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二次电子发射对稳态等离子体推进器加速通道鞘层的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
稳态等离子体推进器(Stationary Plasma Thruster,SPT)工作时产生的高密度等离子体遇到其加速通道陶瓷器壁时,在陶瓷器壁与等离子体之间形成鞘层。离子会在鞘层电场作用下到达SPT加速通道器壁表面进而复合,而等离子体中的电子由于具有高能可跃过鞘层电场轰击器壁表面,从而产生二次电子发射效应。从器壁表面发射出的二次电子由于受到鞘层电场的排斥,导致其向等离子体源区移动,进而影响等离子体鞘层的特性。建立了考虑二次电子发射效应的无碰撞等离子体鞘层的一维流体模型,研究了二次电子发射对SPT加速通道鞘层特性的影响。计算结果显示,随二次电子发射系数增加,鞘层电势、离子密度、电子密度和二次电子密度增加,而离子速度降低,鞘层中离子密度始终大于电子密度。鞘层中二次电子绝大多数集中在器壁附近,随二次电子穿越鞘层厚度的增加,二次电子密度快速下降。 相似文献
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Murphy JR 《Journal of the British Interplanetary Society》1989,42(7):383-390
Future space travellers and settlers will be exposed to a variety of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Extrinsic sources will include solar and stellar fluxes, planetary fluxes, and supernovae. Intrinsic sources may include fusion and ion engines, EMFs from electrical equipment, radar, lighting, superconduction energy storage systems, magnetic bearings on gyroscopic control and orientation systems, and magnetic rail microprobe launch systems. Communication sources may include radio and microwave frequencies, and laser generating systems. Magnetic fields may also be used for deflection of radiation. There is also a loss of the normal Geomagnetic field (GMF) which includes static, alternating, and time-varying components. This paper reviews exposure limits and the biological effects of EMFs, and evidence for an electromagnetic sense organ and a relationship between man and the Geomagnetic field. 相似文献
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20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
离子推力器工作时会产生对外电磁辐射,因此离子电推进应用于航天器时存在电磁兼容性问题。为初步了解离子推力器工作产生的电磁辐射特性,利用经改造后的地面专用试验系统进行了20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射测试试验。文章介绍了20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射的试验方案,采用两种形式进行:推力器电场辐射发射试验,测试频段为10 kHz~5 GHz;推力器瞬态电场辐射发射试验,测试频段为100 kHz~5 GHz。试验结果表明:在离子电推进稳态工作过程和几个瞬态工况点,未发生电磁干扰现象。 相似文献
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Cosmic Research - The role is considered of all known potential sources of excitation of the 1D term of atomic oxygen in auroras and the value of their relative contributions to the emission... 相似文献
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We present observations and processing of the March 29, 2006 solar eclipse data at the radio telescopes RT-3 (λ = 4.9 cm)
and RT-2 (λ = 3.2 cm) of the Kislovodsk Solar Station of the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory of RAS. Registration of the
emission flux was conducted by electron method with a time resolution of 0.5 s. Compact sources on the solar disk are identified,
and the contribution of coronal holes into the integral flux is determined. Comparisons to observations in the optical and
X-ray ranges are performed. The intensity of sources behind the solar limb is estimated. The ratio of the intensity of residual
radiation in the maximum phase to the solar emission before the eclipse was equal to 3.7 and 5.9% for 3.2 and 4.9 cm, respectively. 相似文献
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Field electron emission from aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been assessed to determine if the performance, defined by power consumption, lifetime and emission current, is suitable for use in spacecraft charge neutralisation for field emission electric propulsion (FEEP). Carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were mounted on a dual in line chip with a macroscopic (nickel mesh) extractor electrode mounted ~1 mm above the tubes. The nanotubes’ field emission characteristics (emission currents, electron losses and operating voltage) were measured at ~10?4 Pa. An endurance test of one sample, running at a software-controlled constant emission current lasted >1400 h, approaching the longest known FEEP thruster lifetime. The emission corresponds to a current density of ~10 mA/cm2 at a voltage of 150 V. These results, implementing mature extractor-electrode geometry, indicate that carbon nanotubes have considerable potential for development as robust, low-power, long-lived electron emitters for use in space. 相似文献
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毫米波低副瓣波导窄边缝隙行波阵的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文中介绍一种毫米波低副瓣波导窄边缝隙行波阵的设计方法。设计过程中利用高频电磁仿真软件Ansoft-HFSS模拟实验过程,精确获取缝隙初始参数;合理选择数据拟合方法和变量形式拟合缝隙电导函数,减小数据误差的积累,达到理想逼近缝隙电导与其尺寸的关系;考虑交叉极化分量的影响后计算电导分布,精确获取缝隙倾角。采用该方法设计一根中心频率为35.5GHz的148单元缝隙直线阵。泰勒综合副瓣值为-40dB,仿真得到的最大副瓣为-35dB,实测E面方向图的最大副瓣值为-28.3dB。 相似文献
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High-altitude measurements and magnetic field distribution in active regions are always an important problem to verify existing models at heights from units to hundreds of Mm. Optical methods of analysis of the magnetic structure work well only at the photosphere level. At the same time, the progress of radio astronomy methods of analyzing the solar radio emission [1] and of the theory of solar plasma radiation [2] facilitates introduction of new methods for measuring the magnetic field strength at various altitudes in the solar atmosphere. In this paper we use multi-wave observations of polarization of the radio emission of active regions in the microwave range together with precise magnetosphere data in order to develop a method of projection for measuring the height distribution of the magnetic field. 相似文献
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基于可进化硬件的容错技术及其原理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
可进化硬件容错技术是一种模仿生物进化过程的容错方法,现已成为世界各国容错计算技术领域新的研究方向。可进化硬件不是采用传统的静态冗余技术,而是利用其本身固有的特性实现容错。重点论述可进化硬件技术的2个基本要素,并分析其实现容错的原理。 相似文献
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N. F. Blagoveshchenskaya T. D. Borisova A. S. Kalishin V. N. Kayatkin T. K. Yeoman I. Häggström 《Cosmic Research》2018,56(1):11-25
Using the results of coordinated experiments on the modification of the high-latitude ionosphere by powerful HF radio emission of the EISCAT/Heating facility, effects of the impact of powerful HF radio waves of the ordinary (O-mode) and extraordinary (Х-mode) polarization on the high-latitude ionospheric F region have been compared. During the experiments, a powerful HF radio wave was emitted in the magnetic zenith direction at frequencies within the 4.5–7.9 MHz range. The effective power of the emission was 150–650 MW. The behavior and characteristics of small-scale artificial ionospheric irregularities (SAIIs) during O- and X-heating at low and high frequencies are considered in detail. A principal difference has been found in the development of the Langmuir and ion–acoustic turbulence (intensified by the heating of the plasma and ion–acoustic lines in the spectrum of the EISCAT radar of incoherent scatter of radio waves) in the О- and Х-heating cycles after switching on the heating facility. It has been shown that, under the influence on the ionospheric plasma of a powerful HF radio wave of the Х-polarization, intense spectral components in the spectrum of the narrow-band artificial ionospheric radio emission (ARI) were registered at distances on the order of 1200 km from the heating facility. 相似文献
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为了分析国内首台通过在轨飞行测试的20cm离子推力器栅极系统束流离子运行特性和推力器性能,针对该推力器栅极系统建立了束流引出二维数值仿真计算模型,利用PIC/MCC数值仿真计算方法,模拟束流引出过程中带电粒子在电场作用下的加速、聚焦与引出、带电粒子与中性原子之间的相互作用、电场和等离子体流场之间的相互耦合等过程。数值计算结果显示,屏栅截获的离子电流约为1.71×10 -4 A,加速栅截获的电流和CEX离子电流分别为0 A和9.11×10 -7 A,因此,加速栅电流的主要来源是冲击到其表面的CEX离子,证明了加速栅电流的主要来源是冲击到其表面的CEX离子,计算的加速栅截获电流与束流电流之比约为0.114%。试验测得推力器运行4000h期间,电子反流极限电压始终为75~90〖KG*9〗V,其变化幅度很小,这意味着中和器发射的电子在栅极系统中的反流不会导致其发生失效。理论计算结果与试验测试值相比,误差约为1.08%。〖JP〗 相似文献
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载人航天器的防护要求不断增强, 在轨泄漏检测的重要性日益凸现。文章阐述了航天器在轨泄漏声发射检测的基本原理, 介绍了泄漏检测系统的基本组成及性能参数。通过泄漏声发射检测实验, 利用频谱分析法和特征参数分析法对不同孔径圆形漏孔泄漏产生的声发射信号进行研究, 得到了泄漏声发射信号的频谱和特征参数。实验结果表明, 机械泵运行产生的背景噪声信号主要分布在10 kHz以下, 而气体泄漏产生的是高频声发射信号, 且漏孔越小, 信号能量越小, 高频成分所占比例越大。该研究对于航天器在轨泄漏的检测及泄漏量评估等具有实际意义。 相似文献
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太赫兹(THz)科学与技术是近年来国际学术研究的前沿和热点,而THz辐射源则是制约THz科学与技术发展的关键因素之一。基于真空电子学的THz源具有功率大和效率高等优势,特别是扩展互作用器件(EIO/EIA)、返波振荡器(BWO)、行波管(TWT)等都可发展为紧凑型的THz源,适合机载和星载平台应用;而回旋电子器件和自由电子激光等则具有高功率的优势,在陆基或海基平台上具有重要的应用潜力。文章在介绍THz波在航空航天领域相关应用的基础上,着重介绍了各种THz真空电子学源的发展水平。 相似文献
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《Acta Astronautica》2014,93(2):547-552
The possibility of interstellar migration has been theorized during the past thirty years in the form of “Dysonships” that, using non-relativistic propulsion systems, are able to colonize the Galaxy in a relatively short time compared to the age of the Galaxy and consequently penetrate inside our solar system too. Observational evidence of this can be potentially obtained using the present state of the art of telescopes and related sensors, by following aimed searches and an expanded SETI protocol. Some transient and unrepeated radio signals recorded during standard SETI observations might be due to the transit of high-proper motion artificial sources of extraterrestrial origin, which are expected to show a very weak optical emission, a strong infrared excess and occasional high-energy bursts in the X and Gamma-ray wavelength ranges. Such artificial sources might show an interest to Earth by sending probes to visit it: such a possibility can be investigated scientifically as well. 相似文献
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