石墨烯用于提高材料抗原子氧剥蚀性能

提出新型二维纳米材料石墨烯在航天器上的应用.首先采用超声空化法制备得到石墨烯,然后将其添加到环氧树脂中,采用共混法制成纳米复合材料.热失重分析显示材料的热稳定性能有所提高.在地面模拟设备中对环氧树脂和纳米复合材料进行了原子氧效应试验,并对试验前后材料的质量损失、表面形貌和表面成分等进行了分析,结果表明纳米复合材料相对于纯环氧树脂,其抗原子氧剥蚀性能有明显提高.      

纳米复合相变材料熔化过程数值模拟

相变储能技术在航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用前景,但是相变材料导热性能差制约了其工程化应用。高导热的纳米材料能够有效提高相变材料的导热性能。为了对其相变现象进行更精细的模拟分析,基于Maxwell-Garnett等效介质理论（EMT）建立3种具有代表性结构的纳米复合相变材料详细物性参数,将流体体积（VOF）模型与焓-多孔介质模型相耦合,在考虑相变材料体积膨胀的情况下,数值模拟了纯石蜡、添加不同体积组分金刚石纳米粒子（ND）、单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）和石墨烯纳米片（GnP）的纳米复合相变材料在定温边界条件下的固液相变过程。结果表明:相变材料熔化过程中对流效应主要分布在临近固液相界面、临近加热壁面及临近气液两相交界面这3个区域;3种纳米粒子中GnP的导热强化效果最佳,相比纯石蜡,添加体积分数为3%的GnP纳米复合相变材料固相导热系数提高了486%,相变材料的熔化时间缩短了69%;升高壁面温度能够有效缩短复合相变材料的熔化时间。      

碳纳米材料辐射效应研究现状

碳纳米管（CNTs）和石墨烯是碳纳米材料中新兴的两种类型,因其优异的电学、热学、机械等性能,是目前航天工程中具有很大应用前景的材料.在复杂的空间环境中,辐射效应对材料的结构和性能具有重要影响,是决定其稳定性和适应性的关键因素之一.本文对碳纳米管和石墨烯材料的电子、离子等辐射效应研究现状进行了讨论分析,对辐射过程中缺陷的产生和类型、辐射在材料制备以及功能化改性修饰方面的应用、辐射对器件性能的影响以及空间适应性进行了分析,简述了以碳纳米材料为基础的复合材料的辐射效应以及辐射缺陷对材料性能影响的作用机制,提出了目前碳纳米管和石墨烯辐射效应研究中仍需要开展的工作,并对其在空间科学中的应用进行了展望.      

金刚石13 C核子定位用参数可调动态解耦序列

针对金刚石内¹³C核自旋的逐个定位,提出了一种非均匀分布周期内对称的动态解耦序列--可调动态解耦（APDD）序列。针对该序列,进行了理论推导和仿真分析;并就¹³C核自旋定位精度指标,与目前金刚石内原子量子态操控使用最为广泛的CPMG （Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill）脉冲序列和XY4序列进行了比较。结果表明,相比于CPMG序列与XY4序列,APDD序列可将单个¹³C核自旋的定位精度提高6.27倍。进一步研究表明,在单个周期内比值τ₁/τ介于0.51~0.58范围为APDD序列核子定位最优工作条件。因此,APDD序列能被用于控制毗邻金刚石中NV^-色心的核自旋,并且在量子信息和量子探测器领域有着重要的应用。     

纳米粒子对星用胶粘剂空间环境性能影响的试验研究

对中国卫星上大量应用的几种胶粘剂进行了地球同步轨道环境模拟试验,同时试验了添加纳米SiO2粉体后的影响。研究表明,纳米材料的加入对胶粘剂空间排气性降低、抑制电子辐照、冷热交变循环损伤等有明显作用。研究结果为中国长寿命卫星胶接结构、材料的寿命可靠性提供了相关依据,展现了纳米材料空间应用的前景。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的理论研究进展

讨论了国内外关于聚合物基纳米复合材料的理论研究,包括聚合物/层状结构硅酸盐PLS(Polymer-Layer Silicate)纳米复合材料的热力学、动力学和微观力学,以及聚合物/颗粒状无机纳米复合材料的纳米微粒分散原理、纳米粒子尺寸与复合材料性能之间的关系等.      

新型磁性液体材料的研究与探讨

磁性液体，是由固体的磁性粒子分散到载体（液体）中形成的一种胶体溶液，此种深夜既有液体的流动性，又具有磁性，是一种新型的磁性材料，本文对磁性液体的制造方法，及其存在的条件，进行了研究与探讨，并简单介绍了磁性液体的性质及其应用前景。     

原子自旋陀螺气室加热电磁噪声抑制实验研究

原子自旋陀螺仪作为目前最新一类陀螺仪,具有超高的理论精度。碱金属气室是原子自旋陀螺仪承载原子自旋的敏感表头。通过电加热使碱金属达到饱和蒸气压,但是电加热过程中会引入电磁干扰等噪声,进而影响原子自旋陀螺仪的精度和灵敏度。为减小碱金属气室加热的电磁噪声对原子自旋陀螺仪的影响,从加热器结构与加热驱动信号2个方面进行了电磁噪声抑制实验研究。设计了具有磁场噪声抑制作用的异形加热膜,使高频正弦波作为加热驱动信号,构建了碱金属气室集成化无磁电加热单元。通过实验验证,系统的等效磁场噪声优于17 fT/Hz1/2,气室内部的温度稳定度优于±0.006 ℃,为原子自旋陀螺仪的性能提升提供了可靠保障。      

可编程逻辑器件在空间电子学设备中的应用

介绍了几种常用于空间电子学设备的可编程逻辑器件 (FPGA), 基于空间环境特点, 分析了可编程逻辑器件在空间电子学设备中应用时需要考虑的特殊问题. 针对空间试验中经常出现的单粒子翻转事件(SEU), 介绍了一种基于冗余(FTMR) 的FPGA设计方法, 并通过实例给出了这种方法对系统性能和设计规模的影响.      

Electric potential structures of auroral acceleration region border from multi-spacecraft Cluster data

This paper studies an auroral event using data from three spacecraft of the Cluster mission, one inside and two at the poleward edge of the bottom of the Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR). The study reveals the three-dimensional profile of the region’s poleward boundary, showing spatial segmentation of the electric potential structures and their decay in time. It also depicts localized magnetic field variations and field-aligned currents that appear to have remained stable for at least 80?s. Such observations became possible due to the fortuitous motion of the three spacecraft nearly parallel to each other and tangential to the AAR edge, so that the differences and variations can be seen when the spacecraft enter and exit the segmentations, hence revealing their position with respect to the AAR.     

The multi-wavelength properties of Anomalous X-ray Pulsars and Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters

This paper reviews the multi-wavelength properties of two groups of pulsars, the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) and the Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGRs), that are generally interpreted as isolated neutron stars with strong magnetic fields of 10¹⁴–10¹⁵ G. Most of these sources have now been observed at different wavelengths, from the radio band to hard X-rays. Several new members of these classes have been discovered in the last few years, due to their transient nature. The distinction between AXPs and SGRs is becoming less evident, as more observations are collected which show similar properties in all these sources.     

The characteristics of flare- and CME-productive solar active regions

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause immediate and adverse effects on the interplanetary space and geospace. In an era of space-based technical civilization, the deeper understanding of the mechanisms that produce them and the construction of efficient prediction schemes are of paramount importance. The source regions of flares and CMEs exhibit some common morphological characteristics, such as $\delta$-spots, filaments and sigmoids, which are associated with strongly sheared magnetic polarity inversion lines, indicative of the complex magnetic configurations that store huge amounts of free magnetic energy and helicity. The challenge is to transform this empirical knowledge into parameters/predictors that can help us distinguish efficiently between quiet, flare-, and CME-productive (eruptive) active regions. This paper reviews these efforts to parameterize the characteristics of eruptive active regions as well as the importance of transforming new knowledge into more efficient predictors and including new types of data. Magnetic properties of active regions were first introduced when systematic ground-based observations of the photospheric magnetic field became possible and the relevant research was boosted by the provision of near real time, uninterrupted, high-quality observations from space, which allowed the study of large, statistically significant samples. Nonetheless, flare and CME prediction still faces a number of challenges. The magnetic field information is still constrained at the photospheric level and accessed only from one vantage point of observation, thus there is always need for better predictors; the dynamic behavior of active regions is still not fully incorporated into predictions; the inherent stochasticity of flares and CMEs renders their prediction probabilistic, thus benchmark sets are necessary to optimize and validate predictions. To meet these challenges, researchers have put forward new magnetic properties, which describe different aspects of magnetic energy storage mechanisms in active regions and offer the opportunity of parametric studies for over an entire solar cycle. This inventory of features/predictors is now expanded to include information from flow fields, transition region and coronal spectroscopy, data-driven modeling of the coronal magnetic field, as well as parameterizations of dynamic effects from time series. Further work towards these directions may help alleviate the current limitations in observing the magnetic field of higher atmospheric layers. In this task, fundamental and operational research converge, with promising results which could stimulate the development of new missions and lay the ground for future exploratory studies, also profiting from and utilizing the long anticipated observations of the new generation of instruments.     

结合光球磁场特征物理量的质子事件短期预报

利用描述太阳活动区光球磁场复杂性和非势性特征的三个物理量(纵向磁场最大水平梯度|▽_hB_z |_m, 强梯度中性线长度L, 孤立奇点数目η)建立了质子事件短期预报模型, 验证了磁场特征物理量对质子事件短期预报的有效性. 目前已建立或使用的太阳质子事件短期预报模型中仍然没有正式将磁场特征物理量作为预报因子. 由于太阳质子事件是小概率事件, 其物理产生机制尚不完全清楚, 这些预报模型往往存在虚报率偏高或报准率偏低的问题. 本文试图将原有质子事件模型所用的传统因子与磁场特征物理量结合起来, 利用神经网络方法建立一个更为有效的质子事件短期预报模型. 利用1997--2001年的训练数据集1871个样本建立了输入层为传统预报因子的模型A以及输入层为传统预报因子和磁场特征物理量的模型B. 通过对2002--2003年973个样本的测试数据集进行模拟预报发现, 模型A与B在具有相同质子事件报准率的情况下, 模型B的虚报率明显降低. 这进一步验证了磁场特征物理量在质子事件短期预报中的作用, 进而可以加强对太阳质子事件的实际预报能力.      

太阳质子耀斑的一个统计性质

本文研究太阳质子耀斑相对于太阳光球大尺度平均磁场中性线的分布, 给出一个新得到的质子耀斑的统计性质。研究太阳质子事件及其源耀斑的统计性质, 是太阳物理和空间物理学的重要前沿课题。从太阳活动预报及地球空间环境预报研究的角度看, 一个重要的问题是质子耀斑在      

太阳帆航天器的关键技术

将太阳帆航天器所涉及的关键技术划分为4个方面：总体设计、轨道和姿态动力学与控制、太阳帆材料及其性能、太阳帆折叠与展开。针对每项关键技术,基于对国外长期研究结果进行分析并阐述主要技术特征,梳理国内相关研究进展,包括笔者与合作者的研究成果,分析存在的主要问题。根据上述分析,指出我国发展太阳帆航天器应该重视的若干问题。     

湿热环境对CCF800/环氧挖补板拉压性能的影响

针对挖补修理后飞行器在服役期间会经历高温高湿环境,进行了湿热环境对挖补修理层合板（以下简称挖补板）拉压性能影响的研究。首先,测试了4种湿热环境下CCF800/环氧挖补板的拉伸和压缩性能;然后,建立了相应的湿热应力有限元模型,探索了不同湿热环境下挖补板内的湿热应力分布;最后,在此基础上建立了湿热环境下挖补板的拉伸和压缩力学模型,研究了湿热环境对CCF800/环氧挖补板力学性能的影响。试验结果显示,湿热环境使挖补板的承压能力降低,承拉能力提高,这与常理不符。经试验观察和机理分析,发现CCF800/环氧铺层中纤维弯曲是导致湿热环境下挖补板拉伸性能不降反升的主要原因。在考虑湿热环境时,制备CCF800纤维复合材料过程中需要格外注意纤维弯曲问题。      

基于FPGA的时间数字转换技术综述

基于FPGA的时间数字转换(FPGA-Based Time to Digital Converters, FPGA-TDC)具有较短的开发周期和更灵活的开发方式,随着针对TDC的研究工作越来越多,应用于不同场景的各种FPGA-TDC架构也相应出现,但是对于这些架构的分类和命名,并没有一个统一的标准。采用一种以分辨率来源为分类依据的方法,对近几年国内外研究机构关于FPGA-TDC的成果进行了分类,综述了该领域的技术方法,总结了各类架构的优缺点,并且对FPGA-TDC未来的发展做出了展望。     

Experiments in materials science on the ground and in reduced gravity using electrostatic levitators

To counter residual accelerations, dedicated levitators or positioners are necessary to support a host of materials science experiments on the ground and in microgravity. All levitators (e.g., aerodynamic, acoustic, electromagnetic, electrostatic, optical) have their own merits and limitations but the electrostatic scheme offers the combined advantages of processing millimeter-size objects, independent heating, quasi-spherical shape of molten materials, handling of materials under extreme temperatures for hours, virtually convection-free samples, and wide view around the samples for diagnostic. These attributes provide unique research opportunities in materials science on the ground as well as under reduced gravity. In particular, electrostatic levitators are very attractive to measure the physical and structural properties of equilibrium and non-equilibrium liquids, to synthesize multi-function materials, and to understand metastable phase formation, vitrification, and diffusion. In this paper, research and development carried out by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency over the years in the field of electrostatic levitation are summarized and the main results obtained in materials science are presented.