共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 781 毫秒
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星表移动探测机器人是多学科、高新技术的结晶,用于非结构化环境中的星球表面探测,能有效减轻人类工作强度、保护人身安全以及代替人类完成恶劣环境下的科研探测工作,有着巨大的经济和社会效益。本文对已发射的探测器进行了统计,系统梳理了成功着陆月球、火星的探测机器人的技术参数、结构与机构组成等,综合对比了各国在星表移动探测机器人研制方面的技术状态。结合国内外的研究现状和成果,重点针对星表移动探测机器人移动系统的研究进行了梳理,将星表移动探测机器人从运动形式上划分为轮式、腿式、履带式及其他类型4种形式,对每类机器人的研究进展、技术参数、结构与机构形式、运动形态等进行了系统回顾和详细分析。结合星表移动探测机器人面临的探测任务及发展方向,对星表移动探测机器人未来发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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天问一号在国际上首次通过一次任务实现火星环绕、着陆、巡视的3大目标,突破了多项关键技术。本文介绍了天问一号的任务概况和飞行进展,全面总结了任务取得的8类创新成就和突破的主要关键技术。具体包括:火星环绕、着陆、巡视3大任务强耦合的总体设计、多弹道地球逃逸轨道发射、行星际飞行与火星捕获控制、火星进入下降着陆、火星表面恶劣环境应对、4亿千米远距离测控通信、遥感与巡视探测先进载荷、火星环境建模与地面验证试验。天问一号任务取得圆满成功,使得中国在深空探测领域一举进入世界先进行列。 相似文献
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随着火星着陆探测任务的不断推进,火星采样返回、载人登陆火星和火星基地等任务要求能将更大、更重的探测器着陆到火星表面,这就需要在火星大气进入阶段进行高效减速。基于以往成功的火星着陆探测任务,首先系统地回顾了火星进入段气动减速技术的发展历史;然后,结合火星进入过程的特点阐述了火星进入段减速设计的必要性及其面临的挑战;接着,系统地总结了充气式气动减速器、可展开式气动减速器和超声速反推减速器的系统构成和研究进展;最后,对这3种减速器技术的未来发展方向和亟待解决的关键问题进行了比较全面的分析和展望。 相似文献
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嫦娥探测器分段渐倾转移机构设计 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
巡视探测器转移机构是在地外空间环境执行巡视探测器转移释放任务的空间机构。与美国、苏联转移任务不同,中国探月工程(CLEP)二期着陆器采用腿式着陆缓冲机构及巡视器顶部搭载方式,转移任务沿着陆器周向展开距离及巡视器释放高度增加,转移难度增大。在设计阶段,转移机构是否符合探测任务严苛的工程约束及设计指标;在执行阶段,转移机构能否在月面非确知环境下正常展开、转移过程是否稳定可靠,是嫦娥探测器顺利完成探测任务的关键。为保障月球后续任务及火星探测任务中转移机构的设计需要,根据巡视器转移系统特点,以探月二期工程中首次探索并成功自主设计定型的嫦娥分段渐倾转移机构为例,对巡视器转移系统的组成、任务需求及设计约束予以阐述,并结合参研人员经验,对机构研制方案的选取、关键环节设计、工程状态及任务验证情况进行说明,以为后续工作及相关工程提供参考。 相似文献
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针对深空探测中(尤其是月球、火星和小行星探测)大型着陆探测器对小型移动机器人作为重要科学载荷的需求,综述了国内外小型星表探测机器人领域的发展现状,着重介绍了面向月球探测、火星探测和小行星探测的代表性小型机器人的任务需求、基本构型和样机测试情况。在系统总结小型星表探测机器人关键技术及发展趋势的基础上,提出了未来中国在该领域发展、完善的建议。分析表明:月球探测的高研究价值区域多位于崎岖地形中,体积小、运动性能强的轮式、足式机器人受到广泛关注,日本、英国、瑞士等国家已提出多种小型机器人概念,并研发原理样机进行测试试验;针对火星等存在稀薄大气层的星体探测,定位于配置组件的旋翼式无人机已成为国内外关注和研制的重点之一,同时面向特殊极端地形探测的小型轮式、翻滚式机器人也进入到原理样机测试阶段,美国在这些领域均保持突出优势;针对小行星等小质量、弱引力天体探测,小型翻滚式机器人成为其着陆探测的主流,美国开展了原理样机设计与试验,日本通过"隼鸟2号"任务已成功实现在轨应用。 相似文献
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大推力着陆发动机高温热防护技术对火星着陆任务安全至关重要。基于多级热辐射反射结构的常规发动机高温隔热屏在火星大气环境中使用时,因内部气体换热导致隔热性能显著衰减。为解决这一问题研发了一种基于气凝胶隔热材料的新型发动机热防护装置。根据火星探测工程任务服役环境防隔热需求,建立了考虑低压气氛与高温热流边界影响的瞬态传热模型,开展了新型隔热系统的外形锥度、隔热层厚度等关键结构参数的优化设计,通过三维瞬态仿真分析及与发动机联合试车地面试验验证了设计有效性。气凝胶热防护装置成功应用于天问一号火星着陆巡视器,实现了对着陆发动机1 500℃超高温的有效屏蔽。对在轨遥测数据进行反演分析,提出了基于气凝胶材料的高温隔热设计的优化改进方向。 相似文献
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Alena R. Gilbaugh B. Glass B. Braham S.P. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2001,16(11):4-11
Future human missions to Mars will require effective communications supporting exploration activities and scientific field data collection. Constraints on cost, size, weight, and power consumption for all communications equipment make optimization of these systems very important. These information and communication systems connect people and systems together into coherent teams performing the difficult and hazardous tasks inherent in planetary exploration. The communication network supporting vehicle telemetry data, mission operations, and scientific collaboration must have excellent reliability and flexibility. We propose hybrid communication architectures consisting of space-based links, a surface-based deployable mid-range communications network and a cluster of short-range links to solve the problems of connectivity and bandwidth, while meeting the other constraints of weight and power. A network of orbiting satellites could cover much of the planet surface, but this space-based capability may not be optimal for cost or performance. Specifically, a minimal space-based capability can be augmented using mobile cellular repeaters deployable by robots and human EVA. This method results in an increase in the number of radio nodes, but the distances separating them is decreased. This results in a significant increase in bandwidth and decrease in radio power, and therefore, node size, complexity, and power consumption. This paper will discuss the results of field testing such hybrid radio systems for the support of scientific surveys. System analysis of design tradeoffs will yield insight into optimal solutions that will be compared to other approaches providing a method of effectively evaluating new candidate architectures 相似文献
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嫦娥三号巡视器的惯导与视觉组合定姿定位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对“嫦娥三号”的“玉兔号”巡视器在月面未知环境中避障与安全行进的要求,分析和阐述了“玉兔号”巡视器在地面遥操作中心的控制下利用惯导和视觉组合进行月面导航与精确定位的实现方法,并结合现有的导航定位研究对“玉兔号”巡视器导航与定位的工程创新性进行了总结,阐明了惯导定位和视觉定位技术在“玉兔号”巡视器月面探测过程中的工程应用特点.最后,通过“玉兔号”巡视器着月点的精确定位实验,验证惯导和视觉相结合的定位方法的有效性,定位精度近似达到总行驶里程的1%,这对“玉兔号”巡视器开展月面探索和准确抵达科学目标位置具有重要作用. 相似文献
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Raymond L. Heacock 《Space Science Reviews》1968,8(2):214-257
Conclusion The lunar photography missions have included flyby, impacter, lander, and orbiter spacecrafts. These missions have provided photographs of the far side of the moon and a ten-fold increase in frontside resolution plus higher resolution of selected frontside areas. The resolutions which have been achieved vary from 1 m for the Lunar Orbiter to 1/2 m for the impacting Ranger to millimeters for Luna-IX and the Surveyors. The return from these missions have resolved much of the mystery surrounding the moon.The prime objective of the U.S. photographic missions has been the support of the Apollo-manned lunar landing program. The Ranger program, the Surveyor program, and the Lunar Orbiter program provided a logical progression in the utilization of a developing space exploration technology. These programs have provided the required information and have confirmed that the Apollo landing vehicle design is compatible with the conditions to be experienced on selected areas of the lunar surface.The future manned landing missions can be expected to provide additional lunar photography. Since the astronauts can be more selective in their photography, even more outstanding and informative results should be achieved. The addition of movies and even live television coverage will permit earth-based man to share more directly in the manned exploration of the moon.The unmanned photographic exploration of the moon has provided much of the technology required for similar missions to the planets. The U.S. Mariner-IV was the first successful mission to obtain close-up photographs of the planet Mars. It can be expected that both the U.S.A. and Russia will try for further photographic successes in the exploration of our solar system.This paper presents the results of one phase of research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under Contract No. NAS 7-100, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 相似文献
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Kharin E.G. Polikarpov V.G. Kopylov L.A. Kopelovich V.A. Kozhurin V.R. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2007,22(3):26-29
In past years, the onboard trajectory measurements complex (OTMC) was found in flight tests of flight vehicles (FV). The quick-release small-sized complex makes registration of the information of onboard systems, definition of trajectory parameters of FV, the information synchronization of onboard systems, and trajectory parameters. OTMC is used for the solution of the whole set of different tasks on estimation of the characteristics of FV and its onboard equipment. With the help OTMC in flight tests there solved the tasks of estimation: operation and accuracy characteristics of air navigation computing systems, inertial navigational systems, integrated navigational systems; SNS receivers, landing radio engineering systems, accuracy of flights under the standard takeoff patterns and landing, take-off and landing characteristics, accuracy characteristics of radars, corrections of high-altitude, fast-track parameters, systems of early warning of ground proximity etc 相似文献
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针对四旋翼飞行器在依靠地标导航完成动平台自主降落任务中存在的目标易丢失、地标定位死区大和降落可靠性差等问题,设计了一种基于复合地标导航的动平台四旋翼飞行器自主优化降落系统。该系统以圆环地标和二维码构成复合地标来解决仅用单一地标定位时存在的定位死区大和定位范围小等问题。针对地标识别丢失、动平台车轮打滑和码盘标定不精确等问题,建立动平台的精确运动模型同时考虑码盘包含未知测量偏差,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器实现了对动平台连续位姿的在线估计。最终,基于动平台位姿估计结果以最小Jerk指标设计降落轨迹和降落策略,实现了四旋翼飞行器在动平台上高效平稳的降落。为验证所提系统的有效性,设计了仿真和实际降落实验,验证了所提复合地标实现摄像头距离在0.5~6.0 m内的综合完整定位;所设计的动平台状态估计器能在码盘存在未知测量偏差的情况下准确估计出平台的实时位姿,同时所提自主优化降落策略和轨迹规划算法保证了可靠的动平台降落。 相似文献