冷镜式露点仪测量精度影响因素分析

介绍了冷镜式露点仪的原理,分析了露点仪测量中的影响因素,针对开尔文效应推导了开尔文方程,通过计算的方法,验证了开尔文效应的影响大小。此外,还分析了乌拉尔效应和过冷水形成过程及原理,并提出了减小这些影响的措施和方法。     

高可靠性航空电子设备热分析中的有限体积法

阐述了热对系统可靠性的影响,对比了数值法求解温度场分布的优缺点.针对航空电子设备热分析中同时要求满足高的分析精度和快的计算速度的问题,提出用有限体积法求解温度场分布的计算方法.根据典型航空电子设备的结构特点,建立了温度场的数学模型,给出了边界条件.在此基础上,用有限体积法对待求解方程离散化,给出了离散化过程中网格划分及边界的处理方法.结合实例进行了温度场求解,计算结果与热测量结果进行了对比,得到了较高的分析精度,验证了方法的有效性.最后对计算误差进行了分析,并提出了进一步热设计的合理化建议.      

未来20年的太阳系探索（上）

1引言 1959年1月2日,苏联发射了月球-1月球探测器,月球-1成功飞到月球附近,开创了人类太阳系探索的新纪元。到目前为止,人类已经实现了飞越、环绕、着陆（包括硬着陆、软着陆与巡视车）、取样返回和载人探测（只在月球上实现了）等多种探测方式。50年的太阳系探索取得了许多突破性的成果,极大地加深了人类对太阳系的认识,同时也推动了空间技术的发展。现在,探索太阳系已经不是少数几个国家的行为,越来越多的国家和地区具有了独立探索太阳系的经济和技术基础,并制定了未来的探索计划。     

宽频带中频相位计的研制

比较全面地介绍了-宽带中频相位计的研制过程。论述了相位计的工作原理,给出了系统框图。对各个部件的设计做了介绍,并给出了相位计所达到的技术指标。还介绍了系统测试方法和检定方法,对系统的误差做了分析,并给出了理论计算误差与实测误差的对应关系,提出了今后的进一步设想。     

计算机电磁泄漏测试及防护措施

论述了计算机电磁泄漏的危害及测试的意义,介绍了测试系统的组成,对某国产微型计算机进行了测试,并对其测试数据进行了分析,提出了行之有效的防护措施。     

新一代运载火箭姿态控制技术

开展了新一代运载火箭姿态控制设计技术研究,推导了工程适用的姿态动力学模型,基于牛顿-欧拉法建立了刚体质心和绕质心运动方程、液体晃动方程,基于有限元方法建立了火箭弹性振动方程,弹性运动方程基于空间模态,反映了横向、纵向、扭转与助推器局部模态对火箭的姿态与载荷的影响.基于空间模态的姿态动力学模型研究了姿控系统设计方法,给出了工程适用的姿控系统设计方法.开展了容错重构技术研究,分析了伺服机构故障对姿控系统的影响,为提高运载火箭的飞行可靠性和抗故障能力奠定了基础.对主动减载技术进行了研究,能够对高空风产生的气动载荷进行主动抑制,放宽了发射条件,对新一代捆绑运载火箭姿控系统的设计具有重要的借鉴意义.     

具有载荷扰动抑制的卫星姿态控制方法及验证

针对载荷转动对星体产生的呈周期变化的干扰,开展了干扰抑制方法研究。利用干扰的周期特性,基于李亚普诺夫原理设计了参数未知的周期干扰力矩的辨识算法,实现了卫星姿态的自适应控制。最后进行了物理仿真试验,利用真实的星载计算机和控制部件,在气浮台上进行了试验验证,结果表明,算法有效地抑制了载荷转动的干扰,卫星的姿态稳定度提高了50%,且算法简单,易于星上软件实现。     

可修复系统故障率分析

考虑维修对可修复系统可靠性的影响,提出了可修复系统故障率的概念及其分析模型,并对其进行了定义与量化.同时论述了它与无维修情况下的故障率和故障强度函数之间的关系.在此基础上,分析了可修复系统常见维修模型下故障率的变化规律,导出了计算公式,给出了变化趋势图,得出了可修复系统故障率分析的一般方法.      

临近空间飞艇外形优化设计与仿真

以临近空间飞艇为对象,针对传统外形设计方法中存在的问题,提出了新的优化设计方法,搭建了流程框架,编制了优化程序。首先研究了遗传算法及多学科设计理论,进而在此基础上建立了飞艇阻力、体面比、应力模型,利用多学科设计理念对飞艇气动、结构、强度进行了一体化设计。其次将遗传算法引入到优化设计当中,并利用Matlab和Fluent开展了联合仿真研究。最后结合实际应用需求进行了算例分析,验证了该方法的可行性和效果。     

日本通过《宇宙基本法》为军事航天铺路

继日本自卫队突破<和平宪法>的限制走出国门后,日本又为航天军事化铺平了道路.5月13日和21日,日本众议院和参议院先后通过了<宇宙基本法>.该法案的通过,打破了日本在这一领域近40年的立法限制,彻底改变了日本原先一直主张的和平利用太空的政策,为日本开发军事航天技术扫清了障碍,也进一步扩大了日本防卫省的权力范围.     

航空发动机空中停车率的优化

提出了民用航空发动机空中停车率与维修成本控制的优化决策方法.以空中停车损失期望作为间接营运成本指标,以维修成本与间接营运成本之和最小为优化目标,建立了确定最优空中停车率的数学规划方法,并给出了空中停车率与维修成本优化控制的简化方法.本文所提供的优化决策方法对航空公司进行在翼航空发动机的任务可靠性水平与维修费用控制决策有参考价值.     

投放激光制导炸弹的战术研究

对攻击机本机照射激光束、投放激光制导炸弹的战术进行研究,即攻击机本机照射激光束、采用机翼非水平转弯投放方式投放激光制导炸弹、转弯退出的战术.其关键点在于攻击机采用转弯退出战术把激光束连续地照射目标的战术要求和退出意图二者融合.该战术由于采用机动投放和曲线退出战术方式,能够大大提高攻击机的生存力.采用简化的攻击机质点模型,通过对攻击机转弯退出过程的分析,给出采用转弯退出战术的具体条件.投放激光制导炸弹任务过程的数学仿真结果表明,所给出的条件能够满足攻击机本机照射激光束、投放激光制导炸弹、转弯退出的战术要求.      

Improvements in the re-flight of spaceflight experiments on plant tropisms

In order to effectively study phototropism, the directed growth in response to light, we performed a series of experiments in microgravity to better understand light response without the “complications” of a 1-g stimulus. These experiments were named TROPI (for tropisms) and were performed on the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS), a laboratory facility on the International Space Station (ISS). TROPI-1 was performed in 2006, and while it was a successful experiment, there were a number of technical difficulties. We had the opportunity to perform TROPI-2 in 2010 and were able to optimize experimental conditions as well as to extend the studies of phototropism to fractional gravity created by the EMCS centrifuge. This paper focuses on how the technical improvements in TROPI-2 allowed for a better experiment with increased scientific return. Major modifications in TROPI-2 compared to TROPI-1 included the use of spaceflight hardware that was off-gassed for a longer period and reduced seed storage (less than 2 months) in hardware. These changes resulted in increased seed germination and more vigorous growth of seedlings. While phototropism in response to red illumination was observed in hypocotyls of seedlings grown in microgravity during TROPI-1, there was a greater magnitude of red-light-based phototropic curvature in TROPI-2. Direct downlinking of digital images from the ISS in TROPI-2, rather than the use of analog tapes in TROPI-1, resulted in better quality images and simplified data analyses. In TROPI-2, improved cryo-procedures and the use of the GLACIER freezer during transport of samples back to Earth maintained the low temperature necessary to obtain good-quality RNA required for use in gene profiling studies.     

Growth of hydrodynamic perturbations in accretion disks: Possible route to non-magnetic turbulence

We study the possible origin of hydrodynamic turbulence in cold accretion disks such as those in star-forming systems and quiescent cataclysmic variables. As these systems are expected to have neutral gas, the turbulent viscosity is likely to be hydrodynamic in origin, not magnetohydrodynamic. Therefore, MRI will be sluggish or even absent in such disks. Although there are no exponentially growing eigenmodes in a hydrodynamic disk because of the non-normal nature of the eigenmodes, a large transient growth in the energy is still possible, which may enable the system to switch to a turbulent state. For a Keplerian disk, we estimate that the energy will grow by a factor of 1000 for a Reynolds number close to a million.     

基于双力源的叠加式多维力传感器校准装置研究CSCD

介绍了一种基于叠加机原理的双力源多维力传感器校准装置的设计与研制,对装置的测量不确定度进行了分析,通过对三分量力传感器的校准实验,证明了校准装置不仅可以对多分量力传感器进行单分量校准,还能方便地实现耦合误差的校准。     

面向网络化制造的数控车间组织模式

分析了网络化制造的基本特征和内涵,提出了面向企业的网络化制造系统运行模式;在对某大型航空制造企业的数控车间调研与应用实施的基础上,针对其组织模式存在问题,采用分行企业和独立制造岛的思想建立了适合数控车间网络化、敏捷化制造的分形组织模型;针对车间原有生产模式、产品特性,提出了基于成组技术的数控车间生产单元和生产线的划分方法,建立了面向产品流程的机构组成规则和车间内部的服务支援规则.该模型、方法、原则对传统的离散制造企业具有普遍的适用性,现已成功地被该数控车间采纳.     

Science operations planning expertise: A neglected component of mission design

In this paper, Science Operations Planning Expertise (SOPE) is defined as the expertise that is held by people who have the two following qualities. First they have both theoretical and practical experience in operations planning, in general, and in space science operations planning in particular. Second, they can be used, on request and at least, to provide with advice the teams that design and implement science operations systems in order to optimise the performance and productivity of the mission. However, the relevance and use of such SOPE early on during the Mission Design Phase (MDP) is not sufficiently recognised. As a result, science operations planning is often neglected or poorly assessed during the mission definition phases. This can result in mission architectures that are not optimum in terms of cost and scientific returns, particularly for missions that require a significant amount of science operations planning. Consequently, science operations planning difficulties and cost underestimations are often realised only when it is too late to design and implement the most appropriate solutions. In addition, higher costs can potentially reduce both the number of new missions and the chances of existing ones to be extended. Moreover, the quality, and subsequently efficiency, of SOPE can vary greatly. This is why we also believe that the best possible type of SOPE requires a structure similar to the ones of existing bodies of expertise dedicated to the data processing such as the International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) or the Planetary Data System (PDS). Indeed, this is the only way of efficiently identifying science operations planning issues and their solutions as well as of keeping track of them in order to apply them to new missions. Therefore, this paper advocates for the need to allocate resources in order to both optimise the use of SOPE early on during the MDP and to perform, at least, a feasibility study of such a more structured SOPE.     

The Big Pine Creek watershed and climate change: A trend analysis of Landsat surface reflectance and PRISM datasets over the last 3 decades

Recent variations in normal meteorological conditions indicate the earth’s climate is changing in ways that may impact delicate ecological balances in sensitive regions. Identifying how those changes are affecting the biosphere is essential if we are going to be able to adapt to those changes and to potentially mitigate their harmful consequences. This paper presents a time series study of an alpine ecosystem in the Big Pine Creek watershed in California’s Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountain’s. Raw Landsat data covering the years 1984 through 2011 is converted to observed surface reflectance and analyzed for trends that would indicate a change in the ecosystem. We found that over the time period of the study, observed surface reflectance shows a general decline across the spectrum while our analysis of environmental data demonstrates statistically significant increases in temperatures. While declining reflectance in the visible and short wave bands are indicators of increased surface cover, the fact that the IR band also shows declines is consistent with a decline in tree density. This study provides a useful insight into the ecological response of the Big Pine Creek watershed to recent climate change. These findings suggest that alpine ecosystems are particularly sensitive to increasing temperatures. If these results are replicated in other alpine watersheds it will demonstrate that the biosphere is already showing the effects of a warmer environment.     

Fostering research aptitude among high school students through space weather competition

Cultivating research culture at an early stage is important for capacity building in a community. The high school level is the appropriate stage for research to be introduced because of students’ competitive nature. Participation in the space weather competition is one of the ways in which research aptitude can be fostered in high school students in Malaysia. Accordingly, this paper presents how research elements were introduced to the students at the high school level through their participation in the space weather competition. The competition required the students to build a system to detect the presence of solar flares by utilizing VLF signals reflected from the ionosphere. The space weather competition started off with proposal writing for the space weather related project where the students were required to execute extensive literature review on the given topic. Additionally, the students were also required to conduct the experiments and analyse the data. Results obtained from data analysis were then validated by the students through various other observations that they had to carry out. At the end of the competition, students were expected to write a comprehensive technical report. Through this competition, the students learnt how to conduct research in accordance to the guidelines provided through the step by step approach exposed to them. Ultimately, this project revealed that the students were able to conduct research on their own with minimal guidance and that participation in the competition not only generated enjoyment in learning but also their interest in science and research.     

Kinetic theory of sheath formation in solar wind plasma

We present a general self-consistent kinetic theory for plasma sheath formation in solar wind plasma. The theory could be applied to anisotropic, as well as to isotropic collisionless plasma without resorting to any simplifications, limitations, or assumptions, such as the necessary existence of a ‘pre-sheath’ region of ions acceleration to ensure the Bohm criterion. The kinetic framework is first applied to sheath formation around an arbitrary oriented planar absorbing surface, charged by solar wind anisotropic plasma, under the condition of negligible photoelectric effect. We then make use of our kinetic approach for the plane geometry in isotropic collisionless plasma, as a particular case of a planar electrode orientation parallel to plasma streaming velocity, also analyzing the sheath structure around spherical and cylindrical absorbing electrodes submerged in isotropic collisionless plasma. Obtained results demonstrate principal differences in spatial charge distributions in sheath regions between spherical or cylindrical electrodes of large size and an unbound planar surface submerged in isotropic plasma. In the case of a planar electrode, we directly compare results obtained in our kinetic and hydrodynamic theories and conventional hydrodynamic theory of plasma sheath formation. The outcome from the present study have direct implications to the analysis of plasma sheath structure and associated distribution in space of charged dust grains, which is relevant to the moon exploration near the optical terminator region or in shadowed craters in the moon.