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激波控制鼓包(Shock Control Bump,SCB)是一种被动式的减小激波阻力的方法。针对近年来提到的可变挠度鼓包,提出具有双程记忆效应的形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,SMA)鼓包,可以通过控制SMA鼓包的温度改变其挠度,优化SCB的减阻性能。为了达到精确控制挠度的目标,提出了一种基于Preisach理论的温度–挠度迟滞模型。对鼓包进行基于该模型的PID控制,试验结果表明该模型可用于SMA鼓包的挠度控制中,4个目标点的最大相对误差为5.17%,优于无模型的PID控制。 相似文献
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研究了迟滞非线性系统研究的发展历程,归纳了迟滞非线性系统在建模和控制方面的国内外研究现状,以及在高精度控制平台、声纳系统和智能材料和结构上的应用,并对迟滞非线性系统建模与控制的未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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钛合金铆钉变形时易不均匀、易开裂,在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)铆接过程中引入脉冲电流作用,软化铆钉并改善其塑性。研究了连接域内的热响应机制与温度场分布,基于能量守恒、焦耳热定律、热传导定律构建了静态焦耳热模型表征稳态换热铆接工况下的CFRP温度,考虑铆接过程电流波动、温度分布不均和热区域分散性建立了动态温度场模型预测铆接过程温升。结果表明:CFRP孔周一定辐射半径范围处温度与钉中心温度线性相关,模型准确模拟出了40 s内的过程温度。静态模型在11%误差以内精准预测了中心饱和温度,动态模型模拟的温升趋势与实测温度值吻合较好。热量传递的滞后性使得动态模型对快速温升时的温度预测存在误差,该误差随电流密度变大而增加,最大达17.15%。接头损伤评估表明过程温度控制在150℃内时可获得质量合格的铆接接头。 相似文献
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从试验相似准则出发,全面分析了自由飞模型与全尺寸飞机基本参数、模态特性、飞行动力学特性,以及飞行控制律的相似关系,并以某型飞机为研究对象,利用 MATLAB/Simulink 平台建立了全尺寸飞机与自由飞模型的非线性仿真模型,根据典型控制框架设计了缩比控制律。通过仿真试验验证了两者动力学特性相似关系,最后通过无动力模型自由飞投放试验进行试飞验证。仿真和试飞结果表明,自由飞模型仿真建模和缩比控制律设计方法正确可行,利用自由飞模型试验技术开展控制律演示验证优势明显。 相似文献
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燃料电池因其高效、无污染、噪声小等特点,被认为是未来最具有潜力的无人机(UAV)用动力源,燃料电池阴极供气系统的控制技术是决定燃料电池系统性能和可靠性的关键。针对无人机用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阴极供气系统,首先,考虑外界温度、压力、空气密度以及雷诺数等随高度变化的参数,建立了跨高度离心空压机模型并分析了其在不同高度下的工作特性,基于无刷直流电机反电势特征构建了高速空压机驱动电机模型。其次,通过计算燃料电池阴极氧气和氮气的动态分压获取了PEMFC电堆输出电压。设计了基于分数阶PIλDμ的过氧比和阴极气压控制方法,驱动电机采用有限集模型预测控制(MPC)实现快速的转矩响应,仿真结果表明设计的控制器可在无人机跨高度运行条件下实现过氧比的快速调节,同时维持阴极气压稳定,满足燃料电池阴极供气需求。 相似文献
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针对跨声速后掠翼,三维鼓包串作为一种有效的减阻方式具有结构简单、高效及鲁棒性好等优点.利用全局优化算法探索了鼓包设计参数空间的整体特性,并对鼓包长度、三维鼓包展向设计参数对鼓包减阻效果的影响进行了研究,发现鼓包顶点位置和高度对阻力系数最敏感,三维鼓包的展向设计参数则对阻力系数不敏感,而鼓包长度和鼓包相对展长越长越有利于减阻.在此基础上开展了小后掠角自然层流机翼加3种不同类型鼓包串的优化研究,通过优化结果发现,增加优化后的三维鼓包串,可将小后掠角自然层流机翼阻力发散马赫数向后推移,并且鼓包平均长度和控制区越大,效果越好.三维鼓包串具有良好的局部控制特性,可用于局部较强激波的抑制.三维鼓包串对常规后掠翼波阻具有良好的控制效果,同时能够抑制激波诱导的机翼后缘气流分离. 相似文献
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Shape memory alloy(SMA) actuator is a potential advanced component for servosystems of aerospace vehicles and aircraft. This paper presents a joint with two degrees of freedom(DOF) and a mobility range close to ±60 when driven by SMA triple wires. The fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative(PID)-controlled actuator drive was designed using antagonistic SMA triple wires, and the resistance feedback signal made a closed loop. Experiments showed that, with the driving responding frequency increasing, the overstress became harder to be avoided at the position under the maximum friction force. Furthermore, the hysteresis gap between the heating and cooling paths of the strain-to-resistance curve expanded under this condition. A fuzzy logic control was considered as a solution, and the curves of the wires were then modeled by fitting polynomials so that the measured resistance was used directly to determine the control signal. Accurate control was demonstrated through the step response, and the experimental results showed that under the fuzzy PID-control program, the mean absolute error(MAE) of the rotation angle was about 3.147. In addition, the investigation of the external interference to the system proved the controllable maximum output. 相似文献
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建立了嵌入形状记忆合金(SMA)丝作为智能驱动器的智能复合材料层板结构模型,并对结构变形进行了分析。对SMA的本构关系进行了推导,得到了不同温度下的应力应变关系,并加入了界面的柔化折算,采用数值方法求解。驱动器镶嵌于层板表面或内部,根据电阻反推得到准确的温度。不同温度下的驱动变形计算结果同试验结果吻合较好。对结构的振动特性进行了测试,得到了不同温度下的模态频率变化。 相似文献
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利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的记忆特性设计了一种低转速,可连续旋转的电机;利用Liang-Rog-er本构模型进行了SMA-弹簧的旋转位移驱动器的设计以及电机扭矩和转速的设计;完成了SMA电机的机械结构设计;完成了控制规律设计;进行了性能试验.研究结果表明,在试验温度27℃下,用6 V恒压电源驱动的SMA电机实现了连续旋转,转速为0.03 rad/min.SMA电机转速低,扭矩大,功率密度高,可连续旋转,有很大的工程应用潜力. 相似文献
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振动发电就是利用电磁感应、压电技术、智能材料等将外部的机械振动能量通过一定装置转换成电能,实现机械振动能量和电能的转换.在分析磁控形状记忆合金(Magnetic Shape MemoryAlloy,简称MSMA)振动发电原理的基础上,利用MSMA智能材料的维拉利效应对振动能量进行收集,建立了MSMA振动发电机的数学模型,求出振动发电机感应电动势与压应力及外加磁场的数学关系.分析了振动应力幅值、频率的响应特性,仿真结果验证了MSMA振动发电的可行性. 相似文献
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利用形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)独特的超弹性效应,提出一种利用形状记忆合金提高复合材料结构抗低速冲击性能的方法.基于形状记忆合金的分段化线性简化模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件提供的VUMAT子程序编制了SMA合金超弹性本构关系并将其引入到复合材料层板低速冲击模型,提出了含SMA复合材料低速冲击数值模拟方法.研究形状记忆合金利用迟滞阻尼特性吸收部分形变能量并加以释放的过程,探讨SMA纤维对复合材料层板抗冲击性能的增强规律.结果表明,随着SMA体积分数的提高,复合材料层板的冲击应力峰值和挠度会下降,但在低SMA体积分数(<10%)情况下,对挠度的改善作用不明显;同时随着SMA体积分数增加,单位体积SMA的冲击能量吸收率会降低,在SMA体积分数为5%~10%时,SMA纤维具有最高的能量吸收率.得出了SMA纤维具有改善复合材料抗冲击性能的作用的结论. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2021,34(5):642-651
A novel accurate tracking controller is developed for the longitudinal dynamics of Hypersonic Flight Vehicles (HFVs) in the presence of large model uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator nonlinearities. Distinct from the state-of-the-art, besides being continuity, no restrictive conditions have been imposed on the HFVs dynamics. The system uncertainties are skillfully handled by being seen as bounded “disturbance terms”. In addition, by means of back-stepping adaptive technique, the accurate tracking (i.e. tracking errors converge to zero as time approaches infinity) rather than bounded tracking (i.e. tracking errors converge to residual sets) has been achieved. What’s more, the accurate tracking problems for HFVs subject to actuator dead-zone and hysteresis are discussed, respectively. Then, all signals of closed-loop system are verified to be Semi-Global Uniformly Ultimate Boundness (SGUUB). Finally, the efficacy and superiority of the developed control strategy are confirmed by simulation results. 相似文献
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A morphing aircraft can adapt its configuration to suit different types of tasks, which is also an important requirement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV). The successful development of an unmanned morphing aircraft involves three steps that determine its ability and intelligent: configuration design, dynamic modeling and flight control. This study conducts a comprehensive survey of morphing aircraft. First, the methods to design the configuration of a morphing aircraft are presented and analyzed... 相似文献
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JIANG Da-qiang CUI Li-shan* ZHENG Yan-jun JIANG Xiao-hua Department of Materials Science Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing China 《中国航空学报》2006,19(Z1)
A TiNi-alloy is solution-treated in a vacuum furnace of 6.7×10-3 Pa at 1 223 K for 3.6 ks, and then aged at 773 K for 1.8 ks. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements show that after the heat-treatment, takes place a two-step reverse Martensitic transformation, from which results the two-stage recovery strain in a prestrained Martensitic TiNi-alloy wire during heating. The Vickers microhardness indentation test in cross-sectional areas of the TiNi-alloy wire indicates the compositional heterogeneity between its sur-face layers and its inside. The fact that the sizes of the indentation in surface layers smaller than those in the inside bears witness to the existence of slightly harder surface layers. It is believed that these phenomena are related to the compositional fluctuation caused by the evaporation and oxidization of Ti-element during the solution-treatment and heterogeneity formed during the subsequent aging treat-ment. 相似文献