孔径雷达（FMCW SAR）是一种新近提出来的成像雷达体制,它结合调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术,具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点。从频谱的角度进行分析,FMCW SAR的距离分辨率取决于频率测量分辨率。文章研究了一种FMCW SAR高距离分辨率成像算法——利用FFT得到差频信号谱峰的粗略范围,再对这一范围进行ChirpZ变换,从而实现距离高精度估计,并且避免了大的计算量。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

Optimum Estimation of Bit Synchronization

In digital communication systems, optimum estimation and detection algorithms require that precise knowledge of the bit transition time be known to the receiver before bit-by-bit detection can be made. This paper presents the derivation of Bayes or maximum a posteriori estimation algorithms for optimum estimation of bit timing. Performance of the optimum system is evaluated and suboptimal realizations suggested.     

大气湍流退化图像多帧盲复原

针对图像盲复原时PSF（点扩散函数）尺寸参数对复原效果影响较大,提出一种点扩散函数尺寸自适应估计算法,该算法以均方误差为代价函数,通过遍历搜索点扩散函数有限支持域,克服了点扩散函数尺寸参数选择难的问题。仿真结果表明,估计的点扩散函数尺寸接近真实尺寸,对于大气湍流变化快的情形,改进算法取得了较好的图像复原效果。     

New SAR Processor Based on Matched Subspace Detectors

This paper deals with a new synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Processor based on a subspace detector designed for man-made target (MMT) detection. As MMTs are more accurately decribed by a set of canonical elements than with isotropic points, we develop a new algorithm which aims at using new models, instead of the isotropic point model commonly used in SAR processors. A subspace detector matched to canonical elements is included in the SAR processing. The implementation and the optimization of subspace detector SAR (SDSAR) algorithm is described. Simple examples of MMT detection in simulations and real data with a target hidden in a forest show the power of our approach. The SDSAR algorithm is shown to be the first robust and tractable algorithm relying on realistic scattering assumptions about the target.     

Localization of step changes in multitemporal SAR images

Deals with multitemporal sequences of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with regions possibly affected by step reflectivity patterns of change. Specifically, it addresses the problems of detecting a temporal step pattern with small reflectivity change against a constant pattern and of estimating the transition instant for the step. The statistically optimized signal processing techniques proposed in this work are most appropriate for the new generation of SAR systems with high revisit time that are currently under development. We propose two different techniques, based on the maximum likelihood (ML) approach, that make different use of prior knowledge on the radar cross section (RCS) levels of the searched pattern. They process the whole sequence to achieve optimal discrimination capability between regions affected and not affected by a step change and optimal estimation accuracy for the step transition instant. The first technique (known step pattern (KSP)-detector) assumes complete knowledge of the RCS levels of the searched pattern of change, while the second one (USP-detector) is based on the assumption of totally unknown step pattern.     

基于力场转换理论的图像粗大边缘检测方法

基于粗大边缘的异源图像匹配在导航制导等领域具有广阔的应用前景,但是现有边缘检测方法很难提取出异源图像中的粗大边缘.根据异源图像成像原理和灰度分布特点,提出一种基于力场转换理论的异源图像粗大边缘检测新方法.首先,根据引力概念计算图像中各像素点受到合力的大小和方向;其次,为了去除光照和异源图像灰度不同的影响,对图像中像素点...