小型二冲程汽油机缸体气口尺寸的确定及其对整机性能的影响

本文以一种典型小型二冲程汽油机为例，介绍了缸体气口尺寸的确定方法，并通过发动机台架试验的结果分析气口尺寸、形状、气道质量对整机性能的重要影响。为进一步提高产品质量，提供了可靠的依据。     

保证数控铣加工的尺寸精度

本文介绍了数控编程和数控加工中保证零件的尺寸和公差要求的方法.一种方法是用公差的中间值作为终点坐标的尺寸编程;另一种方法是用公称尺寸编程,用公差的中间值作与公称尺寸的差值作为刀补值,通过刀具补偿保证尺寸要求.     

含铝推进剂的燃烧效率

为获得火箭顶级发动机所用推进剂的最优性能,本文就40种低燃速含铝推进剂配方的组分含量变化对其燃烧效率的影响进行了评价.所试验的推进剂由高氯酸铵、铝粉、环四甲撑四硝铵(HMX)和端羟基聚丁二烯组成.依据实验所得的铝凝聚尺寸、燃速和比冲数据可知,当燃速增加时,燃烧效率有增加的倾向;在低 L条件下,当铝凝聚尺寸减小时,比冲效率增加;铝凝聚的程度取决于口袋结构的特性,当口袋中的铝含量及铝与细 AP 质量比下降时,铝凝聚尺寸减小;口袋容积变小时,使用粗 HMX 具有减小铝凝聚尺寸的作用;HMX 的尺寸对燃速没有影响。     

旋转式平台惯导加速度计尺寸效应分析及高精度补偿

为提高HRG平台惯导系统的自主导航精度,利用旋转平均技术组建了HRG旋转式平台惯导系统.针对旋转式平台惯导系统在导航过程中台体绕台体轴的往复旋转会引起加速度计尺寸效应误差的问题,在对加速度计尺寸效应误差的产生机理进行深入分析的基础上,结合旋转式平台惯导系统的特性,提出将坐标变换矩阵完整的旋转矢量表达式代入速度和位置更新方程,建立了加速度计尺寸效应的高精度补偿算法,并讨论了减小加速度计尺寸效应所引起的发散的位置误差的方法.仿真实验结果表明,这种算法能够有效减小加速度计尺寸效应引起的速度误差和位置误差,从而验证了文中理论分析的正确性及所建立的补偿算法的有效性.     

考虑飞行品质约束的空天飞行器控制舵面设计及优化

针对放宽静稳定度条件下水平起降空天飞行器控制舵面尺寸设计难度大的问题,提出了一种基于代理模型的控制舵面一控制参数一体化设计方法.首先,基于鸽群算法构建了包含结构参数的空天飞行器气动特性代理模型,获得了气动特性参数随飞行条件、控制舵面尺寸及质心位置的变化关系,为控制舵面一体化设计提供输入.然后,设计了基于C*结构的空天飞...     

喷管尺寸对超声速喷流噪声影响研究

为研究喷管尺寸对超声速喷流噪声特性的影响及其声场分布规律而设计了冷流实验系统,选用3种不同尺寸的喷管,采用LMS数据采集系统及噪声处理软件,对不同喷管尺寸、不同来流压强下的喷流噪声进行了采集和处理.实验结果表明,超声速喷流噪声具有较强的指向性,随着测点偏离喷流中心轴线角度从30°增加到180°,其声压级峰值逐渐减小,峰...     

美国空军的隐身飞机详情

最近美国空军首次披露了洛克希德公司的F-117A隐身战斗机的详细情况.该飞机经精心设计后能掩盖其真实形状,看上去比实际尺寸更短、更宽.F-117A的前缘后掠角为67.5°,总长20.5m,翼展12.8m,量大起飞重量为20500kg.     

美国海基导弹拦截卫星任务的毁伤分析

基于经验模型和基本假设,研究了航天器撞击的解体特性,计算了碎片的尺寸分布、面质比分布和速度分布,考虑生存高度和大气阻力的影响计算了各种碎片的轨道寿命,提出了碎片留轨比例及数量的计算公式,分析了不同尺寸的碎片的留轨特性.结果表明:这次任务产生的碎片将快速坠毁,对空间环境的影响有限.分析结果可以作为参考,更准确的结果有赖于根据实际观测数据进行深入、详细的分析.     

诱导轮旋转汽蚀数值模拟

旋转汽蚀是诱导轮汽蚀不稳定现象中常见的一种,可导致叶片承受循环载荷,引发轴振动,对涡轮泵工作的可靠性造成威胁.本文对一个3叶片诱导轮进行了考虑汽蚀的定常和非定常流动计算,在特定的汽蚀数范围内,在非定常流动计算结果中观察到了旋转汽蚀现象.然后,对一典型计算结果,分析了旋转汽蚀发生时叶片气穴尺寸以及攻角随时间的变化情况.结果表明,叶片上的气穴尺寸与下游相邻叶片的攻角的变化趋势大致相同,但是在气穴尺寸的最大值点附近的变化趋势相反.此外,在叶片气穴尺寸的一个变化周期内,气穴尺寸的变化率与其攻角的变化趋势不完全吻合.     

固化压力对炭纤维复合材料层压板的孔隙和力学性能的影响

孔隙的存在是炭纤维复合材料层压板加工过程中不可避免的缺陷,并且会对炭纤维复合材料结构的性能产生很大的损害.针对[(±45°)/(0,90°)_2/ (±45°)]_S炭纤维复合材料层压板,详细分析了层压板内孔隙的尺寸、形状及分布特征.通过施加不同的固化压力制备了不同孔隙率含量的试件.采用显微图像分析技术和性能测试对炭纤维复合材料层压板内孔隙的形态及其对炭纤维复合材料层压板力学性能的影响进行了研究,采用图像分析软件对孔隙的形状和尺寸进行了定量的表征.结果表明,对于铺层为[(±45°)/(0,90°)_2/ (±45°)]_S层压板,孔隙主要分布于层间,且都沿着平行于铺层的方向发展.随着固化压力的减小,孔隙率增大、层间剪切强度和压缩强度下降.     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

复杂受载条件下固体火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力的估计

论文简略介绍了静力轴压下园柱壳屈曲应力的工程计算方法,对某固体火箭发动机壳体的复杂受载条件对壳体屈曲应力的影响进行了分析,并对该火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力如何估计提出了建议。