基于行程累加的目标标记硬件加速算法

针对目标标记算法的长耗时、大延迟严重影响目标跟踪的效果和实时性问题,提出了快速的基于行程累加的目标标记硬件加速算法.通过对像素进行行程编码,按照定义的累加规则对相邻行的行程进行累加运算,避免了标号冲突的发生,无需建立等价表,实现了一遍扫描完成连通域标记和连通域特征的计算.实验结果表明提出的算法资源占用较少,输出延迟小,与软件算法相比具有很高的加速比,有利于后续目标跟踪的高速实时处理.     

一种FPGA实现的序列图像目标多维特征实时提取方法

目标区域多维特征的建模表征是实现目标跟踪搜索的前提。传统的特征提取方法通常先连通出目标区域，再计算目标特征，实时性不强。提出了一种基于像素的连通域标记及目标特征同步计算方法，建立特征传递机制，利用标号映射表关联标号表与特征属性表，并在区域邻接时进行标号合并和特征属性同步传递计算，保证了目标区域连通完成即可输出目标区域特征。给出一种基于FPGA硬件设计的实现方案。仿真测试结果显示，此方法具有以下几方面优势：连通域标记耗时少，仅为(L×W+2n/m)×T_clk，接近理论最小值(L×W)×T_clk；利用循环缓存区存储图像，资源消耗小；标记与计算并行处理，提升了检测跟踪效率；多目标特征经测试验证结果准确，可有效支持后续的目标跟踪检测；具有理论与实用价值。     

近前视弹载SAR的改进后向投影成像算法

针对现有的弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)大斜视算法所处理的斜视角度受限,传统的后向投影(BP)算法运算量大以及已有的快速后向投影算法不能进行并行处理等问题,提出了一种适于并行处理的近前视弹载SAR的改进后向投影算法.首先根据近前视弹载SAR的几何关系,建立回波信号模型,然后在距离方向上对弹载SAR扫描场景进行等间隔分割,在合并子孔径的同时分裂图像,达到所需图像精度时停止合并和分裂,再相干叠加反向投影到扫描场景的分割小区域内的回波,这样就会得到扫描区域的弹载SAR图像.对于各个条带可以采取并行处理来分别成像,可以进一步提高成像速度.最后利用仿真回波数据和实测回波数据对本文改进算法进行验证,通过与其他算法的比较,证明了本文改进算法可以处理高达86°的近前视场景,并且处理速度大大快于传统BP算法的处理速度,再配合并行处理划分的条带,处理速度会快于现有的改进BP算法的处理速度.      

航天器扫描镜成像位置误差补偿技术

研究地球静止轨道航天器两自由度扫描镜成像位置误差补偿问题,即通过对扫描角的补偿,使光轴在地球表面的成像点位置与标称位置相同,消除探测区域的位置偏差.在考虑扫描镜法线偏移、姿态偏差以及轨道误差条件下,推导了光轴成像点的地心经纬度计算公式.给出了上述3类误差的具体描述方式,并分析了各种误差对光轴成像点位置的影响关系.基于角度误差的小量假设条件,给出了扫描镜的步进角/扫描角补偿量的显式算法.针对法线偏移信息一般难以准确测量的问题,提出了一种利用扫描镜在特定工作模式下的光轴惯性空间定向能力和法线偏移的长周期特性对其进行估计的方法.仿真结果表明,所提出的补偿方案和算法能够显著提高成像点位置精度.     

一种基于ECN概率标记的流量控制算法

提出了一种基于用户效用函数的网络流量模型,把网络拥塞控制问题转化为求解网络流量模型的最优化问题,并且给出了求最优解的对偶梯度投影算法.算法的核心思想是:源选择传输速率使得它的网络利益最大,而链路调整拥塞价格来适应源的决定.为了在IP网络中实现此算法,在路由器中以概率标记显式拥塞指示ECN(Explicit Congestion Notification)中的拥塞预警CE(Congestion Experienced)比特来传输网络拥塞信息,使用IP分组头中的生命域TTL(Time-To-Live)估计分组传输路径中链路的位置信息.通过计算机模拟验证了算法的收敛性和准确性.      

大尺寸构件工业CT成像方法

为解决大尺寸构件快速ICT(Industrial Computed Tomography)成像问题,提出了一种通过检台2次偏置扩大扫描视场的ICT成像方法,并基于三代ICT投影数据存在的冗余特征,推导了它的投影数据重排预处理方法和滤波反投影(FBP,Filter Back-Projection)重建算法.该重排预处理方法建立了扇束投影数据与平行束投影数据间的函数映射关系,可将探测器在2个扫描位置采集的2组不完整扇形射束投影数据重排成一组完整的平行射束投影,从而使后续重建得以进行.计算机仿真结果表明,该方法在重构大尺寸构件图像时,获得了满意的质量.分析表明,在增加一次360°回转扫描情况下,其有效扫描视野达到标准三代ICT方法的2.8倍左右.该方法仅需CT扫描台具备平移和旋转自由度,易于与现有三代ICT兼容,工程实现方便.      

星载SAR滑动聚束模式三步扩展算法

针对星载SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)滑动聚束成像模式,结合空间几何模型沿距离向对混合度因子进行了分析及修正.在此基础上研究了单点目标及全场景的多普勒带宽,并通过数学推导验证了两步成像处理算法克服频域混叠的有效性.通过进一步深入研究指出了两步成像算法的局限性,即对脉冲重复频率的选择具有较高的要求,否则在方位向图像域造成混叠.针对两步成像算法的缺陷提出三步扩展成像处理算法,在方位向聚焦后通过选择合适的deramp因子完成方位向的重采样,克服了方位向图像域的混叠,并研究了第三步deramp操作对方位向时域展宽的影响.最后通过仿真验证了三步成像处理算法的优越性.     

基于TIRP法的铝基复合材料均匀性检测

为检测碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的均匀性,利用与厚度无关声反射板(TIRP,Thickness Independent Reflector Plate)法对材料声速进行成像,排除了材料厚度的影响,提高了检测精度.介绍了TIRP法的基本原理和试验系统的结构,提出了一种基于双次扫描方式的TIRP实时成像方法,进一步提高了精度.利用底面反射回波法、单次扫描TIRP法和双次扫描TIRP法进行了试验,并对成像结果进行了比较,能够看出基于双次扫描的TIRP法可获得更准确清晰的声速图像.最后对误差来源进行了分析,指出了改进的方向.     

基于星上实时信号处理机的Chirp Scaling算法实现方法

基于改进的Chirp Scaling算法,提出了一种适用于星上实时信号处理机的高效成像处理实现方法,其核心思想也可应用于其它高分辨率星载SAR的精确成像算法.首先介绍了实时信号处理机的结构,分析了数据处理粒度及其并行流水处理结构.在此基础上,针对单个粒度的成像处理重新设计了算法流程,提出了一种高效的实现方法.利用实时信号处理机,对仿真的回波数据进行了成像处理实验,结果表明:在41?s内能够完成成像处理,成像处理速度和图像质量满足系统设计要求,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

4基于遗传禁忌混合算法的敏捷卫星任务规划

多星多载荷敏捷成像卫星自主任务规划是一个复杂的多约束、非线性NP困难问题.分析了卫星观测任务约束和星上资源约束,建立了多星多载荷自主任务规划模型.针对此任务规划模型的特点,以及传统遗传算法和禁忌搜索算法的优缺点,采用了一种遗传禁忌混合算法进行求解.混合算法将禁忌算法嵌入遗传算法作为禁忌算法变异算子,解决了遗传算法早熟的问题.仿真结果表明混合算法比遗传算法收敛速度更快,比禁忌算法优化效果更好.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。