First results of PRECISE—Development of a MEMS-based monopropellant micro chemical propulsion system

PRECISE focuses on the research and development of a MEMS-based monopropellant micro chemical propulsion system for highly accurate attitude control of satellites. The availability of such propulsion systems forms the basis for defining new mission concepts such as formation flying and rendezvous manoeuvres. These concepts require propulsion systems for precise attitude and orbit control manoeuvrability. Application-oriented aspects are addressed by two end-users who are planning a formation flying mission for which the propulsion system is crucial. Basic research is conducted aiming at improving crucial MEMS technologies required for the propulsion system. Research and development also focuses on the efficiency and reliability of critical system components. System analysis tools are enhanced to complement the development stages. Finally, the propulsion system will be tested in a simulated space vacuum environment. These experiments will deliver data for the validation of the numerical models.     

一种金属膜片式气体减压阀研制

为满足某推进分系统压力调节流量范围大、控制要求精度高、可靠性高且需满足长时间在轨使用的要求，研制了一种高精度金属膜片式气体减压阀。对该逆向卸荷金属膜片式气体减压阀的方案设计、结构特点、关键技术以及达到的技术指标进行了总结，并给出了飞行试验验证结果，经飞行试验验证，减压阀飞行工作状态良好，满足使用要求。     

A practical small satellite variable-speed control moment gyroscope for combined energy storage and attitude control

A recent effort to develop single-gimbal variable-speed control moment gyroscopes (VSCMGs) for a combined energy storage and attitude control subsystem (ESACS) on small satellites has culminated in laboratory validation of the concept. A single actuator prototype comprised of a cutting-edge Carbon Fiber rotor and COTS motor/generator components has been developed, balanced, bench tested, and integrated onto a spherical air-bearing structure. This structure is used to demonstrate the primary capability of a VSCMG to act as a dynamo whilst simultaneously changing a spacecraft's orientation in a controlled fashion. As originally predicted, the actuator's flywheel spins up when energy is supplied (supported via a direct energy transfer power architecture), then spins down when the energy source is removed, porting the energy released to run a resistive load.The work presented gives an overview of the governing principles of the technology, addresses the underlying mission and design requirements, and presents the prototype design. Then, effectiveness of the prototype integrated on a three-axis test article is presented along with its associated test data. Finally, discussion of these results and identification of future research concludes the work. The benefits of this technology for future space missions are that system consolidation permits mass reduction, higher instantaneous peak power is available as compared to conventional secondary battery systems, state-of-charge measurement is readily available from wheel speed feedback, and torque amplification through gimballing permits efficient actuator control. The technology demonstrated is exciting and leaves the door open for future development via inclusion of magnetic levitation.     

国外单组元变推力发动机应用与关键技术

介绍了国外单组元变推力发动机的应用现状,阐释了单组元变推力发动机的结构和设计原理,总结了研制和改进过程中的关键技术,主要包括径向双层夹套催化床设计、径向喷注器设计、流量稳定调节技术和催化床空穴控制技术等。美国为火星软着陆研制的MR-80和MR-80B无水肼单组元变推力发动机分别应用于“海盗”号和“好奇”号着陆器下降级推进系统。MR-80发动机可实现275~2835 N变推力调节,推力变比为10∶1,比冲为205 s,呈120°均布于“海盗”号着陆器三角形基座的长边。“好奇”号下降级推进系统由2个高压氦气瓶、3个推进剂贮箱、8台单组元变推力发动机、8台单组元250 N姿控发动机、1个压力控制组件和3个推进剂控制组件组成,MR-80B发动机可产生31~3603 N的真空推力,推力变比达到100∶1,比冲范围为204~223 s。     

飞行器制导控制一体化编队控制器设计

针对主从式结构飞行器协同编队控制问题，以侧滑转弯飞行器为研究对象，采用制导控制一体化(Integrated guidance and control, IGC)方法设计编队控制器。首先在惯性坐标系中定义相对运动坐标系，建立相对运动模型，结合飞行器动力学模型，得到全状态制导控制一体化模型；然后采用反演方法，结合滑模变结构与神经网络自适应理论设计了编队控制器，并证明了控制系统稳定性；最后在高速情况下进行了六自由度数值仿真，对比了IGC设计方法与分离设计方法的控制性能。仿真结果表明所设计的IGC控制器能够快速精确地对期望编队队形进行构建与保持，并且较分离设计方法具有优越性。     

Orbit and attitude control of a geostationary inertially oriented large flexible plate-like spacecraft

The paper presents design of a near optimal orbit and attitude control system for a very large flexible rectangular flat plate-like spacecraft in geostationary orbit, with its normal kept in the orbital plane in an inertial orientation. First, assuming the plate to be rigid, an optimal control system is designed. Two control systems are needed: one to balance the gravity gradient torque and the other to control the plate's orbit and attitude against disturbances. The interaction of the structural dynamics with the control system is investigated next. It is shown that the structural dynamics destabilizes the control system. The control design is modified to reduce the interactions, by including just a couple of flexural modes into the control logic and by optimally locating the thrusters a little away from the corners. The control structure interaction which is measured by the residual flexural energy after an orbit or attitude correction, is shown to be reduced by several orders of magnitude by the simple modifications. An approach to find an optimal location of actuators and a concept of “associated modes” are also proposed to help the designer evolve a very simple coupled orbit and attitude controllers with minimum control/structure interactions for very large flexible space systems of the future. This configuration considered represents the proposed solar power satellite, solar reflectors, communication platforms, etc.     

天地信息网络协议融合技术综述

天地信息网络融合可以实现空间与地面网络资源的充分共享和高效利用，国内外已提出多种天地一体化信息网络架构并从不同角度进行理论研究和关键技术攻关。面向CCSDS数据系统体制与空间通信协议规范（SCPS），在分析CCSDS协议体系结构及其应用发展基础上，讨论卫星链路应用TCP/IP的问题与关键机制，并综述星地一体化协议IPoC（IP over CCSDS）的技术研发与仿真研究进展。通过分析空间CCSDS协议体系与地面IP网络机制，为天地信息网络融合系统设计与网络协议研究提供参考。     

新型大尺度空间微波功率发射阵列的考虑

以空间太阳能电站为应用代表的微波功率传输系统中,微波功率发射阵列是其中的核心组成部分。为保证特定传输距离限制下的波束收集效率,目前国际上多种空间太阳能电站方案中收发天线口径都达到了km级以上。在空间构建大尺度的微波功率发射有源相控阵,面临的主要问题有：发射阵列电性能的高要求、发射阵列折叠状态的总体积限制、大功率发射阵列的热控问题。针对这些问题,文章提出了新型大尺度空间微波功率发射阵列的一些研究及设计考虑,主要包括大尺度阵列同源分发倍频的频率分配方案;高效率高集成功率发射组件技术;大尺度阵列相位同步与误差自校正技术;低剖面天线结构及型面误差补偿技术;大型天线3D打印在轨建造方案设想以及空间微波功率发射阵列热控新思路等。文章提出了新型大尺度空间微波功率发射阵列3个方面的6个主要问题,可为空间太阳能电站系统提供可优化、开放性的设计与发展思路。     

稳态等离子体电推进技术研究现状及其关键技术

研究表明,稳态等离子体推力器(SPT)具有比冲大、效率高、寿命长的优点,是具有较高性能的先进空间推进系统之一,已广泛应用于小卫星的姿态控制和轨道保持。概述了SPT的系统组成和工作原理,重点介绍了SPT的研究进展、主要性能参数、关键技术及其在潜在应用领域中的性能优势,指出其关键技术有空心阴极的热设计和结构设计以及弯曲磁场位形的设计。对我国SPT研究内容提出了建议。     

星载天线反射器形面主动控制研究现状与展望

星载天线是卫星系统的重要载荷,在远距离微波遥感、深空探测、军事侦查以及通信等领域起着决定性作用.随着天线频率和增益需求的不断提高,大口径、高精度成为星载天线主要发展方向.传统被动方法难以保证反射器在轨形面精度,而主动控制技术正成为解决这一问题的重要选择.介绍了天线反射器形面主动控制技术相关研究工作的进展,内容涉及形面主...     

Concept and Structural Features of Precision Contactless Space Systems of Active Optics

Basic points of the concept of contactless space systems of active optics are formulated. They include the principles of construction, the logic of control, and structural and designing features. The generalized structure of a typical subsystem is constructed, and the basic control algorithms corresponding to the conditions of structural decomposition of similar systems are defined.     

空间信息对抗装备体系研究

空间信息对抗装备体系是完成空间信息对抗作战任务的所有对抗装备及系统的总称,即在空间信息对抗战场中所能够使用的一切装备,涵盖外层空间、空中、地面、海上以及整个信息网络。利用系统分析的方法,在详细分析空间信息对抗作战特点和作战原则的基础上,重点开展了空间信息对抗装备体系的构成及各部分作战性能研究,建立了空间信息对抗装备体系组成框架,并分析了空间信息对抗武器装备发展趋势。     

核热火箭发动机系统循环方案分析与设计

核热火箭发动机是未来实现载人火星探测的首选动力方案,其具备高比冲、大推力和长工作寿命等优点。我国在此方面研究较少,亟需开展核热推进技术理论及方法的研究。核热火箭发动机系统循环分析与设计是关键问题之一,对推进系统总体设计有重要意义。分析了3种可用于核热火箭发动机系统循环的方案特点,基于闭式膨胀循环设计了比冲为910 s ...     

大型空间环模设备液氮系统冷箱设计

液氮系统是大型空间环境模拟设备中的主要分系统之一,液氮流程采用了单相密闭循环、文丘利管、液氮泵增压及阀门冷箱的结构方案。文章重点介绍了阀门冷箱的设计,这是近年来国外大型空间模拟器液氮流程发展的新趋势。     

Review and Prospective on Systems Engineering in China

The origin,formation and evolution of the systems engineering theory accompanied QIAN Xuesen's whole life.The systems engineering theory is the concentrated reflection of QIAN's achievements and theory in all aspects.From returning to China to pioneer China's space industry,creating a new management mode of "one overall design department,two command lines",publishing Organization and Management Technology:Systems Engineering,to proposing the theory of Open Complex Giant System(OCGS) and the theory of Metasynthetic Wisdom,all these mark the formation of the Chinese school of systems engineering.Guided by QIAN's academic ideas,various major Chinese space programs have been implemented successfully which verified the fact that the systems engineering is scientific.The systems engineering has been applied to different fields of the national economy and has a development process with the distinguished characteristics of Chinese systems science.On one hand,the systems engineering is put forward deeply along the traditional systems engineering thought and theory;on the other hand,a batch of innovations that break the traditional shackles have occurred,making the Chinese systems engineering unique and outstanding compared with foreign counterparts.     

系统框架建模逻辑思路探索（英文）

China's space technology has gradually improved from the early stages' introduction, absorption and re-innovation based on backward design to independent innovation based on forward design. It is necessary to develop a new approach of systems engineering to improve the quality and efficiency of space systems design considering the large number of original design problems expected in the future. Adopting Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE) and Digital Twin method are important development initiatives in the field of modern engineering design. In the initial phase of system design, it is necessary to generate firm system architecture models based on the needs of stakeholders. The quality of the system design in this phase has a great impact on the detailed design and implementation for the subsequent system, and also plays an important role in the performance, development progress and cost of the whole system. Through the collaboration of cross-professional teams, modeling and model execution, comparing the model execution with expected results, MBSE has enabled digital model-level verification and validation before test verification and validation based on physical products, thus improving the design exactness, completeness and greatly reducing design errors or defects. This paper explores the logical ideas behind modeling of system architectures in order to promote the adoption of MBSE in the field of space systems.     

双模式化学推进技术发展研究

阐述了卫星双模式推进系统的技术特征、工作原理及应用优势。总结了国内外对双模式推进技术研究的历史发展和研究现状,针对双模式推进系统的未来发展,对双模式推进的关键技术进行了总结和分析,说明了双模式推进技术研究的必要性和重要性。提出了我国双模式推进系统相关的发展策略和途径。在此基础上,根据我国已有的航天器单、双组元推进技术基础和航天任务对寿命、控制精度及工作环境提出了新的要求,并指出了发展双模式推进系统的初步设想。     

基于空间机械臂的柔顺抓捕技术研究综述

空间机械臂是广泛应用于空间探索与实验的重要机电设备,柔顺抓捕技术为其执行主要任务的基础。空间机械臂柔顺抓捕技术主要分为结构设计与控制方法两个方面。首先介绍了目前已成功应用的空间机械臂末端执行器系统,分析了其结构与抓捕原理特点,说明了相应优势与不足,并给出结构优化的合理建议。然后介绍柔顺抓捕的控制方法在空间任务以及部分非空间任务中的成功应用,比较了其特性与优劣,归纳出优化的空间机械臂柔顺抓捕控制策略。本研究期望为空间机械臂柔顺抓捕技术的研究提供思路。     

远程空天运输系统总体设计与控制技术的科学挑战

远程空天运输系统是一种利用航天运载技术实施全球极速运输的运载工具，具有小时级洲际到达能力，可作为陆海空传统运输方式的重要补充。具有现实的社会、科技、经济应用价值。分析了远程空天运输系统的发展需求与意义，对标设计要求研究了技术实现途径，在进一步分析系统的任务特点和技术特点分析基础上，提出了远程空天运输系统总体设计与控制技术中的设计难点与科学挑战，为未来远程空天运输系统设计提供参考。