基于模糊Petri网的机载蒸发循环系统故障诊断方法

针对机载蒸发循环系统多层次、相关性的故障特征,本文提出了基于模糊Petri网的机载蒸发循环系统故障诊断方法.根据故障的失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)表以及模糊故障Petri网(FFPN)建模规则,通过对系统的功能、模块划分以及对故障数据进行分析,建立了机载蒸发循环控制系统的故障模型.根据此模型,采用模糊集理论描述了故障...     

基于核函数主元分析的航空发动机故障检测方法

航空发动机性能由正常到异常、再由异常发展到完全故障的阶段,其参数变化具有一定非线性特征。为了有效检测这种具有非线性特征的故障,提出一种基于核函数主元分析(KPCA)的非线性故障检测方法。该方法通过核函数完成非线性变换,将变量由非线性的输入空间转换到线性的特征空间,在特征空间中使用线性主元分析(PCA)方法计算主元,构造T2和SPE统计量检测故障的发生。通过对某型涡扇发动机进行实例验证分析,结果表明,KPCA方法一方面克服了综合参数法由于没有确定的警戒值而无法有效地进行故障检测的不足;另一方面KPCA方法在非线性故障检测过程中能够提取重要的非线性特征信息,因而比PCA方法能更早地检测到早期潜在故障,且KPCA方法检测错误率更低。因此,KPCA方法更适合于具有非线性特征的航空发动机故障检测。     

减速器振动信号的经验模态分解

时域同步平均是直升机减速器诊断技术的基础,目前这种方法依赖于转速传感器提供相位同步信号。探讨了应用经验模态分解代替时域同步平均分析减速器振动信号的方法。构建了一个减速器振动信号模型,提取了故障特征信号。对经验模态分解过程进行了理论推导,证明经验模态分解可以分离出故障特征信号,给出了信号分离的充分条件。将这种方法应用于直升机减速器的两种故障(点蚀和裂纹)振动数据,结果表明经验模态分解正确地分离出了故障特征信号,信号特征更为显著。     

基于EMD的发动机轴承振动冲击故障特征提取

采用经验模式分解方法(EMD),研究了发动机轴承的非平稳振动信号故障特征提取问题.计算机仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性;采用该方法提取了滚动轴承故障振动信号冲击特征,结果表明应用该方法能够准确、有效地获得轴承的冲击损伤特征,并且,经进一步分析,可确定冲击损伤故障失效模式.     

振动分析在滑动轴承故障诊断中的应用

本文介绍了滑动轴承的力学模型,分析了滑动轴承可能出现的故障类型,以及故障特征;利用某涡轮增压器的振动数据,通过分析其振动特征,确定了该涡轮增压器滑动轴承出现的故障,并给出了故障原因,找到了解决方法。实际应用表明,该解决方法是正确、可行的。     

基于机匣信号的滚动轴承故障卷积神经网络诊断方法

针对在滚动轴承故障激励下的机匣微弱故障特征,提出了基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的故障诊断方法。利用矩阵图法、峭度图法以及小波尺度谱法3种振动信号的预处理方法,将一维原始信号转换为图像信号;利用卷积神经网络对故障进行识别。通过比较分析发现:通过连续小波尺度谱更易提取滚动轴承的故障特征,其故障识别率达到95.82%,均高于其他几种振动信号预处理方法;由于卷积神经网络可以利用深层网络结构自适应地提取滚动轴承故障特征,比传统支持向量机(SVM)方法的故障识别率高约7%。结果证明了该方法的有效性与可行性,且具有较好的泛化能力和稳健性。      

主成分分析和支持向量机在无刷直流电机故障诊断中的应用研究

针对无刷直流电机(BLDCM)故障诊断问题,提出一种基于主成分分析(PCA)和支持向量机(SVM)的故障诊断方法。首先对故障时刻无刷直流电机三相电流进行分析,提取故障特征值;再由PCA从提取的故障特征值中选取敏感特征;最后使用SVM对特征值集合进行训练和测试,实现故障诊断与识别。该方法在6种无刷直流电机典型故障中进行了验证,故障诊断准确率高达92%,证实了该方法的有效性。     

某型发动机气流激振故障诊断

针对某型双转子航空发动机发生的气流激振故障,分析了振动机理,通过测试描述了故障特征,最后通过实例分析进行了故障诊断,找到了故障发生的原因.     

基于经验模态分解剩余信号能量特征的滚动轴承故障模式智能识别

针对滚动轴承故障模式识别问题,分析了振动信号的时域特征与经验模态分解剩余信号的能量特征,并将采集的特征一起构成了多域多类别的原始故障特征向量集,同时采用遗传算法对支持向量机径向基核函数参数和惩罚参数进行了寻优,提出了结合经验模态分解剩余信号能量特征的遗传算法优化支持向量机参数的滚动轴承故障模式识别方法。实验表明,给出的故障模式识别方法,对滚动轴承的外圈故障、内圈故障、滚动体故障及正常状态有很好的识别效果,具有较强的实用性,能够为滚动轴承故障的模式识别和智能诊断提供帮助。     

基于时频分析的裂纹转子碰摩故障特征研究

为研究转子系统耦合故障特性,采用有限元方法建立了含有横向裂纹、转静碰摩的非线性转子动力学模型。首先研究了不同转速下裂纹、碰摩单一故障下转子系统的振动响应,其次研究了两种故障耦合情况下系统的振动响应特征。采用波形图、FFT谱图、瞬时频率和Hilbert-Huang时频谱(HHS)相结合的方法对故障转子振动信号进行了分析。分析结果表明:运用多种时频分析相结合的方法可以较为全面地了解转子的故障特征,裂纹转子在1/5、1/3临界转速时会发生较为明显的5X、3X谐波,且裂纹的产生会导致响应幅值增大,从而引起更为严重的碰摩。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.