拦阻钩触舰反弹动态分析及缓冲性能研究

首先建立了舰载机滚转时拦阻钩触舰碰撞和反弹过程的动力学模型。讨论了碰撞过程中飞机滚转角、下滑角的影响,分析了反弹过程中,拦阻钩缓冲器初始充气压力和油液阻尼孔大小对缓冲性能的影响。结果表明,随着滚转角的增大,拦阻钩横向受力骤增;随着飞机下滑角的增大,其弹起角速度和所受冲量呈线性增加。缓冲器油孔的缩小和充气压力的增大能减小拦阻钩的弹起高度和回落时间,改善其拦阻性能。     

舰载飞机着舰时拦阻钩碰撞反弹动力学分析

为了解舰载飞机着舰时拦阻钩碰撞甲板后被反弹的动力学性能,以某舰载飞机为研究对象,建立了全机着舰动力学模型和拦阻钩碰撞甲板的碰撞模型,进行了全机着舰动力学仿真,通过拦阻钩碰撞反弹试验对碰撞模型进行修正,得到了更加准确的碰撞模型。将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究了甲板涂层、俯仰角、航向速度、下沉速度和拦阻钩阻尼器参数对拦阻钩反弹动力学性能的影响。结果表明:航向速度对反弹高度和碰撞力几乎没有影响;随着下沉速度和俯仰角的增加,反弹高度和碰撞力也增加;拦阻钩阻尼器参数的变化不会影响碰撞力,但是对反弹动力学性能会产生明显的影响。     

拦阻钩初次碰撞道面反弹动力学

分析了飞机着舰拦阻时,拦阻钩初次接触道面碰撞后被反弹的动力学成因,建立了飞机拦阻钩碰撞道面的弹跳模型。研究了下滑轨迹角和甲板角对拦阻钩碰撞反弹角速度和拦阻钩所受冲量的影响,并分别考虑了航母俯仰运动和甲板凸起物对拦阻钩碰撞反弹性能的影响。结果表明：轨迹角约4°时,拦阻钩反弹角速度和其所受冲量随下滑轨迹角呈线性变化;反弹角速度与甲板角的余弦成反比,道面冲量与甲板角余弦的平方成反比;航母向上的俯仰运动和甲板凸起物增大了拦阻钩反弹角速度,凸起物达到一定角度时,机身推拦阻钩的冲量变为拉拦阻钩的冲量。该模型的结果为机身和拦阻钩装置的设计提供了重要依据。     

飞机拦阻钩碰撞动力学和拦阻钩纵向阻尼器性能

 在考虑舰载机降落平台纵摇和横摇的基础上,建立了飞机拦阻钩六自由度碰撞反弹模型,得到了拦阻钩接触道面后反弹的动力学性能。分析了航母纵摇和横摇下拦阻钩碰撞反弹成因,并分别考虑了纵摇角和横摇角对拦阻钩反弹角速度及机身与道面给予拦阻钩碰撞冲量的影响;研究了拦阻钩碰撞后的反弹位移,在考虑拦阻索能顺利上钩的前提下,分析了拦阻钩纵向阻尼器的缓冲阻尼特性。结果表明：因航母横摇,碰撞后拦阻钩出现了左右的反转角速度及碰撞冲量;拦阻钩反弹后在自身重力作用下不能使拦阻索顺利上钩,在加入纵向阻尼器情况下,拦阻钩第1次反弹高度及回落时间均满足拦阻索上钩的条件。     

偏航状态下拦阻钩挂索动力学分析

为了使舰载机能安全顺利地在舰上回收,分析了飞机着舰拦阻时,拦阻钩撞击甲板悬索后钩组件上转的动力学成因。在考虑弯折波的基础上,分析了飞机在偏航着舰时拦阻钩发生横向摆动的成因,建立了偏航着舰时拦阻钩上转和横摆动力学模型。研究了偏航角和钩索之间的摩擦系数对拦阻钩横向摆动的影响,并考虑了轮胎压索以及钩臂与铰接点轨迹之间的初始夹角对拦阻钩上转性能的影响。结果表明:因偏航着舰,挂索后拦阻钩上转过程中出现了横向运动;横向运动的最大摆角随偏航角和摩擦系数的增大而增大;轮胎压索导致悬索弹起,拦阻钩到达时,悬索的高度对拦阻钩上转运动没有明显的影响,但是悬索过高会使拦阻钩有弹跳脱钩的危险。     

某型无人机主起落架缓冲器设计及仿真分析

根据某型无人机总体方案的设计要求在初步设计出的起落架缓冲器结构与缓冲器主要初始充填参数的基础上,利用MSC公司开发的虚拟样机技术软件ADAMS建立起该型号无人机的主起落架缓冲器数值模型,对模型进行了仿真分析,将仿真结果与经验公式计算值进行比较,两者一致性较好,表明模型建立比较准确。接着依据缓冲器优化准则通过仿真测试对影响起落架缓冲性能较大的阻尼油孔进行优化设计,在有效提高缓冲器缓冲效率的基础上,得到了最佳的阻尼油孔面积。为我国在无人机起落架设计中应用虚拟样机技术提供了方法参考。     

飞机支柱式起落架落震仿真及缓冲器优化分析

主要介绍支柱式起落架缓冲器的各个参数,包括缓冲支柱的初压力、初容积、油孔面积、活塞面积、缓冲支柱行程等。介绍起落架落震时缓冲器轴向载荷的计算公式。结合具体飞机型号利用初始参数通过AD-AMS软件建立数值模型并进行仿真分析,计算结果与试验结果比较,发现两者具有较好的一致性。最后以起落架缓冲器的油孔面积作为设计参数进行优化分析,给出最优值。     

超声速流动中底部排气形式对减阻性能的影响

为了研究超声速流动中底部排气减阻技术,采用AUSMPW+迎风格式、k-ω剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型、8组分12反应化学动力学模型和二阶矩湍流燃烧模型求解三维带化学反应的Navier-Stokes方程。数值研究了超声速流动中底部排气流场,分析了底部排气形式对底部流场和减阻特性的影响规律和机理。计算结果表明:从减阻性能来看,随着排气参数的增大,采用边缘型排气得到的底压比呈增大趋势,而采用中心型排气得到的底压比呈先增大后减小的趋势;从流场结构来看,随着排气参数的增大,采用中心型排气的流场结构发生较大变化,前、后滞止点位置发生明显改变以至最后消失,初始回流区逐渐被后推以至消失,而采用边缘型排气的流场结构基本无重大变化,前滞止点位置始终不变,后滞止点位置后移,初始回流区始终存在。该文研究可为底排技术的工程应用提供参考。     

超临界环境下煤油替代物液滴燃烧特性数值研究

为研究液氧/煤油火箭发动机燃烧室内经喷注形成的煤油液滴的燃烧过程,基于实际气体状态方程、高压热物性修正、高压气液平衡和详细化学反应动力学,建立一维的全瞬态液滴燃烧模型,对超临界环境下两组分煤油替代物液滴的燃烧特性及液滴初始直径的影响进行仿真研究。结果表明,在超临界环境下,相比于煤油液滴纯蒸发过程,煤油液滴燃烧过程的迁移时刻大大提前;煤油液滴着火之后很快进入超临界燃烧阶段,此时液滴燃烧过程可以看成中心附近的燃料高浓度区与外侧氧气高浓度区之间的扩散燃烧过程;煤油液滴的火焰半径先增大,达到最大值之后开始减小,并减小为零,火焰温度在着火之后快速上升至最大值,并基本保持不变,在火焰半径减小为零之后开始降低;随着液滴初始直径的增大,火焰特性以及液滴中心参数变化曲线趋势不变、整体延迟,着火时间、迁移时间和液滴寿命增大。     

舰载飞机着舰拦阻动力学研究综述简

 拦阻着舰过程通常被认为是舰载飞机事故率最高的阶段,因此,自从有了航空母舰和舰载飞机,拦阻着舰动力学就一直是国内外相关研究人员的研究热点。本文从拦阻钩、拦阻装置和起落架3个关键部件着手,比较详细地论述了舰载飞机着舰拦阻涉及到的关键动力学问题及其研究现状,重点对拦阻钩弹跳动力学及其载荷分析、拦阻索动力学及其载荷分析、下沉速度、非对称拦阻对起落架载荷的影响、拦阻系统动力学等方面进行了综述。最后,对着舰拦阻动力学研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Reliability analysis of arresting hook engaging arresting cable for carrier-based aircraft influenced by multifactors

The carrier-based aircraft landing and arrest process is complex and nonlinear, and includes the coupling effect between the aircraft and arresting system. It has many uncertain factors, which lead to difficulty in the reliability analysis. To make the reliability analysis more accurate and effective, this paper presents some studies. Taking a certain type of carrier-based aircraft as the research object, a dynamic model of the landing and arrest cable was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified using laboratory test results. Based on the model, this paper shows how the key parameters, including the sinking velocity, pitch angle and horizontal velocity, affect the collision rebound performance of the arresting hook. After that, a limit state equation of the arresting hook system’s reliability was established. For the implicit limit state equation, a surrogate model of the reliability of the arresting hook was established using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, and then reliability analysis was carried out using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, it was explained in detail how the key parameters affect the reliability of the hook engaging the arresting cable, and some meaningful conclusions were obtained. This analysis method and its results can provide a reference for the top-level parameter design of carrier-based aircraft and reliability research on the arresting systems.     

飞机拦阻索动态特性研究

 为了分析飞机拦阻索在拦阻过程中复杂的动态特性,将拦阻索视为空间柔性钢索,液压吸能系统和缓冲系统经过线性拟合,作为传动索的约束条件,通过具有弹性和阻尼特性的梁单元加载在拦阻系统模型中,同时考虑了柔性钢索与刚性支撑体之间的接触碰撞作用,在有限元分析软件LS_DYNA中建立了拦阻系统的碰撞动力学模型,并进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,飞机尾钩挂索后,在拦阻索与甲板滑轮之间存在连续震荡衰减的应力波,当来自于甲板滑轮的初次反射波到达钩索啮合点时,拦阻力达到极值。     

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity. At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.     

Cage slip characteristics of a cylindrical roller bearing with a trilobe-raceway

Based on dynamic analysis of rolling bearings, the nonlinear dynamic differential equations of a cylindrical roller bearing with a trilobe-raceway were established and solved by the GSTIFF (gear stiff) integer algorithm with a variable step. The influences of structural parameters and the tolerance of the trilobe-raceway, working conditions of the bearing, and the outer ring installation method on cage slip characteristics were investigated. The results show that: (i) The cage slip ratio and bearing rating life of a cylindrical roller bearing with a trilobe-raceway would reduce when the low-radius (radius of the outer raceway contour at the lowest point) and D-value (difference value between the high and low points of the outer raceway contour) decrease, and the former (low-radius) contributes more significantly. (ii) The cage slip ratio of a cylindrical roller bearing with a trilobe-raceway rises with the increase of the bearing speed, and decreases with the increase of the radial force; the variation range increases with the increase of the low-radius. (iii) When the installation angle of the outer ring increases in a period, the cage slip ratio remains unchanged while the bearing rating life rises up a little. Therefore, when installing a cylindrical roller bearing with a trilobe-raceway, the location of the maximum radius shall be under that of the radial force to improve the bearing rating life. (iv) With the increase of the roundness of the base circle where the radius of the lowest points of the trilobe-raceway contour locates, the cage slip ratio rises gradually and the bearing rating life decreases.     

基于离散元的粉末燃料输送弯管两相流特性研究

弯管是粉末燃料冲压发动机燃料输送系统的重要组成部分,为了研究弯管内气固两相流的流场结构、颗粒碰撞以及压力损失的变化规律,基于连续相-离散元（CFD-DEM）耦合模型,考虑颗粒的碰撞受力和弹塑性形变,对铝粉在弯管内的流动状况进行数值仿真。研究结果表明：CFD-DEM算法相对于传统的双流体模型和轨道法,能更为准确地描述颗粒流的碰撞信息和两相流的流动状况。弯管内的总压损失随流化气流量的增加,呈先减少再增加的趋势,在本文研究的条件下,优选的流化气流量为6g/s~7g/s(流化气速度为3.0m/s~3.5m/s);在低流速下,颗粒间的碰撞次数远大于颗粒-壁面间的碰撞,随着流速的增高,颗粒与外侧壁面间的碰撞次数迅速增高,并导致颗粒-壁面间的碰撞次数超过颗粒间的碰撞。弯管的弯径越大,弯管内的总压损失越大,但颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-壁面的碰撞次数均减少。     

计及弯折波的舰载机拦阻过程控制

为验证拦阻索中应力的传播对拦阻过程的影响,研究了计及弯折波的舰载机拦阻过程的比例-积分-微分(PID)控制问题.先以液压阻尼力作为拦阻过程的控制输入建立了无弯折波的理想拦阻过程动力学模型,再依据拦阻过程中需要保持拦阻钩载为常值的要求,借助最优控制方法获得了一组理想轨迹.然后详细分析了拦阻索中弯折波在甲板滑轮与钩-索啮合...     

基于飞行参数的舰载机拦阻力统计建模与预计

拦阻钩是舰载飞机最重要的特征部件之一，对其受载进行测量、统计建模与预计具有重要的工程意义。在飞机拦阻动力学分析基础上确定了飞行数据统计建模所需的关键参数，结合某型机载荷试飞、机舰适配性试验，实测研究了飞机拦阻实际受载特点，采用线性或非线性方法统计建立了最大拦阻力与常规飞行参数之间的拟合函数关系，并得到了最大拦阻力的预计模型。建模、验模与预计结果表明，所选关键参数合理，能够充分反映拦阻钩的受载及其主要影响因素，采用纵向过载、啮合速度和发动机高压转速等参数建立的拦阻载荷统计模型可用于拦阻着陆或着舰试验时最大拦阻力的有效预测。