基于北斗卫星反射信号的海面溢油探测方法及试验

为了监测小规模固定海域的溢油状况,针对岸基接收平台提出了一种基于北斗卫星反射信号的海面溢油探测方法,该方法将全球导航卫星系统反射信号(GNSS-R)技术应用于岸基条件下的海面溢油探测。进行了岸基试验,利用右旋圆极化(RHCP)天线和左旋圆极化(LHCP)天线分别采集北斗卫星直射与反射信号,在信号同步的基础上提取卫星直射和反射信号的相关功率,并结合北斗卫星的高度角与方位角信息,反演目标海域的介电常数来判断海面有无溢油。试验结果表明探测表面为油面时,介电常数反演结果均值为3.6,标准差为2.13,这与油的真实介电常数范围2.0~4.5一致,远小于海水介电常数,证明将GNSS-R应用到岸基海面溢油探测中具有可行性。     

基于相关功率修正的地基GNSS-R土壤湿度反演

利用全球导航卫星系统反射信号测量技术(GNSS-R)进行土壤湿度反演过程中，实际接收天线方向性会造成GNSS直反信号相关功率测量偏差。针对地基观测场景下天线方向性造成的相关功率的类余弦振荡问题，提出了基于多项式拟合的信号相关功率修正方法。为了验证所提方法的有效性，开展了地基GNSS-R土壤湿度观测实验，结果表明:基于多项式拟合的相关功率修正可以消除信号相关功率的类余弦振荡，提升GNSS-R土壤湿度反演中的观测数据有效性和反演结果准确性。      

GNSS-IR双频数据融合的土壤湿度反演方法

目前全球导航卫星系统反射信号干涉测量（GNSS-IR）土壤湿度反演研究仅针对单一频点展开,提出用熵值法将2个频点数据进行融合以改进土壤湿度反演精度。首先,利用频谱分析法分别解析出各频点的信噪比（SNR）序列的振荡频率,计算出对应的等效天线高度,并利用最小二乘法求解各频点信噪比序列相位;然后,通过熵值法进行2个频点的相位观测量融合;最后,利用融合结果与实测土壤湿度建立经验模型,实现土壤湿度反演。利用地基观测实验获得的全球定位系统（GPS）L1和L2信噪比数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:L1和L2双频融合反演结果平均标准差为0.6%,比L1单频反演结果提高64.73%,比L2单频反演结果提高32.12%;均方根误差为0.37%,比L1频点降低72.8%,比L2频点降低73.4%。      

地基北斗GEO卫星直反信号功率测量偏差分析

针对接收天线方向性造成的北斗地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星直反信号功率测量偏差进行研究。给出地基场景下实际天线接收的直反信号及其功率表达式,讨论天线方向性造成的北斗GEO卫星直反信号功率测量相对偏差,设置具体观测场景进行仿真分析。理论与仿真结果表明：具体场景和时刻下的北斗GEO卫星直反信号功率测量偏差为固定偏差,由天线对干扰信号的抑制性能、天线架设高度和反射面介电常数共同决定;相对偏差的大小随着天线对干扰信号抑制性能的增强而减小,随着天线架设高度的变化在某一范围内波动,也会随着反射面介电常数的变化而变化。     

基于GPS多星三频数据融合的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演方法

土壤湿度的监测是全球卫星导航系统干涉测量法（GNSS-IR）的关键应用之一。传统的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演方法一般只针对单颗卫星的单一频段,未充分利用不同轨道、不同频率卫星信号的差异性与互补性。针对此问题,提出了一种将GPS多星的L1、L2和L5频段数据加权融合进行联合反演的方法,该方法利用基于最小方差的自适应融合算法得到加权因子,并通过现场实验进行了方法验证。结果表明:在测试集上所提出的反演方法相比于传统的Larson方法,相关系数提高了24.69%,均方根误差下降了22.28%,与均值融合法相比,相关系数提高了26.77%,均方根误差下降了23.26%,证明了所提方法能有效提高反演精度。      

利用GNSS反射信号载波测量湖面高度变化

给出一种利用导航卫星反射信号的载波相位测量光滑湖面高度变化的方法.首先建立载波相位观测方程,通过在直射与反射信号的观测量之间求单差,再在历元间求双差的方法,消除了大量误差并得到了直射与反射信号的几何路径差;然后根据各颗卫星的观测值和高度角等信息计算出湖面高度变化,并把各卫星得到的湖面高度度变化值进行加权平均以提高测量系统的精度和可靠性.仿真验证了方法在-15dB信噪比下达到了毫米级的测量精度.     

定位精度“精”益求“精”——访北斗卫星导航系统卫星系统总设计师谢军

第8颗北斗卫星的成功发射入轨后,与在轨的多颗地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星和地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星组成基本系统,已经具备在星座覆盖范围内提供连续的、稳定的、全天候的基本服务能力。那么北斗卫星导航系统的基本原理、定位精度和未来发展如何呢?北斗卫星导航系统卫星系统总设计师谢军为我们进行了详细的解答。     

基于GNSS-R的裸土圆极化散射特性研究

GNSS-R是利用导航卫星的反射信号对地物参数进行遥感的新兴对地观测方式。针对其特有的圆极化散射方式,以双站散射的高级积分方程模型为工具,利用极化合成的方法将随机粗糙地表面圆极化散射模型转换为可以计算各种极化的微波散射模型。重点模拟分析了不同土壤水分含量下,裸土在不同观测几何时的圆极化散射特性。随机粗糙地表面圆极化散射模型的发展在某种程度上填补了GNSS-R领域机理模型的空缺,为后续土壤水分的进一步反演提供了机理工具。      

基于射频敏感器的卫星三轴姿态确定方法研究

带有大型网状展开天线的同步轨道移动通信卫星,一般通过卫星本体的姿态控制间接保障星上通信天线的指向精度,难以避免天线因自身安装、变形、挠性振动等引起的指向误差.提出直接利用射频敏感器测量的信标信号误差确定卫星三轴姿态,并计算天线保持目标指向所需三轴姿态角偏差,通过卫星姿态控制系统实时或离线姿态修正以保证天线指向精度.利用数学仿真方式验证算法正确性和有效性.     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

地球站天线与卫星天线极化取向对准的计算方法

本文给出了接收通信卫星线极化辐射信号时地球站天线极化取向角的计算公式。使用线极化辐射的通信系统中,地球站天线极化取向随其地理位置而变化。本文利用坐标变换方法导出了实用的计算公式。在地球站的架设、调整中,只要利用所公布的卫星定点经度位置和卫星天线波束指向角数据,加上所架设地球站的地面经纬度,便可算出极化角取向。本文给出的公式不仅用于电视接收站,还可适用于通信地球站。     

基于GA-SVM的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演方法

针对提高大范围土壤湿度测量精度的问题,研究了土壤湿度的全球卫星导航系统干涉测量法（GNSS-IR）,提出了一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的土壤湿度反演模型,利用遗传算法（GA）的自动寻优功能寻找SVM的最佳参数。结果表明,GA-SVM模型在测试集上得到的土壤湿度反演值与实测值的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）仅为0.69%,最大相对误差（MRE）为1.22%,线性回归方程决定系数达到了0.956 9。进一步与统计回归、粒子群优化的SVM模型（PSO-SVM）及反向传播（BP）神经网络方法进行对比,结果说明:在样本数目有限的情况下,GA-SVM方法更适用于土壤湿度的GNSS-IR技术反演,且反演精度较高,泛化性能良好。      

Analysis on navigation accuracy of high orbit spacecraft based on BDS GEO and IGSO satellites

To make up for the insufficiency of earth-based TT&C systems, the use of GNSS technology for high-orbit spacecraft navigation and orbit determination has become a new technology. It is of great value to applying Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) and Inclined GeoStationary Orbit (IGSO) navigation satellites for supporting the navigation of high-orbit spacecraft since there are three different types of navigation satellites in BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS): Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), GEO and IGSO. This paper conducts simulation experiments based on Two-Line Orbital Element (TLE) data to analyze and demonstrate the role of these satellites in the navigation of high-orbit spacecraft. Firstly, the spacecraft in GEO was used as the target satellite to conduct navigation experiments. Experiments show that for the spacecraft on the GEO orbit, after adding GEO and IGSO respectively on the basis of receiving MEO navigation satellite signals, the accuracies were improved by 7.22 % and 6.06 % respectively. When adding both GEO and IGSO navigation satellites at the same time, the accuracy can reach 16 m. In the second place, navigation and positioning experiments were carried out on three high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellites with different semimajor axis (32037.2 km, 42385.9 km, 67509.6 km). The experiments show that the number of visible satellites has been improved significantly after adding GEO and IGSO navigation satellites at the same time. The visible satellites in these three orbits were improved by 32.84 %, 41.12 % and 37.68 %, respectively compared with only observing MEO satellites.The RMS values of the navigation positioning errors of these three orbits are 25.59 m, 87.58 m and 712.48 m, respectively.