星上遥感影像在轨处理进展研究

从星地数传、高时敏任务等对星上遥感影像在轨处理的需求出发,本文对美国、欧洲以及国内主要的星上遥感影像在轨处理进展进行了研究;以此为基础,结合星上遥感影像在轨处理框架与深度学习等智能处理技术,分析了高性能星上智能处理平台构建、基于深度学习的遥感影像在轨智能处理、多源遥感影像数据在轨融合处理、星地协同数据处理及在轨更新等星上遥感影像在轨处理关键技术;最后,对星上遥感影像在轨处理未来发展趋势进行了总结,为进一步提升遥感卫星在轨应用效能提供参考。     

关于航天遥感的若干问题

文章对航天遥感的任务、航天遥感系统和遥感数据链及遥感信息链的组成、遥感数据质量和遥感解译质量的概念予以综述,对航天遥感面临的若干问题加以说明和讨论.     

基于条件生成对抗模型的遥感卫星影像重建技术研究

为了快速侦察未知区域的地貌信息，遥感卫星可对特定区域进行扫描以获取遥感卫星影像。当卫星经过国外未知区域时，部分卫星无法针对某特定区域进行长时间的驻留扫描，本文提出一种基于条件生成对抗网络模型（Conditional Generative Adversarial Network，CGAN）进行网络训练，前期将某方法获取的区域轮廓地形信息作为CGAN网络的生成网络和鉴别网络中的条件约束信息，通过网络生成器与判别器在训练过程中互相博弈产生特定的输出集，有效地实现由单张电子轮廓图像到对应卫星遥感图像的端到端的非线性映射。本文通过原真实卫星遥感图像与生成卫星遥感图像进行四种对比误差计算，平均误差、均方误差与结构相似度均高于99%，峰值信噪比高于30 dB，生成的图像与原图像之间具备高相似度，实现了在获取坐标定位轮廓信息的先验条件下，对特定区域进行遥感卫星影像内容重建技术。     

基于深度卷积神经网络的遥感影像目标检测

随着遥感影像数据规模的快速扩张,如何高效准确地识别遥感影像中的典型目标成为当前的研究热点。为解决传统遥感影像目标检测方法准确率低的问题,用基于深度卷积神经网络进行遥感影像目标检测,在遥感影像数据集上用基于Faster-RCNN的神经网络模型对VGG16卷积网络进行训练,对输入的遥感影像通过区域推荐网络标注出待检目标的包围框和置信度,实现对遥感影像的目标检测。以飞机和油罐为例,在TensorFlow深度学习框架下实现了数据预处理、网络训练、目标检测等功能,并在当前测试数据集上取得了较高的检测准确率和置信度。该研究成果可应用于遥感影像解译和处理等相关领域。     

航天遥感科学技术的发展

简要说明了航天遥感和航天遥感系统的概念和组成,特别对航天光学遥感成像链、成像系统和遥感系统的概念和组成做了论述,重点介绍了航天遥感科学技术的发展现状和发展方向,同时提出了发展我国航天遥感科学技术的若干建议。     

关于遥感图像品质的若干问题

遥感图像是遥感数据获取系统的输出,遥感图像的品质表现为遥感图像在完成遥感任务中的应用价值。文章对遥感图像品质的概念和表征予以介绍,对遥感图像品质的影响因素和提高遥感图像品质的有关问题,包括遥感数据获取系统的性能、成像条件和运行状态等加以说明,对如何提高遥感图像品质提出了若干建议。     

Remote sensing of natural resources : Legal and political considerations for the Third World

A state's posture on remote sensing of the Earth by orbiting satellites varies depending upon whether it is a ‘sensing’ or a ‘sensed’ state, upon its present economic status, and upon its economic and political history. This article considers the international legal questions related to remote sensing and discusses the political aspects with special emphasis upon the views of the Third World. The author concludes that, unless Third World states and others who support them alter their views somewhat, it is probable that remote sensing of natural resources will continue without specific legal guidelines.     

The activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China

This article reviews the development of ocean colour remote sensing over the past decade in China. China launched its first remote sensing satellite FY-1A on 7 September 1988 and its second, FY-1B on 3 September 1990. Both of them had a Very High Resolution Scanning Radiometer (VHRSR) which involved two channels (0.48–0.53 and 0.53–0.58 u) for measuring ocean colour. A new polar orbiting satellite FY-1-02 was scheduled to be in orbit by 1998 with an improved VHRSR which has more (10) channels and is more sensitive for ocean colour remote sensing. The special programme of the ocean colour satellite HY-1 has been approved by the Chinese government, as has the planning of another new generation polar orbiting remote sensing satellite, FY-3. A type of sensor has been developed known as the Chinese Moderate Imaging spectroradiometer (CMODIS). Following its review, the article will describe the future activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China and explain their scientific goal.     

TanDEM-X: A radar interferometer with two formation-flying satellites

TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative formation-flying radar mission that opens a new era in spaceborne radar remote sensing. The primary objective is the acquisition of a global digital elevation model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy (12 m horizontal resolution and 2 m relative height accuracy). This goal is achieved by extending the TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission by a second, TerraSAR-X like satellite (TDX) flying in close formation with TerraSAR-X (TSX). Both satellites form together a large single-pass SAR interferometer with the opportunity for flexible baseline selection. This enables the acquisition of highly accurate cross-track interferograms without the inherent accuracy limitations imposed by repeat-pass interferometry due to temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. Besides the primary goal of the mission, several secondary mission objectives based on along-track interferometry as well as new bistatic and multistatic SAR techniques have been defined, representing an important and innovative asset of the TanDEM-X mission. TanDEM-X is implemented in the framework of a public–private partnership between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium GmbH. The TanDEM-X satellite was successfully launched in June 2010 and the mission started its operational data acquisition in December 2010. This paper provides an overview of the TanDEM-X mission and summarizes its actual status and performance. Furthermore, results from several scientific radar experiments are presented that show the great potential of future formation-flying interferometric SAR missions to serve novel remote sensing applications.     

光学遥感图像船只目标检测识别技术

船只目标检测识别技术是现阶段遥感图像研究领域的一个重要发展方向。随着国产高分辨率卫星的快速发展，高分遥感卫星陆续发射，基于光学遥感图像的船只检测识别技术会逐步成为研究热门。主要介绍了近年来基于光学图片的船只检测识别技术发展、以及当前技术存在的问题。当前基于深度学习的船只目标检测识别技术取得了较好的检测效果，成为主流研究方向，但在光学遥感图像船只检测领域基于深度学习的方法有一些基本问题限制了检测效果，对这些问题进行了归纳总结，并对未来光学遥感图像船只检测技术的发展进行了展望。     

景物和成像条件对遥感图像品质的影响

遥感图像是遥感数据获取系统的输出,遥感图像的品质表现为遥感图像在完成遥感任务中的应用价值。遥感图像品质由成像链的状态和性能决定。成像链包含景物、成像条件和成像系统的所有组成部分。文章介绍光学遥感情况下,景物和成像条件对遥感图像品质的影响,包括景物特性和成像条件的表征,及其对遥感图像品质影响的分析。同时,指出了针对景物和成像条件,在成像系统设计和运行等方面需注意的问题。     

遥感卫星平台与载荷一体化构型

随着遥感卫星制造技术的不断提高,高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星的需求日益强烈。平台与载荷一体化设计是未来高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星发展的重要方向之一,平台与载荷一体化构型设计是平台与载荷一体化遥感卫星的关键。目前已有多颗平台与载荷一体化构型的遥感卫星在轨飞行,中国尚处于起步阶段。文章分析了平台与载荷一体化设计的遥感卫星构型;从提高图像定位精度、降低卫星质量、降低建造成本等方面,分析了平台与载荷一体化构型的优势;对载荷设计需具有整星级优化理念、载荷需提供多种接口、平台与载荷间具有强耦合关系等一体化构型的特点进行了总结;给出了一体化构型的建议,如整星形状设计、主承力结构设计、大型部件布局等。     

基于层次化分类器的遥感图像飞机目标检测

在大量航空航天遥感图像中,快速发现和统计飞机目标并对其进行准确定位,在军事和民用方面均具有重要意义。结合遥感图像特点,针对飞机目标的特征,文章设计了一种基于层次化的分类器的遥感图像飞机目标检测方法。首先用基于哈尔（Haar）特征的底层AdaBoost分类器快速去除大部分非目标区域;然后用基于梯度方向直方图（Histogram of Oriented Gradient,HOG）特征的顶层支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分类器进行精细检测。在分辨率为1m的遥感图像数据集上的实验结果表明,层次化分类器在保证较高检测率的前提下,大大降低了虚警率,可以有效解决遥感图像飞机检测问题。     

国内外遥感卫星发展现状

文章叙述了遥感卫星的发展背景以及在实际应用中的重要意义,并就气象卫星、资源卫星、海洋卫星等几种典型的遥感卫星详细介绍了国内外发展现状。     

Information Service System for Receiving and Processing Multi Source Remote Sensing Images

Based on international requirements for the application of commercial remote sensing data,an information service system for receiving and processing multi source remote sensing data was developed and introduced.The system consists of an Oversea Fixed Ground Service Station(OFGS),a Transportable Vessel-Borne Service Station(TVBS) and a Data Operation and Management Center(DOMC).Fixed and transportable service stations were developed in Venezuela,Latin America and for the China's Xuelong polar research vessel respectively,and serve the function of remote sensing data receiving,processing and application.The DOMC connects the OFGS and TVBS,so that they constitute a network to provide receiving,distribution,retrieval,browsing,ordering,and downloading functions for multi remote sensing satellite data and products.It validates the competence in providing 40 kinds of typical application products.The development of this system provides a reliable and comprehensive service for commercial remote sensing data applications for users both in domestic and oversea markets.     

资源三号卫星廊坊地区遥感数据的融合处理

本文以资源三号卫星河北省廊坊地区2A级全色遥感影像和多光谱影像数据为基础,采用遥感数字图像处理软件ERDASIMAGINE进行了研究区域的提取,并对提取的感兴趣区进行了几何校正,即图像配准处理,然后进行了融合处理,分别采用了空间增强的分辨率融合算法、改进IHS分辨率融合算法以及小波分辨率融合算法,通过和融合前的影像进行对比,融合后的影像既保留了多光谱影像的丰富的波谱信息,同时具有了全色影像的高空间分辨率的特征,最后对比三种融合算法,得出改进的IHS分辨率融合算法效果最佳。     

Expanding global access to civilian and commercial remote sensing data: implications and policy issues

Current and planned developments in the field of civilian and commercial² satellite imagery promise a major expansion in international accessibility to remote sensing data and technologies. This paper addresses the implications of the expanding global access to land remote sensing data and their derived products. While atmospheric, meteorological, and oceanographic data is also widely available at cost or free of charge, it is land remote sensing – specifically the unique systems with high-resolution and frequent revisit times – that are of primary concern for international and regional security issues. Military and intelligence satellites are not addressed in this discussion of expansion due to their inherently controlled access, unless such systems also provide commercially available imagery or products (as is the case with some Russian systems).     

卫星遥感技术的应用与发展

文章较为系统地介绍了卫星遥感技术的有关概念和应用领域,以及该技术对国民经济诸多领域的作用与贡献;论述了卫星遥感技术的发展历程和趋势;讨论了目前我国卫星遥感方面存在的问题和解决的思路。     

Super View-1-China's First Commercial Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation with a High Resolution of 0.5 m

Super View-1 satellite constellation(Super View-1 for short) is the first commercial remote sensing constellation with a resolution down to 0.5 m. It's an important part of the national spatial information infrastructure construction. It will play an important role for the global users providing remote sensing data, application solutions and remote sensing value-added services with its high-resolution and 24-hour observation capability. At present, 4 satellites of the constellation have been successfully launched and networked on orbit. The services cover surveying and mapping, land resource surveying, urban planning, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, geological mining, environmental monitoring, defense, disaster reduction along with other traditional industries. There are also great potential applications in Mobile Internet, LBS, Smart city, insurance and other emerging professions. The successful operation of Super View-1 breaks the overseas monopoly for commercial high-resolution remote sensing satellite imagery in the China market. It's one of the major achievements in China space science and technology by actively exploring the development of commercial remote sensing markets, which is of strategic significance to the development of China remote sensing satellite business.     

基于支持向量机的无参考遥感图像质量评价方法

针对遥感图像主观评价方法的低效率以及常用客观评价方法无法充分考虑人眼对图像的感知特性的问题,文章提出了一种基于支持向量机的无参考遥感图像质量（quality）评价方法。首先建立遥感图像主观评价库,然后在不需要图像失真信息的基础上,利用支持向量机（SVM）将图像的失真类型分为三类,并对每类进行单项评价,再通过加权得到遥感图像的总评分,最后将本文方法、信噪比与信息熵的评价结果回归到主观评价空间并进行对比。实验证明,文章所提方法能客观地评价遥感图像的质量,且优于信噪比和信息熵两种质量评价方法,其结果与人眼视觉感受相符。