计算辐射冷却推力室不稳定温度场的隐式格式

导出了计算液体火箭发动机辐射冷却推力室不稳定温度场的隐式差分格式,并作了线性化处理。据此编制通用程序,可以计算任意辐射冷却推力室的不稳定温度场。     

大推力氢氧发动机翻转工艺研究

通过对大推力氢氧发动机翻转过程进行分析,介绍了传统翻转方案存在的问题。对比几种不同的工艺改进方案,从中选择出最佳方案,有效地解决了大推力氢氧发动机的翻转技术难题,成功应用于生产中。     

大推力氢氧发动机关键技术及解决途径

200吨级大推力氢氧发动机是重型运载火箭的基础,是航天强国的重要标志.与以往氢氧发动机相比,大推力氢氧发动机推力量级和结构参数均有大幅度提高,是目前世界上推力最大的高空发动机,发动机的设计、生产和试验技术跨度大、要求高,需要开展一系列的技术攻关工作.根据200吨级大推力氢氧发动机技术特点,介绍了发动机的总体技术方案,根据发动机技术特点和使用要求,梳理了一批制约发动机技术水平提高、系统方案优化和工程实施的关键技术,并提出了解决途径.     

Thrust modulation of solid propellant rockets by a fluidic vortex valve with secondary combustion

An analytical model for calculation of the thrust and pressure modulation of a solid propellant rocket by means of a fluidic vortex valve with secondary combustion has been developed. Thrust control by the vortex valve method was found superior to the axial injection of control flow. Addition of oxygen in the injected flow improves the energetic performance of the system as well as the thrust modulation capability. Experiments have been conducted using a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen as the injection gas. The two main parameters investigated in a series of experiments were the oxygen percentage in the injection gas and the ratio between the mass flow rates of the control gas and the solid propellant combustion products. The results show an increase of thrust by a factor of 2 for a 25% addition in mass flow rate by secondary injection at optimal conditions.     

固体火箭发动机瞬态推力复现技术研究

在数学补偿法的基础上，提出固体火箭发动机瞬态推力的数学复现法，并建立了测力系统的动态数学模型，通过实验室小结构系统的输入激励复现试验研究，验证了该方法的正确性，并应用于真应发动机的实验推力曲线分析，复现结果有效可靠。     

嵌金属丝端燃药柱固体发动机水下点火数值模拟研究

为探讨降低固体火箭发动机水下点火初期推力峰值的方法,通过对燃气采用常微分控制方程、对嵌金属丝采用一维传热方程、对端燃药柱采用二维轴对称传热方程、对燃气泡采用球形气泡模型,就嵌金属丝端燃药柱发动机水下点火的工作过程进行了数值模拟研究。算例结果显示,发动机水下点火初期的推力峰值小于稳定工作推力,初始燃面积对推力峰值影响较大,发动机达到稳定工作推力所需时间随药柱直径的减小而迅速减小,发射深度的变化对推力达到稳定状态所需时间影响很小。     

Five millinewton field emission thruster testing

A compact cluster of two 80-mm-wide emitters has been designed, built and tested. The field emission thruster using this cluster is able to produce thrust in excess of 5 mN at high mass efficiency.     

MHD-Arc-Ramjet联合循环与AJAX间的性能比较

为了提高冲压发动机在更高速度区内的性能，扩展发动机的运行速度范围，需要在并行于发动机的燃烧室处附加一套能量旁路系统。采用热力学方法针对两种带有能量旁路的冲压发动机分别在理想和实际情况下进行了性能分析和比较，结果表明：理想条件下MAX的单位推力要高于MHD-Arc—Ramjet联合循环；考虑到后者可以在更高的温度下进行能量注入，其在单位推力方面是具有优势的。实际条件下在很宽的飞行Ma范围内MHD—Arc-Ramjet联合循环的单位推力要高于AJAX。     

机电一体化推力测量系统的研制及应用

依据某型号发动机地面试验推力测量要求,从推力测量原理、测量不确定度分析、推力校准、数据采集、数据处理等多方面开展研究,成功地研制设计了机电一体化的推力测量系统。该系统在试车台上进行了实际试车。试验结果表明,该系统稳定、可靠,满足0．5％推力测量精度要求。     

凝胶试验系统的设计及试后处理工艺

总结了凝胶发动机不同研制阶段相对应的试验系统以及系统试后处理工艺。包括以下几个方面:25N发动机试验系统的建立;变推力发动机试验系统的建立;双组元发动机试验系统的建立;变推力发动机试验系统的最终建立和凝胶试验系统试后处理工艺。通过对不同试验系统的建立与比较,确立了最终的凝胶试验系统及系统试后处理工艺。     

直连式RBCC来流模拟段设计及参数处理方法

介绍了直连式RBCC火箭引射模态的地面实验系统,对来流模拟段进行了设计,并对实验状态下来流参数的确定与发动机推力的计算方法进行了研究,建立了推力模型,对系统进行了原位标定。实验结果表明,在管道充压条件下,工作传感器测得的推力与原位标定时施加的推力呈线性关系,与软管中的来流总压关系不大;这种设计不会对推力产生不确定的干扰,且起到了密封作用。     

药柱的燃速弧线特征

存放多年的双基推进剂药柱,经实验发现,在肉厚方向有一种称为“燃速弧线”的特征,也称为“虹效应”,爆热也有此特征,它会引起固体火箭发动机压强曲线和推力曲线的变异,从而对导弹的战术性能发生影响。     

动态推力频域恢复技术

介绍了固体火箭发动机静止试验动态推力的测量方法。首先对试验台架和发动机进行动态校准得到系统的响应函数，然后利用频率响应函数对试验过程中测到的输出力函数进行恢复，以获得真实的输入力函数。实践证明，频域恢复技术是有效的途径之一。     

微射流技术的原理及其应用

介绍了微射流技术的原理及其初步应用。基于非线性系统的演化对初始条件具有敏感依赖这个事实发展起来的微射流技术，由于与常规持续喷射射流控制方式相比具有许多优点，因而在流动和换热控制应用方面取得明显的效果。并指出，随着研究工作的深入，该项技术还可望用于高马赫数飞行体表面气体流动控制、火箭发动机推力方向控制等。     

固体火箭发动机特性对空射滑翔式弹道飞行器性能影响分析

为研究空射滑翔式弹道飞行器固体火箭发动机特性对飞行器综合性能的影响,构建了基于序列二次优化法(SQP)的弹道优化模型,设计了多套不同推力形式、不同特性参数的固体火箭发动机方案。通过开展空射滑翔式弹道飞行器弹道仿真分析,获取了不同动力特性下的最优爬升攻角变化规律,对比分析了相关弹道特征指标。结果 表明:采用长时间-小推力...     

补燃循环发动机推力调节过程建模与仿真研究

以补燃循环液氧煤油发动机为研究对象,对其推力调节特性进行了研究.建立了描述补燃循环发动机瞬变过程的数学模型,提出了求解供应系统管路内液体瞬变流控制方程的Chebyshev伪谱方法,应用该模型对补燃循环液氧煤油发动机的推力调节特性进行了仿真计算,并将计算结果与试验数据进行了对比分析,验证了模型和算法的合理性.研究结果表明：对于所研究的补燃循环发动机系统而言,通过调节发生器中较少组元的流量,改变涡轮泵的功率,可很好地实现调节推力的目的,且该推力调节系统具有良好的动态调节品质和很强的抗干扰性.     

A new generation of space engines

A primary method of launching future spacecraft will be the Space Transportation System (STS). Studies have identified minimum length stages capable of lifting heavy and deployed payloads from the STS low-Earth orbit to geosynchronous Earth orbit using storage or cryogenic propulsion systems.

Aerojet TechSystems is presently developing two engines suitable for these stages, a storable engine in the few thousand pound thrust range, and a cryogenic engine with a thrust of only a few hundred pounds. The stringent life and performance requirements of these engines offer new technical challenges which can only be met through the consequent employment of novel materials and processes for the storable engine and through innovative design concepts for the cryogenic engine. The storable engine breadboard testing has been accomplished, and the flightweight development program will be complete by the end of this decade. A qualified engine is anticipated for service in the early 1990 time frame. The low thrust cryogenic engine lags this storable engine by approximately three years in development and availability.

This paper discusses the technical issues, their solutions, and the development status of these two engines.     

Design exploration for a single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) using data mining

The single expansion ramp nozzle is an essential component for hypersonic vehicles to improve their internal/external integral level and produce most of the thrust force. The two-dimensional coupled implicit Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the two-equation RNG k–ε turbulent model have been employed to numerically simulate the flow field in a single expansion ramp nozzle, and the interactions between the parametric parameters and the objective functions, namely the thrust force and the lift force, have been investigated by using the data mining technique coupled with a design of the experiment. The obtained results show that the physical model has a good two-dimensional structure, and the numerical results show very good agreement with the available experimental data. At the same time, the grid scale has only a slight impact on the pressure distribution. The influences of the horizontal length of the inner nozzle, the external expansion ramp and the internal cowl expansion on the thrust force performance are substantial, as are the effects of the internal cowl expansion and the external expansion ramp on the lift force performance. Further, optimized configurations of the single expansion ramp nozzle are obtained by using single- and multi-objective design optimization methods coupled with the Kriging surrogate model, and the optimized performances show very good agreement with the numerical predictions. The discrepancies between the optimized performances and the numerical predictions are less than 0.05%, and the method proposed in this paper is efficient in designing and optimizing the nozzle configuration.     

战术导弹固体发动机的关键技术问题

讨论了战术导弹固体发动机在高能推进剂、碳纤维壳体、轻质小力矩柔性喷管和双脉冲发动机等关键技术方面取得的进展。其中，HTPB推进剂的性能达到比较完善的水平，已用于各类战术导弹。高能、低特征信号GAP推进剂通过了实验发动机试验。碳纤维壳体达到了实用水平。发动机能量管理和向量控制技术的研制与开发工作正在开展之中。