一种卫星精密星历的插值方法

在卫星各种应用中通常需要对卫星的星历进行插值,而且要求插值后星历精度仍保持与原轨道精度相当。本文采用在拉格朗日多项式插值方法基础上改进的Neville算法,对一颗低轨道地球卫星进行了仿真计算,分别对采用轨道根数和直角坐标速度形式的轨道进行插值。仿真结果表明选取合理的插值方法后,可以得到高精度的卫星星历,具有工程应用价值。     

A new clutter rejection method using a robust polarimetricCFAR-detector

Two methods for constructing robust polarimetric constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detectors that use elements of the scattering matrix are discussed. Both methods use robust estimators to recognize outliers and exclude them from further calculations. The first method weighs each sample of the surrounding vectors, and vectors that appear to be outliers are weighted with lower values than the others. The second method uses cluster algorithms to arrange the data in different clusters; some clusters contain the outliers, and others contain observations assumed to come from the main body of the data. The detectors are intended to be used in multitarget and nonhomogeneous-clutter environments     

基于JTAG的模块测试方法

简要阐述了边界扫描测试的基本用途,介绍了边界扫描的结构及特点;分析了JTAG的命令和使用方法、测试向量的生成方法;最后给出三个应用实例:使用JTAG对单个器件的测试,互连测试和对器件编程。     

Comparison of two-sensor tracking methods based on state vectorfusion and measurement fusion

There are two approaches to the two-sensor track-fusion problem. Y Bar-Shalom and L. Campo (ibid., vol.AES-22, 803-5, Nov. 1986) presented the state vector fusion method, which combines state vectors from the two sensors to form a new estimate while taking into account the correlated process noise. The measurement fusion method or data compression of D. Willner et al. (1976) combines the measurements from the two sensors first and then uses this fused measurement to estimate the state vector. The two methods are compared and an example shows the amount of improvement in the uncertainty of the resulting estimate of the state vector with the measurement fusion method     

基于SVR多学科设计优化代理模型技术研究

为挖掘设计潜力,提高飞机设计质量,通过代理模型方法研究了多学科设计优化(MDO)。基于径向基函数模型,研究了一种新的代理模型技术--支持向量回归方法(SVR)。通过数值算例和某通用航空飞机多学科设计优化应用算例对支持向量回归方法的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明,支持向量回归是一种比较有效的代理模型方法,在飞机多学科设计优化的理论研究和工程实践方面具有重要的参考意义。     

Correlated K-distributed clutter generation for radar detection andtrack

The generation of correlated vectors for non-Gaussian clutter is considered for log normal, Weibull, and K-probability distributions. Previous results for log normal and Weibull distributions are summarized. Expressions for the probability distributions and moments of K-distributed clutter of any correlation are derived. Procedures for forming samples of each type of clutter are shown to be equivalent to passing white Gaussian noise through a linear filter followed by a nonlinear operation. Curves of correlation coefficients necessary for the simulation of these vectors are presented for each distribution     

交互外形设计中的有理插值方法

在CAGD中,构造光滑曲线通过给定的二维或三维点集是非常重要的问题。广泛釆用的方法是Hermite技术,但是依照这种方法,插值曲线的形状过多地依赖于切矢的模长,且形状的修改不能依几何的方式交互完成。本文提出了一种结合交互技术和插值技术于一体的曲线插值方法,插值基函数为有理函数,在此基础上讨论了形状参数在几何修形中的作用,     

Spatio-temporal pattern recognition using hidden Markov models

A spatio-temporal method for identifying objects contained in an image sequence is presented. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) technique is used as the classification algorithm, making classification decisions based on a spatio-temporal sequence of observed object features. A five class problem is considered. Classification accuracies of 100% and 99.7%, are obtained for sequences of images generated over two separate regions of viewing positions. HMMs trained on image sequences of the objects moving in opposite directions showed a 98.1% successful classification rate by class and direction of movement. The HMM technique proved robust to image corruption with additive correlated noise and had a higher accuracy than a single-look nearest neighbor method. A real image sequence of one of the objects used was successfully recognized with the HMMs trained on synthetic data. This study shows the temporal changes that observed feature vectors undergo due to object motion hold information that can yield superior classification accuracy when compared with single-frame techniques     

积分滑模控制在飞艇舵面故障中的应用

针对飞艇运动姿态的小扰动模型,利用极点配置方法设计了积分滑模控制器。对飞艇"×"型舵面出现的故障,给出了期望的特征根,并选择合适的特征向量来构造积分滑模面。给出了一种快速的趋近律形式,并证明了其稳定性。仿真结果表明,与PD控制器相比,积分滑模控制器能使飞艇的运动姿态保持良好。     

Adaptive Arrays for Multiple Simultaneous Desired Signals

Steered beam adaptive arrays for multiple simultaneous desired signals are discussed. It is shown that the performance of a steered beam adaptive array depends upon the range of input signal strengths and the choice of the steering vector. Optimum steering vectors for various input signal strengths are given. All choices of steering vectors are equally effective in the rejection of jammers.     

多源信息融合卫星组合导航系统的可观度分析

针对基于GNSS卫星、地标矢量和星光矢量的多源信息融合的高轨卫星组合导航系统,分别利用系统可观度分析方法和状态可观度分析方法对其进行分析.仿真结果表明:在GNSS导航卫星不可见时,地标矢量和星光矢量可以有效地提供测量信息,并保证滤波器的稳定.可观度分析结果表明:系统可观度主要受GNSS导航星的可见星数目影响较大,地标矢...     

一种基于角度-多普勒补偿的均匀圆形天线机载雷达杂波抑制方法

采用均匀圆形相控阵天线的机载雷达杂波分布随距离变化而变化,各距离单元的杂波不再满足独立同分布的条件,造成统计型空时自适应处理(STAP)器性能下降。基于此,本文建立了均匀圆形天线机载雷达模型,对其杂波分布进行了分析,得出了空间角随阵元数非线性变化的特性造成其杂波距离维分布非均匀的结论。研究了一种均匀圆形天线机载雷达杂波抑制方法,该方法先通过修正的角度 多普勒补偿(MADC)预处理消除在杂波谱中心处的非均匀,再利用基于导数更新(DBU)技术进一步减小在其他方位杂波的非均匀程度。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于三迭代与二阶锥规划的机载MIMO雷达稳健降维STAP方法

针对机载多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达空时自适应处理(STAP)中期望目标导向矢量的失配问题,提出一种基于三迭代(TRIA)与二阶锥规划(SOCP)的稳健降维MIMO-STAP方法。首先将MIMO-STAP权矢量分解为发射、接收、多普勒3个低维权矢量的Kronecker积,然后分别限定实际发射、接收、多普勒导向矢量与假定导向矢量之间的误差范数边界,通过优化最差性能,利用SOCP对各个低维权矢量进行三迭代求解,最后进行权矢量合成。该方法在保证机载MIMO雷达获取稳健STAP性能的同时,通过三迭代降维处理,能够有效降低训练样本数需求与运算复杂度,因此更具有实际应用价值。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

参数不确定离散马尔可夫跳跃广义系统的鲁棒输出反馈镇定

讨论了含参数不确定的离散马尔可夫跳跃广义系统的鲁棒输出反馈镇定问题。基于受限系统等价(r.s.e.)变换和通过引入新的状态变量,将所讨论的广义系统等价转换为离散马尔可夫跳跃标准线性系统。通过对转换后的系统进行讨论,得到了使闭环系统正则、因果且随机稳定的鲁棒输出反馈控制器存在的线性矩阵不等式充分条件,该控制器可以是降阶的。最后用一个数值算例说明了文中方法的有效性。     

结构动力学拓扑优化局部模态现象分析

使用拓扑优化技术进行结构自然频率最大化设计时的主要问题是结构空洞区域可能出现的局部模态现象。采用刚度矩阵和质量矩阵求解动力学特征方程,通过算例分析了结构密度差异、惩罚因子对自然频率和模态的影响以及局部模态现象产生的原因。结果表明,由于实体各向同性材料惩罚函数法(SIMP)使用了指数惩罚因子,空洞区域的密度与刚度差异远远大于实体区域,导致空洞区域局部模态的产生。分析了局部模态的产生过程,给出了结构自然频率和模态相对实体-孔洞区域密度的比值以及惩罚因子的变化趋势。同时,基于传统体胞微结构均匀化等效模型方法,提出了描述结构空洞区域的多种体胞微结构,计算证实这些微结构形式均可有效地避免局部模态的发生。     

基于最小二乘聚焦矩阵的宽带信号DOA估计

提出基于最小二乘的聚焦矩阵构造方法,首先,对宽带信号的每个频率分量,在所有可能的角度上构造方向向量;其次,在聚焦的频率点上,构造这些方向上的方向向量;最后,根据构造的方向向量,采用最小二乘方法求解聚焦矩阵。该方法不需要对DOA进行预估计,具有较好的稳定性和较高的角度分辨率。经计算机仿真验证,该方法是正确的。     

宽带卫星通信信号的多维星座图解调方法

高速卫星数据传输需要利用较高调制维度和较多星座点数来实现,一方面导致接收端具有较大实现复杂度,另一方面系统可靠性极易受信道非线性影响。针对以上问题,通过对多维星座图信号的解调性能进行理论分析,得到极大后验概率（MAP）解调误符号率（SER）的理论公式,在保证系统SER性能的基础上,提出了基于星座图相关的检测方法。该方法利用脉冲正交性得到接收星座点,对其进行向量相关运算得到解调数据,有效降低了解调判决过程的复杂度。针对信号经过高功率放大器（HPA）后的非线性失真问题,建立了HPA信道估计模型,利用最小二乘（LS）信道估计方法对原解调星座图进行修正,提出了基于修正星座图的解调方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低实现复杂度的同时,有效提高了系统抗HPA信道非线性失真的能力,可实现对宽带高速卫星通信信号的高效准确解调。     

Magnetic Position and Orientation Tracking System

Three-axis generation and sensing of quasi-static magneticdipole fields provide information sufficient to determine both the position and orientation of the sensor relative to the source. Linear rotation transformations based upon the previous measurements are applied to both the source excitation and sensor output vectors, yielding quantities that are linearly propotional to small changes in the position and orientation. Changes are separated using linear combinations of sensor output vectors, transformed to the desired coordinate frame, and used to update the previous measurements. Practical considerations for a head-tracking application are discussed.     

Outlier resistant adaptive matched filtering

Robust adaptive matched filtering (AMF) whereby outlier data vectors are censored from the covariance matrix estimate is considered in a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) setting. It is known that outlier data vectors whose steering vector is highly correlated with the desired steering vector, can significantly degrade the performance of AMF algorithms such as sample matrix inversion (SMI) or fast maximum likelihood (FML). Four new algorithms that censor outliers are presented which are derived via approximation to the MLE solution. Two algorithms each are related to using the SMI or the FML to estimate the unknown underlying covariance matrix. Results are presented using computer simulations which demonstrate the relative effectiveness of the four algorithms versus each other and also versus the SMI and FML algorithms in the presence of outliers and no outliers. It is shown that one of the censoring algorithms, called the reiterative censored fast maximum likelihood (CFML) technique is significantly superior to the other three censoring methods in stressful outlier scenarios.     

Efficiently constructing collision-free regions of tool orientations for holder in five-axis machining of blisk

Blisks with the integral structure are key parts used in new jet engines to promote the performance of aircrafts, which also increases the complexity of tool orientation planning in the five-axis machining. It is an essential task to find the collision-free tool orientation when the tool holder is pushed deep into the channel of blisk to increase rigidity and reduce vibration. Since the radius of the holder varies with the height, the line-visibility is no longer applicable when constructing collision-free regions of tool orientation. In this paper, a method of constructing collision-free regions without interference checking is proposed. The work of finding collision-free regions resorts to solving the local contact curves on the checking surfaces of blisk. And it further transforms into searching the locally tangent points (named critical points) between the holder and surface. Then a tracking-based algorithm is proposed to search the sample critical points on these local contact curves. And the corresponding critical vectors are also calculated synchronously. Besides, the safety allowance, discrete precision and acceptable deviation are introduced in the algorithm to ensure accuracy by controlling the angle between two adjacent critical vectors properly. After that, the searched critical vectors are mapped orderly to two-dimensional space and the collision-free regions are constructed. This method is finally verified and compared with a referenced method. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently construct collision-free regions for holder under the given accuracy.