Features of rotational motion of a spacecraft descending in the Martian atmosphere

Angular motion at atmospheric entry is studied in the paper for a spacecraft with a bi-harmonic moment characteristic. Special attention is given to the case when the spacecraft possesses two stable balanced positions, and, hence, it can oscillate in dense atmospheric layers in the ranges of small or large angles of attack. The averaged equations of spacecraft motion are derived, which allow one to increase the speed of calculations by several orders of magnitude. A real example is presented, which concerns a spacecraft specially designed for descending in the Martian atmosphere.     

Informational approaches to angular motion control of spacecraft

Any information concepts may be used for motion control with respect to the center of masses of a reusable transport spacecraft (RTS). Using comparative analysis of the two concepts (the first one, based upon information about attitude parameters with respect to the inertial reference system and the second one, based upon parameters of angular motion with respect to wind-body coordinate system) for specific features of RTS dynamics and control at the stages of orbital flight, atmospheric flight under gas dynamic and aerodynamic control, and landing, paper demonstrates that information on angles of attack, slip and speed roll should be used for angular motion control at this stage of flight.     

High-precision single-input control of relative motion in spacecraft formation

A Newton-type method is proposed to improve the accuracy of control for relative motion of two satellites in close formation. We assume that the deputy satellite is equipped with a passive attitude control system that provides one-axis stabilization, and one or two orbit control thrusters are installed along the stabilized axis. Previous studies show that it is possible to construct periodic relative trajectories both in case of passive magnetic and spin stabilization. However, the accuracy of the numerically obtained control is quite low due to modeling errors caused by linearization of the equations of relative motion. Therefore, a correction procedure is required to compensate for nonlinear effects. To this end we suggest a recently developed algorithm based on the Newton method for solving nonlinear systems with geometric constraints. Being implemented, this algorithm allows decreasing the modeling error by up to ten times. The previously found control and trajectory of the linearized system are used as initial approximations.     

Adaptive sliding mode control for six-DOF relative motion of spacecraft with input constraint

This paper addresses the synchronized control problem of relative position and attitude for spacecraft with input constraint. First, using dual quaternion, the kinematic and dynamic models of the six-degree-of-freedom relative motion of spacecraft are introduced. Second, a new adaptive sliding mode control scheme is proposed to guarantee the globally asymptotic convergence of relative motion despite the presence of control input constraint, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. A detailed stability analysis of the resulting closed-loop system is included. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller, which has the following properties: (1) explicit accounting for the problem of input constraint, (2) fast convergent rate and accurate results can be obtained, (3) no chattering phenomenon is present in the control torque and control force, (4) self-adaptive regulation law is dynamically adjusted to ensure the tracking errors tend to zero asymptotically, (5) the upper bounds of unknown variables are estimated dynamically.     

Trajectory correction of the Spektr-R spacecraft motion

The results of refining the parameters of the Spektr-R spacecraft (RadioAstron project) motion after it was launched into the orbit of the Earth’s artificial satellite in July 2011 showed that, at the beginning of 2013, the condition of staying in the Earth’s shadow was violated. The duration of shading of the spacecraft exceeds the acceptable value (about 2 h). At the end of 2013 to the beginning of 2014, the ballistic lifetime of the spacecraft completed. Therefore, the question arose of how to correct the trajectory of the motion of the Spektr-R satellite using its onboard propulsion system. In this paper, the ballistic parameters that define the operation of onboard propulsion system when implementing the correction, and the ballistic characteristics of the orbital spacecraft motion before and after correction are presented.     

航天器运输包装箱极限热控能力试验研究

为获取某航天器运输包装箱在典型高温天气下的极限热控能力,设计了主动控温和被动保温状态试验方案,并开展试验研究。结果表明：太阳辐射是影响包装箱温度的主要因素,环境温度是次要因素;在环境温度为40 ℃、内部航天器初始温度为30 ℃左右的主动制冷工况,该包装箱能将内部航天器温度控制在40 ℃以下要求范围内,且有近7 ℃余量;在环境温度为35 ℃、内部航天器初始温度为25 ℃左右的被动保温工况下,内部航天器温度保持在40 ℃以下的时间约为2 h 15 min。为进一步降低运输过程控温风险、增强包装箱的热控能力,提出了尽量避免阳光直接照射箱体以及增加风扇强迫空气对流等一系列措施和建议。     

Ballistics, navigation, and motion control for a spacecraft during its landing on the surface of Phobos

Basic concepts and algorithms laid as foundations of the scheme of landing on the Martian moon Phobos (developed for the Phobos-Grunt project) are presented. The conditions ensuring the landing are discussed. Algorithms of onboard navigation and control are described. The equations of spacecraft motion with respect to Phobos are considered, as well as their use for correction of the spacecraft motion. The algorithm of estimation of the spacecraft’s state vector using measurements with a laser altimeter and Doppler meter of velocity and distance is presented. A system for modeling the landing with a firmware complex including a prototype of the onboard computer is described.     

挠性卫星姿态的角动量反馈控制

利用动量交换装置的角动量测量和反馈来实现带有挠性附件卫星姿态的稳定控制是一个重要问题。为此，本文给出了角动量反馈控制器，指出了控制器参数的选取方法，分析了姿态控制误差与角动量测量误差的关系。结果表明，角动量反馈控制方法不仅能够保证姿态控制的稳定性，而且能够有效提高姿态控制的稳定性，并且对不确定挠性模态参数具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Analytical solutions for the relative motion of spacecraft subject to Lorentz-force perturbations

A spacecraft capable of producing higher-than-natural electrostatic charges may achieve propellantless orbital maneuvering via the Lorentz-force interaction with a planetary magnetic field. Development of maneuver strategies for these propellantless vehicles is complicated by the fact that the perturbative Lorentz force acts along only a single line of action at any instant. Relative-motion dynamical models are developed that lead to approximate analytical solutions for the motion of charged spacecraft subject to the Lorentz force. These solutions indicate that the principal effects of the Lorentz force on a spacecraft in a circular orbit are to change the intrack position and to change the orbit plane. A rendezvous example is presented in which a spacecraft with a specific charge of ?3.81 $\times$ 10^?4 C/kg reaches a target vehicle initially 10 km away (on the same equatorial low-Earth orbit) in 1 day. Fly-around maneuvers may be achieved in low-Earth orbit with specific charges on the order of 0.001 C/kg.     

载人航天器系统重量控制方法研究

系统的重量设计和控制贯穿于载人航天器研制的全过程,在型号研制中占有非常重要的地位。文章结合载人航天器型号研制实践,描述了载人航天器系统重量构成、重量控制流程、不同研制阶段的重量控制要点、系统重量控制体会以及轻量化设计措施,为未来载人航天器型号设计和减重研究提供借鉴与参考。     

Decentralized coordinated control for multiple spacecraft formation maneuvers

We investigate the decentralized coordinated control problem by looking into local information exchange among formation flying spacecraft regarding formation maneuvers. The nonlinear dynamics that describes the motion of formation flying spacecraft relative to a reference spacecraft is considered for the general case, in which the reference spacecraft is in an ideal elliptical orbit. With the novel use of consensus algorithms combined with behavior-based control, coordinated formation controllers are proposed for three schemes: (i) with full state feedback; (ii) without velocity measurements; (iii) and with external disturbances and parametric uncertainty. The three algorithms used in the schemes can achieve both formation maneuvering and formation keeping, as well as consider actuator saturation. Numerous simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

分子吸附器在航天器污染控制中的应用研究

文章对分子吸附器这种新型的在轨清除航天器分子污染物的方法进行机理分析,研究分子吸附剂和基底材料的选择方法,探讨分子吸附器的吸收力和有效黏附系数的测定方案等,并简要介绍国内的研究现状,分析国内外的差距,提出发展建议。     

充液挠性多体航天器的变结构控制

本文首先给出了充液中心刚体上铰接有多个挠性附件的开链多体系统的简化动力学方程，并以跟踪与数据中继卫星为例，用变结构控制方法设计了系统的控制器。控制任务是驱动单址天线使之精确地跟踪期望的运动规律，同时保持星体稳定，并且有效地抑制弹性附件的振动。数值算例证明了所设计控制规律的有效性。     

Advanced reaction wheel controller for attitude control of spacecraft

A design procedure is presented for an attitude control system consisting of a momentum wheel and a reaction wheel. Control laws are designed for this system using modern control techniques. The observer based method produces a control scheme which achieves a good transient response.     

航天器高精度控温系统设计的稳定性条件

航天器热控设计中普遍采用时间离散型控温系统,其自身稳定性将影响控温效果,尤其是高精度控温系统的稳定性更直接影响控温精度指标的达成。文章以某典型航天器高精度主动控温系统为研究对象,首先建立融合其热物理模型和控制算法的统一控温系统模型,并结合航天器热控领域的工程实际,通过合理简化实现了模型的线性化;然后基于上述线性化模型,对离散控温系统的稳定性进行研究,应用数学分析及经典控制理论方法对航天器热控设计中实际采用的基于比例和PI算法的控温系统进行理论求解,获得了保持系统稳定的充要条件;最后采用仿真分析的方法验证了上述约束条件的正确性。     

载人航天器密封舱噪声控制与试验

载人航天器密封舱为航天员工作和生活的场所,需对航天员工作区和睡眠区进行噪声控制。文章以某中期驻留载人航天器为例,对其密封舱内的主要噪声源进行识别,并从吸声、隔声、消声、减振4个方面针对主要噪声源进行噪声控制。根据航天器实际噪声源和控制措施,构建了噪声计算模型,通过仿真分析获取了舱体内声压级水平分布,并对舱内噪声分布进行实际测试。仿真结果和测试结果表明噪声控制方案满足指标要求,噪声源识别准确,控制措施有效。     

太阳帆航天器姿态控制技术综述

太阳帆作为一种无工质消耗的新型航天器推进技术,逐渐受到国内外航天界的广泛关注。文章首先综述了太阳帆航天器控制技术的发展现状,重点分析了太阳帆航天器姿态控制技术的特点和难点;其次,按照执行机构的不同,分别介绍了近年来国内外航天领域提出的多种太阳帆航天器姿态控制方案,针对各个方案的优缺点加以分析;最后,对该领域未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Impulsive control for angular momentum management of tumbling spacecraft

We discuss an angular momentum control of a tumbling spacecraft. The proposed control method is to apply an impulse by a space robot arm, to measure and control the relative position and attitude between the target spacecraft, and then to apply another impulse until the rotational motion of the target spacecraft is well damped. A discrete controller is designed using the simplified equations of rotational motion through appropriate coordinate transformation. The stationary response under contact model uncertainty is investigated and stability condition is analytically derived. Numerical simulations are given to validate the proposed approach.