基于的DTV图像去噪模型

针对纹理图像的去噪问题,通过分析全变分（TV）去噪模型与方向全变分（DTV）去噪模型,提出了一种具有鲁棒性的基于的DTV去噪模型。为了刻画图像中的不同结构特征,该模型中DTV正则项的指数p由图像的结构来确定在（0,2）中自适应地选取。由于该模型是含有可分性算子的非光滑优化问题,可用交替方向乘子法（ADMM）求解,并能保证算法的收敛性。数值实验结果表明:与其他经典模型相比,提出的模型取得了更高的峰值信噪比和结构相似度,在去除噪声的同时能有效保持图像的细节信息。      

基于RS-CRITIC的空战目标威胁评估

针对不确定信息下的空战目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种基于粗糙集（RS）理论和指标重要性相关（CRITIC）法的目标威胁评估模型。首先,通过CRITIC法确定准确信息下的目标威胁值,利用数据挖掘（MD）启发式算法求解最佳分割集合,将目标威胁值离散化处理后替代粗糙集决策信息系统中的决策属性。其次,基于构建的完备粗糙集决策信息系统,通过决策矩阵实现属性约简和目标威胁评估最小决策规则提取。最后,将规则应用于不确定信息下的目标威胁评估。仿真结果表明:所提模型能够实现信息缺失下的目标威胁评估,减少了主观因素和先验知识的影响,扩展了粗糙集理论应用范围。      

多粒度概率语言环境下基于PROMETHEE的改进FMEA方法

针对传统故障模式和影响分析（FMEA）方法中存在关于故障模式评估、风险因子权重和风险优先级排序等方面的固有缺陷,提出了一种多粒度概率语言环境下基于偏好顺序结构评估法（PROMETHEE）的改进FMEA方法。该方法运用多粒度概率语言术语集（PLTS）刻画了专家评估信息的多样性和不确定性,并基于二元语义转换函数为引入工具的语言计算模型统一各专家多粒度风险评估信息,运用最优最劣法（BWM）和熵权法相结合的综合赋权法确定风险因子权重,将PROMETHEE拓展到概率语言环境中用于确定故障模式风险优先序。最后,运用托盘交换架故障风险评估案例来验证该方法的适用性和有效性,并进一步通过敏感度与对比分析以显示该方法的优越性。      

纳米复合相变材料熔化过程数值模拟

相变储能技术在航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用前景,但是相变材料导热性能差制约了其工程化应用。高导热的纳米材料能够有效提高相变材料的导热性能。为了对其相变现象进行更精细的模拟分析,基于Maxwell-Garnett等效介质理论（EMT）建立3种具有代表性结构的纳米复合相变材料详细物性参数,将流体体积（VOF）模型与焓-多孔介质模型相耦合,在考虑相变材料体积膨胀的情况下,数值模拟了纯石蜡、添加不同体积组分金刚石纳米粒子（ND）、单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）和石墨烯纳米片（GnP）的纳米复合相变材料在定温边界条件下的固液相变过程。结果表明:相变材料熔化过程中对流效应主要分布在临近固液相界面、临近加热壁面及临近气液两相交界面这3个区域;3种纳米粒子中GnP的导热强化效果最佳,相比纯石蜡,添加体积分数为3%的GnP纳米复合相变材料固相导热系数提高了486%,相变材料的熔化时间缩短了69%;升高壁面温度能够有效缩短复合相变材料的熔化时间。      

双混频时差系统时间间隔分辨力校准方法研究

提出了双混频时差系统时间间隔分辨力的两种校准方法——频偏法和时差拟合法。给出了校准方法的理论推导,两种方法均基于时间差的测量,通过不同的数据处理方法可得到准确度较高的时间间隔分辨力。实验表明,该方法能够准确测量双混频时差系统的时间间隔,验证了方法的有效可行。     

基于DDQN的片上网络混合关键性消息调度方法

对片上网络（NoC）承载的混合关键性消息进行实时调度是其应用于航空电子系统片上多核通信的关键。为解决可满足性模理论（SMT）法求解效率低、低优先级消息等待延迟大的问题,提出了一种基于双深度Q网络（DDQN）的混合关键性消息调度方法。将虫孔交换机制下的消息调度问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,建立包含环境、动作、状态、奖励的多层感知调度模型;随机生成多组分布不同的混合关键性消息作为训练样本,采用DDQN算法求解该调度模型;在此基础上,提出并实现了带孔隙DDQN算法,在保证时间触发（TT）消息可调度前提下为速率约束（RC）消息预留用于虫孔交换的时隙。算例研究表明:所提方法的求解时长及TT消息确定性端到端延迟的平均值均低于SMT法;带孔隙DDQN算法的RC消息延迟较不带孔隙DDQN算法和SMT法显著降低。      

基于IFA-HFS的雷达波形域LPI性能评估方法

针对雷达波形域低截获（LPI）性能评估的问题，提出一种应用改进萤火虫算法（IFA）求解指标权重的犹豫模糊集（HFS）评估方法。首先，介绍基于逼近理想解排序（TOPSIS）的犹豫模糊集理论，并从属性和方案2个角度构建指标权重的优化模型；其次，通过引入混沌理论，解决了萤火虫算法容易陷入局部最优的问题，给出用IFA求解指标权重的流程；再次，从雷达发射方角度，提取脉内、脉间5个波形域LPI性能评估指标；最后，得到利用IFA求解指标权重的犹豫模糊集评估方法。选取4种不同类型的雷达进行仿真对比，获得波形域LPI性能排序，验证了方法的快速性和有效性。      

胶铆混合修补铝合金板的疲劳性能研究

针对胶铆混合连接方式单面修补铝合金板的疲劳性能,设计了未修理、铆接修理、胶接修理和胶铆修理4种不同形式的试验件,对其进行了疲劳试验。建立了试验件的有限元模型,得到了结构应力分布,获得了裂纹长度-裂纹尖端应力强度因子（SIF）曲线,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:胶接修理和胶铆修理能有效降低裂纹处应力水平及裂纹扩展速率,且相对于未修理试验件疲劳寿命分别提升184.3%和197.3%;胶铆修理中铆钉能抑制胶层脱黏,相比胶接修理方式修理质量更可靠有效;有限元分析（FEA）结果与试验数据吻合良好,SIF误差基本保持在8%以内。      

基于BDS-GD的低截获概率雷达信号识别

针对在信号特征提取与识别中使用双谱估计数据量大、维度高的问题,提出了双谱对角切片（BDS）与广义维数（GD）相结合的识别方法。通过提取信号双谱对角切片减少数据量,并利用多重分形理论中的广义维数降低数据维度,对切片内部特性进行细微描述,基于距离测度提出特征评价指标,从而选出最具有区分度的3个阶数对应的广义维数作为特征向量,输入到最小二乘支持向量机中进行分类识别。使用4种低截获概率（LPI）雷达信号作为待识别信号,仿真结果表明,本文方法提取的信号特征在特征空间中有良好的聚集性和离散性,在0 dB信噪比下,识别准确率能达到92.2%,与选取的其他方法对比说明其具有很好的识别性能。      

Mineral catalysis of the formation of the phosphodiester bond in aqueous solution: the possible role of montmorillonite clays.

The binding of adenosine to Na(+)-montmorillonite 22A is greater than 5'-AMP, at neutral pH. Adenine derivatives bind more strongly to the clay than the corresponding uracil derivatives. These data are consistent with the protonation of the adenine by the acidic clay surface and a cationic binding of the protonated ring to the anionic clay surface. Other forces must be operative in the binding of uracil derivatives to the clay since the uracil ring system is not basic. The reaction of the 5'-AMP with water soluble carbodiimide in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite results in the formation of 2',5'-pApA (18.9%), 3',5'-pApA (11%), and AppA (4.8%). When poly(U) is used in place of the clay the product yields are 2',5'-pApA (15.5%), 3',5'-pApA (3.7%) and AppA (14.9%). The cyclic nucleotide, c(pA)2 is also formed when poly(U) is used. AppA is the principal reaction product when neither clay nor poly(U) is present in the reaction mixture. When 2'-deoxy-5'-AMP reacts with carbodiimide in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite 22A the products are dpApA (4.8%), dAppApA (4.5%) and dAppA (17.4%). Cyclic 3',5'-dAMP is the main product (14%) of the reaction of 2'-deoxy-3'-AMP.     

Efficiency tests for estimating the gas and stellar population parameters in Type 2 objects

We investigated the efficiency of estimating characteristics of stellar populations (SP) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) emission using ULySS code. To analyze simultaneously AGN and SP components in the integrated spectrum of Type 2 active galaxies, we modeled the featureless continuum (FC) and emission lines, and we used PEGASE.HR stellar population models provided by ULySS. In order to validate the method, we simulated over 7000 integrated spectra of Seyfert 2 galaxies. Spectra were generated using different characteristics of the featureless AGN continuum, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spectral ranges, properties of emission lines and single stellar population (SSP) model whose initial mass function (IMF) and abundance pattern is similar to the solar neighborhood. Simulated spectra were fitted with ULySS to evaluate the ability of the method to extract SP and AGN properties. We found that the analysis with ULySS can efficiently restore the characteristics of SP in spectra of Seyfert 2 AGNs, where signal-to-noise ratio is higher than 20, and where SP contributes with more than 10% to the total flux. Degeneracies between AGN and SP parameters increase with increasing the AGN continuum fraction, which points out the importance of simultaneous fitting of the FC and SP contributions.     

CeO2纳米粒子的自组装结构合成、表征及催化特性

利用微乳液方法(以AOT为表面活性剂)自组装合成了叶脉状结构的CeO₂(氧化铈)纳米粒子;使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、括展X射线精细结构(EXAFS)对其进行了研究表征;并对其催化特性进行了测试. XRD结果表明CeO₂纳米粒子为立方面心结构;EXAFS结果表明与体相CeO₂微粒相比,Ce－O键长变长,Ce原子周围O原子配位数降低;催化特性研究结果表明,相对于体相材料,CeO₂纳米微粒的催化分解H₂O₂的活性大大提高.     

基于积谱的雷达目标高分辨率距离像识别

针对飞机目标的识别问题,将一种用于语音识别中的积谱特征引入雷达目标一维距离像识别领域.积谱定义为功率谱与群延迟的乘积,该特征能够充分利用目标一维距离像的幅度谱与相位谱信息.在目标分类阶段,选择基于弹性传播(RPROP)算法的多层前馈神经网络作为分类器.利用4种飞机模型的重点散射源二维分布测试数据和频率步进法得到目标的一维纵向距离像,对距离像积谱的分类性能进行了测试,结果表明基于积谱的特征对于一维距离像具有较高的识别率,并具有较好的抗噪性能.      

Possible evidence of hydrocarbons released by the nucleus of Halley's comet.

After subtracting the intense dust-scattered continuum from the original spectra transmitted by the Vega 2 three-channel spectrometer, a broad-band emission emerges in the 342-375 nm spectral range when the cometocentric projected distance p is smaller than 5000 km. This newly detected emission varies as p-1, which implies that the involved molecule(s) has a parent-type behavior. The emission band presents four peaks at 347, 356, 364 and 373 nm. It is tentatively identified as being due to phenanthrene, a three-cycle aromatic condensed hydrocarbon. A determination of the gQ product, where g is the fluorescence quantum efficiency and Q the production rate gives gQ = 1.2 x 10(25). If g = 0.012, it comes Q = 1 x 10(27) s-1. The detection of phenanthrene in Halley's inner coma is an important argument in favor of a similarity of composition between cometary material and interstellar matter. It supports the hypothesis that comets have kept trace of the interstellar composition through the solar system formation epoch.     

太阳宇宙线在电离层D层中的电离

本文根据带电粒子对D层大气电离的理论,导出了太阳宇宙线在D层的电子产生率Q(h)的表达式,并计算了不同级别的太阳宇宙线事件、不同能谱参数下,Q(h)在极区随高度的分布。结果表明,不同级别、不同能谱的太阳宇宙线事件在极区产生的电离有显著的差别。同一级别,能谱指数γ越大,在较高的高度上电子产生率越大;能谱指数越小,在较低的高度上电子产生率越大。电子产生率的分布曲线出现明显的双峰,一个峰位于60公里左右,另一个峰位于85公里左右。前一个峰主要由太阳宇宙线中质子产生的,后一个峰主要是z≥2的重粒子成分产生的。本文所得结果明显好于Velinov等人的结果。      

The properties of the low altitude magnetic belt in the Venus ionosphere

When the solar wind dynamic pressure is high, the Venus ionosphere usually contains a belt of steady magnetic field at the very lowest altitudes to which Pioneer Venus probes. The current layer that flows on the high altitude side of this low altitude belt is centered at an altitude which ranges from 170 to 190 km with a most probable altitude of 182 km. This altitude is independent of solar zenith angle and hence the current system is flowing horizontally rather than vertically as proposed by Cloutier and co-workers. The lower edge of the magnetic belt was probed only on the lowest altitude passes of Pioneer Venus. This boundary is even more stable in location. The belt has decayed to 90% of its maximum strength usually by 162 km and to 50% of its maximum strength by 155 km. We interpret these data to indicate that the observed magnetic structure of the Venus ionosphere is a product of temporal evolution rather than of spacecraft motion through a spatially varying static structure.     

Incineration of biomass and utilization of product gas as a CO2 source for crop production in closed systems: gas quality and phytotoxicity.

This study addressed the recycle of carbon from inedible biomass to CO2 for utilization in crop production. Earlier work identified incineration as an attractive approach to resource recovery from solid wastes because the products are well segregated. Given the effective separation of carbon into the gaseous product stream from the incinerator in the form of CO2 we captured the gaseous stream produced during incineration of wheat inedible biomass and utilized it as the CO2 source for crop production. Injection rate was based on maintenance of CO2 concentration in the growing environment. The crop grown in the closed system was lettuce. Carbon was primarily in the form of CO2 in the incinerator product gas with less than 8% of carbon compounds appearing as CO. Nitrogen oxides and organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and benzene were present in the product gas at lower concentrations (< 4 micromol mol-1); sulfur containing compounds were below the detection limits. Direct utilization of the gaseous product of the incinerator as the CO2 source was toxic to lettuce grown in a closed chamber. Net photosynthetic rates of the crop was suppressed more than 50% and visual injury symptoms were visible within 3 days of the introduction of the incinerator gas. Even the removal of the incinerator gas alter two days of crop exposure and replacement with pure CO2 did not eliminate the toxic effects. Both organic and inorganic components of the incinerator gas are candidates for the toxin.     

溶液法制备PVDF薄膜电活性相方法

为了制备具有电活性相的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜,采用了简单易操作的溶液涂膜方法,并研究了不同前驱体溶液浓度、搅拌时间以及热压工艺对PVDF不同电活性相的晶型结构形成的影响,利用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对PVDF薄膜的晶型结构进行分析.结果表明:前驱体溶液浓度7%~10%,搅拌时间2~3h都有利于β相的形成,利用红外光谱,可以计算β相的含量,在前驱体溶液浓度7%,搅拌时间2h时得到最大的β相含量81.3%;热压对PVDF薄膜的晶型结构有很大的影响,经过热压处理的PVDF薄膜中γ相转变成更加致密的β相.      

基于构型项的飞机研制建模技术

飞机制造业的业务过程是一个复杂的、动态的、数据量大的系统工程.如何建立简单完整的产品研制模型一直是业务过程优化(BPI,Business Process Improvement)中的难题.通过借鉴波音公司关于飞机构型管理和产品结构模块化的相关思想,强调构型管理技术在飞机研制的全生命周期过程中的重要性,明确构型项(CI,Configuration Item)准确的数学定义.依据构型管理简化产品的信息模型和Petri 网(PN,Petri Net)描述、优化产品过程模型的特点,将Petri 网理论与构型项结合起来保证全生命周期过程中飞机研制模型的一致性和完整性.提出CI-PN模型来描述整个飞机研制的信息和过程模型,并给出对翼盒研制过程模型描述、分析和优化的实例.