Coning motion instability of spinning missiles induced by the delay of strap-down seeker

The strap-down seeker, which combines the seeker’s and the onboard gyro’s measurements to obtain the target information, has been extensively applied by spinning missiles. The response delay of the strap-down seeker, a novel factor that could result in crosscoupling between the acceleration commands in the pitch and yaw channels and subsequently cause the significant deterioration in dynamic stability of the spinning missile equipped with a rate loop, is noted in this paper. The sufficient and necessary stability conditions are also analytically established based on the system equation with complex coefficient, which are further verified by numerical simulations. It could be indicated that the response delay of the strap-down seeker will greatly deteriorate the dynamic stability of the whole guidance system designed by the conventional method. It is also noticed from analysis that the stable region of the combined guidance coefficient is shrunken significantly with the increase of the spinning rate.     

Gyro Motion Boundedness under Uncertain Vehicle Spin and Acceleration

An analysis is presented of the motion of a single axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle, which is simultaneously accelerating and spinning about the output and spin axis, respectively, of the gyro. The time-varying acceleration and deceleration ?x(t) and the spin rate ?z(t) of the vehicle are unknown but bounded functions of time t. It is shown that the motion of the gyro remains bounded if the bound ?*2 on the uncertainty in ?z(t) does not exceed some threshold ?*2 and that this threshold depends on the various parameters of the gyro. Furthermore, by a proper selection of the gyro parameters, its motion can be forced to remain in a small neighborhood (called region of ultimate boundedness) of the origin in ?-? plane after a certain finite interval of time for any bounded uncertain ?x(t) and ?z(t). Analytical relations are derived for the selection of gyro parameters to keep the error caused in the measurement of the input rate due to ?x and ?z within any given limit.     

激光陀螺机械抖动偏频对等效转动矢量姿态计算的影响

研究了激光陀螺机械抖动偏频影响等效转动矢量姿态计算精度的机理。用双子样N次迭代算法推导了载体实际姿态角运动与机械抖动发生谐振时产生的姿态计算误差项,指出其误差作用机理与惯性导航比力方程计算中划摇误差的相似性。针对三轴激光陀螺共一个机械抖动轴和3个单轴激光陀螺构成惯性组合两种情况进行了讨论。根据对静态条件下惯性组合中激光陀螺采样信号的功率谱密度分析,指出当采样频率较低时,会产生与抖动有关的低频周期分量,与低频的载体姿态运动谐振将产生姿态计算误差,应尽量提高采样频率及等效转动矢量计算频率。     

一种用于干扰效果评估的闭环制导模拟方法

针对干扰效果评估需求,提出了一种简便易行的闭环制导模拟方法,即将导引头装在飞艇上,利用导引头测量输出的目标信息,按照导引律的要求,实时引导和控制飞艇向目标方向做制导飞行,以模拟闭环制导控制过程.利用电视导引头搭载飞艇,设定直接瞄准法导引律,完成了多个航次的闭环制导飞行试验.结果表明：飞艇飞行航迹与直接瞄准法导引律要求的理论航线基本一致,飞艇纵轴与目标视线的夹角以及导引头测量输出的离轴角均小于1°,也满足直接瞄准法导引律的要求,从而初步验证了所提出闭环制导模拟方法的可行性.这种作制导飞行的飞艇和导引头,可形象直观地演示、验证干扰效果.     

位标器陀螺电磁场有限元分析及电磁环境设计

本文针对位标器陀螺的基本工作原理和使用环境,利用ANSOFT软件,对陀螺电磁场进行了有限元分析,并根据电磁场分布的特点及陀螺对电磁环境的特殊要求,在红外探测器和陀螺主轴承外围分别设计了屏蔽罩和屏蔽环,使陀螺内外部的电磁环境得到了优化,最终的分析验证取得了满意的结果,表明该优化方案有效可行。     

Gyro Motion Boundedness under Uncertain Angular Acceleration about Vehicle Output Axis

An analysis of the motion of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which has uncertain time-varying acceleration and deceleration ?x(t) about the output axis of the gyro is presented. Using a Lyapunov function, a condition for boundedness of the gyro motion is derived. It is shown that by a proper selection of the parameters of the gyro, its motion can be forced to remain in a small neighborhood (called region of ultimate boundedness) of the origin in ? - ? plane after a certain finite interval of time for any bounded uncertain ?x(t). Analytical relations for the selection of gyro parameters to keep the error caused in the measurement of the input rate due to ?x within desirable limits are derived.     

Stability of Gyro with Harmonic Nonlinearity in Spinning Vehicle

A stability analysis of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity ?z about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The complete nonlinear equation of motion, which includes the fundamental and second harmonic nonlinear terms, arising due to ?z, is considered. For time-varying ?z(t), using the circle criterion, it is shown that the gimbal motion is globally asymptotically stable if the Nyquist plot of the linear transfer function of the gyro lies in the interior of a certain disk. For the case of uncertain constant ?z, using the Lyapunov approach, conditions for global asymptotic stability (GAS) and asymptotic stability are derived. Stable regions in parameter space of the gyro and state space are obtained. Analytical relations for the selection of gyro parameters are derived.     

Transient Performance of Gyro in Spinning Spacecraft

Transient performance of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a spacecraft which is spinning about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. Analytical expressions for various time-domain and frequency-domain specifications as functions of the spin rate of the vehicle are obtained. Numerical results are presented which are useful in selecting the gyro parameters if it is to be used for the measurements of the angular velocity in spinning space vehicles.     

一种提升空间三轴激光陀螺性能的谐振腔方案研究

针对现有空间三轴机抖激光陀螺因通道间放电耦合引入了零偏误差导致陀螺性能损失的问题,提出了一种高精度空间三轴谐振腔改进设计实现方案.该方案从空间三轴激光陀螺与单轴激光陀螺放电系统的差异出发,分析了空间三轴激光陀螺不同放电状态引入零偏误差的机理,明确了高精度空间三轴激光陀螺各通道的放电电流控制需求.同时,分析结果表明,减小通道间的放电耦合可降低该型陀螺的零偏耦合误差项,因此需对空间三轴谐振腔进行放电结构的去耦合优化设计.最后,针对提出的空间三轴谐振腔改进设计方案,开展了陀螺性能试验验证,试验结果表明,空间三轴机抖激光陀螺的精度提升了5.7％以上.     

Stability of Gyro in a Vehicle Spinning with Uncertain Angular Velocity

The analysis of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The nonlinearity in the equation of motion of the gimbal is retained. Using circle criterion, it is shown that the gimbal motion is globally asymptotically stable if Nyquist plot of the linear transfer function of the gyro lies in the interior of a certain disk. A simple analytical relation for the selection of gyro parameters for stability is derived.     

一种双轴旋转惯性导航系统的重要参数快速自标定方法

为了提高双轴旋转惯导重要参数标定的快速性和精度,提出一种快速自标定方法。通过设置不同的标定路径可以在10 min内完成陀螺和加速度计的零偏以及标度因数误差的标定。该方法利用基于姿态误差观测的卡尔曼滤波完成陀螺零偏的估计。通过六位置翻滚并以速度误差作为观测量进行卡尔曼滤波,完成加速度计的零偏及标度因数误差的标定。使天向陀螺绕方位轴旋转4周,使水平陀螺绕水平轴转动4周,通过计算旋转前后的姿态误差完成陀螺标度因数误差的估计。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法可以实现双轴旋转惯导重要参数10 min内完成自标定,且具有较高的精度。     

Stability of 2-Degree-of-Freedom Gyro in a Spinning Vehicle

Using the Lyapunov approach, the conditions are presented for the stability of the spin axis of a 2-degree-of-freedom gyro which is mounted in a spinning vehicle.     

北斗GEO卫星南北控制对半长轴影响分析

在北斗GEO（Geostationary Earth Orbit,地球静止轨道）卫星南北控制期间,陀螺漂移、姿态控制、轨道平面变化等因素都会对卫星轨道半长轴产生影响,进而影响卫星星下点经度漂移,而在实际工程中难以提前准确预估南北控制对半长轴的影响。根据GEO卫星南北控制特点,分析了各因素对半长轴影响的原因,通过影响因素剥离的方法建立了各因素对半长轴影响的模型,利用在轨GEO卫星历次南北控制的实际数据,验证了模型的准确性并给出了各个因素的影响量级。结果表明,该模型可使得南北控制对半长轴影响的预测精度达到1 km以内,可用于北斗GEO卫星南北控制时半长轴补偿控制。     

滚转弹两框架导引头的前馈补偿技术

针对弹体滚转情况下两框架平台式导引头的伺服控制问题,基于导引头运动学和动力学,建立了导引头稳定回路模型。结合弹体滚转条件下的导引头输入指令和输出视线角速率关系,构建了视线闭环回路。针对偏航、俯仰通道间的解耦控制问题,推导出解耦条件,要求两通道由失调角到光轴转动角速度的传递函数相同。仿真分析了该模型在视线角输入以及弹体姿态扰动输入时,弹体滚转对导引头跟踪精度产生的影响,并由此提出了滚转角速度前馈补偿控制方案。结果表明,采用结合滚转角前馈补偿控制的两框架平台式导引头方案可以满足滚转弹的制导精度要求。     

激光陀螺四位置寻北仪提高精度方法

为消除激光陀螺零偏和常值漂移的影响,采用四位置方案来实现高精度寻北。本文简述了单轴激光陀螺四位置寻北方案,给出了陀螺敏感轴与机体系前向偏差角标定方法,研究了寻北仪在倾斜基座下数据补偿算法。本文研究了由于在四个位置上电机转动不到位所引起的误差补偿算法。通过对寻北仪系统测试,采用电机转动不到位补偿后数据标准差降低了0.02º,激光陀螺寻北仪系统达到了高精度快速寻北的要求。     

Asymptotically Stable Motions of a Gyro in a Spinning Vehicle

An analysis of the motion of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which is spinning with uncertain constant angular velocity xz about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The nonlinearity in the equation of motion of the gimbal is retained. Using the Lyapunov approach, regions are obtained in the k-xz plane where k is the torsional spring constant, for asymptotic stability and for global asymptotic stability, and an estimate of the region of stability in state space is presented. Analytical relations for the selection of the gyro parameters are derived.     

有缺陷圆柱壳振型进动的研究

谐振陀螺是一种不存在高速转子和活动支承的新型陀螺仪。其敏感部件是一个轴对称壳谐振子,圆柱壳便是其中一种。本文建立了圆柱壳在旋转情况下的动力学方程。研究了有缺陷的圆柱壳谐振子振型的进动情况;分析了其环向振型进动因子的相对扰动和绝对扰动;给出了圆柱壳谐振子环向缺陷对其振型进动特性的影响规律及实际加工,选择谐振子的准则。这些对于设计谐振陀螺有指导意义。     

Magnetically suspended MEMS spinning wheel gyro

A concept of a magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyro is described. The gyro is based on a patented, planar magnetic actuator and position sensor configuration with a gyro wheel that is rotated by a multi-phase electromagnetic spin motor. The motor and actuator/sensor configurations, in addition to providing the necessary forces to suspend the spinning wheel, are amenable to fabrication using some of the developing MEMS fabrication technologies, making batch fabrication of the gyro possible. This provide the capability for high production yield in high volume through the use of batch processing, without the need for skilled hand labor, resulting in high yields, high reliability, and low cost of ownership. The gyro concept is described in detail. The high-speed rotation of the wheel, somewhat smaller than a dime, can produce an angular momentum much larger than that of the Coriolis force based MEMS gyros now receiving intensive development, and is expected to provide considerably higher performance than currently available from this class of instrument. Two axes of angular rate information and three axes of acceleration information are provided by the control loops that center the wheel within the case. Thus, two such magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyros can be used to implement a complete IMU, and can also provide redundancy in three of the five degrees of freedom     

Optimum Alignment of an Inertial Autonavigator

The performance of an inertial autonavigator can only be as good as the accuracy to which the system is initially aligned. Optical methods of alignment can be performed with high precision; however, this technique requires external equipment and is subject to some physical constraints, such as land-based operation. The general problem discussed here is the use of an automatic azimuth alignment technique known as gyrocompassing. In the use of the gyrocompassing technique to obtain azimuth alignment, accuracies are degraded considerably by two dominant error sources, the level axis controlling gyro drift rate and the imperfections of reference or independent velocity information. Consequently, an optimum performance controller is developed for driving the system in this mechanization and is based on a priori knowledge of the second-order statistics of the system error sources. The performance criteria will be to minimize the mean square azimuth error.     

MEMS陀螺阵列技术研究进展

MEMS陀螺仪体积小、功耗低的优点扩展了惯性器件的应用领域,对于制导武器的小型化具有重要的意义.但国内MEMS陀螺仪精度相对偏低、噪声大,这限制了它在高精度军事领域的应用.陀螺阵列可以利用冗余信息有效提高MEMS陀螺的精度,实现低精度陀螺的高精度应用,而不需要技术和工艺的突破.介绍了MEMS陀螺阵列的基本原理,总结了陀螺阵列近年来的研究进展.在此基础上,提出了陀螺阵列的4大关键技术:陀螺冗余系统配置,误差分析、建模与标定,故障诊断以及信息融合.最后,分析了陀螺阵列的发展特点以及研究重点,给出了MEMS陀螺阵列技术未来的发展思路.