基于二维资源管理的多功能雷达任务调度算法

动态孔径分割技术为相控阵雷达针对不同任务灵活分配孔径资源提供了可能,而传统的资源调度方法仅基于单一孔径条件研究了时间资源的优化分配问题。针对雷达搜索、跟踪与成像任务的自适应调度问题,提出了一种基于时间-孔径二维资源管理的雷达资源调度算法。该算法建立了雷达孔径分割条件下的二维资源调度模型,确立了能量资源约束条件;利用基于压缩感知的稀疏孔径逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像技术,使雷达在完成目标搜索和跟踪任务的同时实现对目标的成像;定义了调度算法性能的评价指标。在仿真实验中将该算法与另外2种算法进行对比,验证了所提算法在高度成功率、二维资源利用率与任务并行度这3种性能指标上具有优越性。     

一种孔径和频率二维稀疏的步进频SAR成像方法

 步进频率信号(SFWs)在不增加雷达系统瞬时带宽的情况下能够获得高的距离向分辨率的同时,也存在着抗干扰能力较差及其等效重复频率较低的问题,并且在方位向积累时间内由于雷达载机工作状态的变化,会导致方位向的数据录取不完整。针对上述问题,提出一种孔径和频率二维稀疏的步进频合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像方法。首先,分析了稀疏步进频率信号(SSFWs)的SAR成像模型,然后基于压缩感知理论完成距离向成像处理。其次,针对稀疏孔径的回波数据,通过构造成像算子和压缩感知重建模型的方法实现其距离徙动校正和方位压缩处理,进而获得二维成像结果。相比于传统的步进频率信号SAR成像,利用所提方法能够在少量的频率资源和雷达回波数据情况下实现准确的SAR成像。最后,通过对仿真和实测的步进频率雷达数据进行成像处理,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

一种提高距离分辨率的FMCW SAR RD成像算法

调频连续波合成孔径雷达（FMCW SAR）是一种新近提出来的成像雷达体制,它结合调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术,具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点。从频谱的角度进行分析,FMCW SAR的距离分辨率取决于频率测量分辨率。文章研究了一种FMCW SAR高距离分辨率成像算法——利用FFT得到差频信号谱峰的粗略范围,再对这一范围进行ChirpZ变换,从而实现距离高精度估计,并且避免了大的计算量。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

Bistatic Synthetic-Aperture Radar Imaging of Rotating Objects

The imaging properties of a focused radar aperture synthesized by object rotation are considered. The ring-shaped aperture synthesized by the object rotation can provide high-resolution two-dimensional imaging using only monochromatic irradiation. The case of monochromatic irradiation is extended to the polychromatic case and to equivalent bistatic geometries. These techniques offer practical methods for radar imaging of rotating objects with scattering centers visible over large angular extents.     

RFI suppression for ultra wideband radar

An estimate-and-subtract algorithm is presented for the real-time digital suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) in ultrawideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems used for foliage- and ground-penetrating imaging. The algorithm separately processes fixed- and variable-frequency interferers. Excision of estimated targets greatly reduces bias in RFI estimates, thereby reducing target energy loss and sidelobe levels in SAR imagery. Performance is demonstrated on data collected with the Army Research Laboratory's UWB rail SAR.     

结合视线方向运动补偿的滑动聚束SAR子孔径成像算法

滑动聚束合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种新兴的成像模式,既可以提高方位向分辨率又能够扩展成像范围。其数据处理时需要考虑两个关键问题:一是系统脉冲重复频率(PRF)不足,方位向信号发生混叠;二是合成孔径长度的增加使运动误差的影响更为突出,运动补偿(MOCO)精度要求提高。基于子孔径技术,提出了一种改进的高分辨率成像算法。划分子孔径克服了PRF不足的问题;子孔径数据处理采用结合视线(LOS)方向运动补偿的Omega-K算法,实现更高精度的运动补偿,提高了聚焦质量。最终的方位向分辨率达到0.1 m,具有实际工程应用价值。点目标仿真和实测数据处理验证了算法的有效性。     

适用于非合作发射源的合成孔径雷达无源成像方法

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有突出的高分辨率成像能力,在民用和军用领域体现出重要的应用价值。在复杂的作战环境中,提高SAR的电子对抗性能成为SAR技术发展考虑的重要方面。提出一种新的SAR无源成像方法,该成像方法将单部机载SAR接收机或多部机载SAR接收机在不同位置处接收到的回波信号相关,对相关后的信号采用滤波反投影方法进行成像,可重建场景的辐射率。该成像方法不需要已知发射源的波形和位置信息,适用于非合作发射源,具有良好的电子对抗性,并且适用于任意载机飞行轨迹、多基SAR等情形。仿真验证以双基情形为例,验证了该SAR无源成像方法的有效性,并分析了影响成像质量的各关键因素。     

基于压缩感知的MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像

多发多收合成孔径雷达（MIMO-SAR）利用多通道空间并行采样的优势可实现高分辨成像,但不可避免地存在运动误差与海量数据不便于存储与传输的问题。针对该问题提出一种基于压缩感知的MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像方法。首先通过详细分析MIMO-SAR运动误差回波信号模型,在全采样条件下利用两步运动补偿技术实现对回波数据的运动误差补偿处理,其次针对降采样回波数据的运动误差补偿,通过构造变换算子与压缩感知（CS）重构模型的方法实现第1步运动误差补偿、距离脉压以及距离徙动校正处理,然后再进行第2步误差补偿与方位向脉压处理获得成像结果。最后通过仿真实验验证了所提方法能够在大幅压缩回波数据的情况下,实现MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像处理。     

Precision tracking algorithms for ISAR imaging

The simultaneous imaging and tracking of a moving target is one of the most difficult problems in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal processing. The problem is addressed here using a two-antenna imaging radar. The target range shift is sensed with an exponentially averaged envelope correlation algorithm while the angle change is measured with a differential phase shift algorithm. The three state Kalman filters are used in range and azimuth dimensions to provide both a filtered estimate and a one-sample-ahead prediction for the purpose of target tracking. The filtered range shift provides an accurate information for range bin alignment, and the target angle change provides the angular positions of the synthetic array elements. Therefore, the ISAR imaging simply becomes processing of a circular-arc aperture. The algorithms are verified both by computer simulations and also with experimental data processing     

一种改进的FMCW SAR RD成像算法

FMCWSAR将调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术结合于一体,是一种新近被提出来的成像雷达体制,它以其体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点,引起越来越多的关注。然而,在FMCWSAR系统中,雷达连续不断地发射信号,调制信号周期相对较长,停一走（STOP AND GO）近似不再成立,所以要用合适的算法来实现成像。针对FMCW SAR的特点,详细推导了停一走近似失效时FMCW SAR的信号模型及处理过程,提出了一种改进的RD算法。此方法是通过补偿连续运动引入的多普勒频移,消除连续运动的影响。     

Adaptive nulling of SAR sidelobe discretes

By using adaptive subarrays for crossrange imaging we have developed a computationally simple method that removes any image degradation caused by strong, discrete clutter located in the crossrange sidelobes of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. The procedure is based on the minimization of the mean interference power with the constraint that the image of a desired scatterer is undistorted. The applicability of the approach has been illustrated by simulation     

Matrix method synthesis of transmitting antenna for wireless power transmission

The synthesis of the radiating structure of wireless power transmission (WPT) systems has some unique aspects. An important attribute is the efficiency of coupling the radiated energy into the receiving aperture. There are possibilities of improving the WPT by variations of the wave field distribution on the aperture and its configuration too. The matrix method of synthesis of the aforesaid structure is examined.     

Time-frequency approaches to ISAR imaging of maneuvering targetsand their limitations

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of the noncooperative maneuvering target is a challenging task because of its time variant orientation and rotation velocity which cannot be measured accurately. This correspondence investigates the principles of ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets, and proposes an algorithm for application in situations where the maneuverability is not too severe and the Doppler variation of subechoes from scatterers can be approximated as a first-order polynomial. The imaging results obtained by using real data show the effectiveness of the new method     

Improved Global Range Alignment for ISAR

An improved global range alignment is presented for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. The shifts of the echoes are modeled as a polynomial, and the coefficients of this polynomial are chosen to optimize a quality measure of range alignment. The shift in the time domain is carried out by introducing a phase ramp in the frequency domain in order to remove the limitation of integer steps. Because the quality measure of range alignment is calculated directly in the frequency domain, this method is computationally more efficient than the original global method.     

Robust range alignment algorithm via Hough transform in an ISARimaging system

The inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) algorithm for imaging objects moving in a straight line requires range alignment as a preprocessing step since scatterers migrate through the various range bins. The conventional correlation alignment method fails when applied in ground scenarios like an airport due to the clutter environment. A procedure using Hough Transform (HT) alignment is presented which overcomes this disadvantage and provides information for clutter elimination     

SAR imaging of moving targets

A method of forming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of moving targets without using any specific knowledge of the target motion is presented. The new method uses a unique processing kernel that involves a one-dimensional interpolation of the deramped phase history which we call keystone formatting. This preprocessing simultaneously eliminates the effects of linear range migration for all moving targets regardless of their unknown velocity. Step two of the moving target imaging technique involves a two-dimensional focusing of the movers to remove residual quadratic range migration errors. The third and last step removes cubic and higher order defocusing terms. This imaging technique is demonstrated using SAR data collected as part of DARPA's Moving Target Exploitation (MTE) program     

Ion thruster accelerator grid erosion mechanism under extreme conditions of cylindrical erosion and chamfer erosion

In this paper, the abnormal experimental phenomenon on barrel erosion under extreme working conditions in the ultra-long life experiment(>10000 h) of ion thruster ion optics is studied by the Immersed-Finite-Element Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo-Collision(IFE-PIC-MCC) method and the grid erosion evaluation model. The transport process of beam ions and Charge Exchange(CEX) ions in the grid system, and the characteristics and mechanisms of the aperture barrel erosion under extreme erosion condit...     

ISAR非平稳目标成像时间和转速联合估计方法

针对逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)非平稳目标成像,提出基于两特显点相位联合估计成像时间和转速的方法,并得到了转速与相位斜率差(PSD)的解析表达式.首先,基于两个特显点距离单元估计目标转动相位,根据不同时间段转动相位线性度(PLD)选择成像时间.其次,在适合成像的时间段,将成像时间等分成两段,分别提取两段时间内转动相位的斜...     

Autofocusing of ISAR images based on entropy minimization

A novel autofocusing technique is developed for random translational motion compensation in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of objects. This technique is based on an entropy minimization principle and validated via a nonparametric estimation method. Images of a simulation and a real flying aircraft are used for illustration. Images of encouraging quality confirm the feasibility of autofocusing the radar images by just the requirement of minimizing the image entropy     

Synthetic aperture beamformer for imaging through a dielectric wall

A coarray-based aperture synthesis scheme using subarrays and postdata acquisition beamforming is presented for through-the-wall wideband microwave imaging applications. The wall causes wave refraction and a change in the propagation speed, both effects alter the travel time between the transmitter, the target, and the receiver. Coherent combining of the pulse waveforms emitted by the different transmitters and incident at the receivers through reflections from targets and clutter requires incorporation of wall effects into the beamformer design. Simulation results verifying the proposed synthetic aperture technique for a through-the-wall imaging (TWI) system are presented. The impact of the wall ambiguities or incorrect estimates of the wall parameters, such as thickness and dielectric constant, on performance is considered.