落管中双波长测温系统工作波长的优化设计

根据测量所要求的动态范围、线性度、灵敏度 ,通过数值计算得出落管中双波长温度测量中的工作波长及带宽的最佳范围 ,结合实际情况最终确定工作波长为 1 4 μm和 1 5 5 μm ,其带宽均为 0 0 3μm。     

关于单波段光电高温计有效波长及波长位移的探讨

介绍了一种单波段光电高温计有效波长的计算方法。它不需精确确定光电高温计的光谱特性函数,也不需对光谱辐射功率进行积分计算,只要用温度定标中光电高温计光电探测器输出的光电信号即可计算有效波长。这个方法简单易行。     

三波长辐射温度计

采用辐射法测量物体表面真实温度的最大困难是被测材料表面的发射率难测。三波长辐射温度计能消除发射率对测温的影响,尤其是对抛光表面的测温。本文基于推导多波长辐射温度计的理论,推出了一种三波长辐射测温法的新关系式,并建立了三波长辐射温度计的数学模型。     

固定发射率辐射温度计校准中的温度修正计算方法

主要对固定发射率的辐射温度计在校准时如何进行发射率偏差引起的温度修正值的计算方法进行了讨论。针对一般的修正计算涉及到在工作波段内对Planck公式进行复杂的积分运算,提出了引入有效波长的处理方法,大大简化了修正计算过程。在用有效波长对较宽波段(例如8μm~14μm)进行处理时发现,对于宽波段,同样也存在着一个有效波长,用该有效波长替代复杂的波段积分计算,可以使得对该波段的研究计算简化。采用有效波长的处理方法与积分处理方法相比较,处理结果符合性很好,证明了引入有效波长概念的处理方法是正确的。     

微带介质基片介电常数的导内波长法测量

介绍了一种通过测量微带的导内波长来间接测量介质基片的介电常数的方法,给出了导内波长的测量方法,介电常数的计算公式,以及推导出测量误差分析的数学模型。并举实例加以说明。     

无人机红外辐射特性测量方法

无人机飞行时红外辐射特性测量受多方面因素影响,测量精度低,不能满足试验要求。采用室内标定、室外成像进行红外辐射特性反演,利用Fas Code软件对大气传输进行估算,对测量结果进行修正,获得无人机红外辐射特性,测量结果与实际情况一致,测量方法有效。     

无人机红外辐射特性测量方法

无人机飞行时红外辐射特性测量受多方面因素影响,测量精度低,不能满足试验要求。采用室内标定、室外成像进行红外辐射特性反演,利用FasCode软件对大气传输进行估算,对测量结果进行修正,获得无人机红外辐射特性,测量结果与实际情况一致,测量方法有效。     

蒙特卡洛方法计算空间辐射制冷器的辐射交换系数

介绍了用蒙特卡洛方法数值模拟由漫发射面和镜反射面组成的封闭腔中的辐射换热的一般过程;并用蒙特卡洛方法求解了具有较复杂几何关系及表面特性的空间辐射制冷器二级冷块对锥口的辐射交换系数和一级冷块对屏口的辐射交换系数;给出了程序框图;对计算结果进行了分析。     

辐射测温技术综述

简要叙述了辐射测温技术发展历史,对辐射测温学的三种基本测温方法,亮度测温法、全辐射测温法和颜色测温法引申出的三类辐射温度计进行了简单比较,同时简要归纳了辐射测温的几个发展动向。     

红外测温系统中电路性能对工作波长选择的影响

红外测温中需要选择合适的工作波长。在一定的测温范围和准确度的要求下 ,根据测温系统中电路性能可以确定工作波长的选择范围 ,这对于测温时红外滤波片的选择具有一定的指导意义。     

A noise attenuation method for medium-energy electron measurements in the radiation belt

From the viewpoint of plasma particle measurements in the radiation belt, background noise is a serious problem. High-energy particles penetrating the sensor shielding generate spurious signals, and their count rate often can be comparable to the true signals. In order to attenuate such background noise during medium-energy (5–83 keV) electron measurements, we propose the double energy analyses (DEA) method. DEA is conducted by a combination of an electrostatic analyser (ESA) and avalanche photo-diodes (APDs); ESA and APD independently determine the energy of each incoming particle. By using the DEA method, therefore, the penetrating particles can be rejected when the two energy determinations are inconsistent; spurious noise are caused only when the deposited energy at an APD is by chance consistent with the measured energy by ESA. We formulate the noise count rate and show the advantage of DEA method quantitatively.     

一种新型陀螺的力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法

为提高磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）对陀螺载体姿态的敏感精度,基于其洛伦兹力磁轴承（LFMB）的设计结构,提出了一种力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法。首先,针对一种新型双球形包络面转子MSCSG,介绍了MSCSG的结构特点与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感原理,并分别建立了MSCSG力矩器半径误差模型、转子偏转干扰力矩模型与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差模型。其次,通过实验测量了力矩器的圆度,通过MATLAB进行数据拟合得到了力矩器的非圆特性,采用勒让德多项式级数对力矩器非圆性进行了描述,并有效补偿了因力矩器非圆性误差导致的姿态角速度敏感误差。最后,对误差补偿效果进行了仿真验证,结果表明该补偿方法使陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差降低了83.5%。此外,本文方法还可以解决LFMB陀螺的相关共性问题。      

A comparison of radiation shielding effectiveness of materials for highly elliptical orbits

The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) has proposed a Polar Communications and Weather (PCW) satellite mission, in conjunction with other partners. The PCW will provide essential communications and meteorological services to the Canadian Arctic, as well as space weather observations of in situ ionizing radiation along the orbit. The CSA has identified three potential Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEOs) for a PCW satellite constellation, Molniya, Modified Tundra and Triple Apogee (TAP), each having specific merits, which would directly benefit the performance/longevity of a PCW spacecraft. Radiation shielding effectiveness of various materials was studied for the three PCW orbit options to determine the feasibility of employing materials other than conventional aluminium to achieve a specified spacecraft shielding level with weight savings over aluminium. It was found that, depending on the orbit-specific radiation environment characteristics, the benefits of using polyethylene based materials is significant enough (e.g., 22% in Molniya for PE at 50 krad TID) to merit further investigation.     

A new model for atmospheric radiation under clear sky condition at various altitudes

Atmospheric radiation is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. A high-performance model is needed to evaluate the atmospheric radiation. Based on the atmospheric radiation database containing 24,862 data points compiled from 7 stations with the elevation from sea level to 2373 m and the reference code MODTRAN, a new atmospheric radiation model is proposed using regression and optimization software. It has excellent prediction accuracy with the coefficient of determination of 0.94, the root mean square error of 15.1 W/m², and the mean absolute percentage error of 4.13% for the database. Comparison with the well-known existing model shows that the new model has the highest prediction accuracy. The new model predictions agree with the MODTRAN calculations at various altitudes very well, and thus it can be used for estimating the thermal performances of a high altitude aerostat.     

电推进系统Xe物理特性计算方法

空间电推进系统的工质为Xe,其工作温度范围为-30～45 ℃,该范围覆盖Xe的临界点。在临界点附近,Xe可能呈现出多种形态,且对温度和压力变化十分敏感,采用传统状态方程在上述范围内计算其物理参数偏差最大可达30%。为解决这一问题,以CH₄作为参考流体,建立了一种基于对比态原理的Xe物理特性计算方法。该方法能够对包括气相、液相、超临界区域的所有状态Xe物理性质进行准确计算。试验研究与国外数据对比的结果表明,在整个压力-温度范围内,计算误差小于0.5%。     

A new modeling method of solar energetic proton events for ISO specification

Solar energetic protons degrade performance and reliability of spacecraft systems due to single-event effects, total dose effects and displacement damage in electronics components including solar cells. On designing a solar cell panel, a total fluence of solar energetic protons (SEPs) which cause solar cell damage is needed to estimate power loss of the solar cells over mission life. Nowadays a solar panel area of spacecraft is increasing as spacecraft mission life becomes longer (15–18 years). Thus an accurate SEP model is strongly required for the cost-minimum design from the aerospace industry. The SEP model, JPL-91 proposed by Feynman et al., is currently used widely for solar cell designing. However, it is known that the JPL-91 model predicts higher fluences of protons than values actually experienced in space, especially after 7 years on orbit. In addition, the model is based on several assumptions, and also needs Monte-Carlo simulations for calculating fluences. In this study, we propose a new method for modeling SEPs especially focused on solar cell degradation. The newly-proposed method is empirical, which constructs a model based directly upon proton flux measurement data taken by instruments onboard spacecraft. This method has neither assumptions nor dependence on SEP event selection, both of which are needed in JPL-91. The model fluences derived from this method show lower fluences in longer missions compared to JPL-91. This method has been proposed to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and has been discussed for a new standard SEP model.     

A new approach to the telescope operation method for satellite tracking using a time synchronization technique

For the development of a telescope that is capable of precisely tracking satellites and high-speed operation such as satellite laser ranging, a special method of telescope operation is required. This study aims to propose a new telescope operation method and system configuration for the independent development of a mount and an operation system which includes the host computer. Considering that the tracking of a satellite is performed in real time, communication and synchronization between the two independent subsystems are important. Therefore, this study applied the concept of time synchronization, which is used in various fields of industry, to the communication between the command computer and the mount. In this case, communication delays do not need to be considered in general, and it is possible to cope with data loss. Above all, when the mount is replaced in the future, only the general communication interface needs to be modified, and thus, it is not limited by replacement in terms of the overall system management. The performance of the telescope operation method developed in this study was verified by applying the method to the first mobile SLR system in Korea. This study is significant in that it proposed a new operation method and system configuration, to which the concept of time synchronization was applied, for the observation system that requires an optical telescope.     

A new method for improving the performance of an ionospheric model developed by multi-instrument measurements based on artificial neural network

There are remarkable ionospheric discrepancies between space-borne (COSMIC) measurements and ground-based (ionosonde) observations, the discrepancies could decrease the accuracies of the ionospheric model developed by multi-source data seriously. To reduce the discrepancies between two observational systems, the peak frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) derived from the COSMIC and ionosonde data are used to develop the ionospheric models by an artificial neural network (ANN) method, respectively. The averaged root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of COSPF (COSMIC peak frequency model), COSPH (COSMIC peak height model), IONOPF (Ionosonde peak frequency model) and IONOPH (Ionosonde peak height model) are 0.58 MHz, 19.59 km, 0.92 MHz and 23.40 km, respectively. The results indicate that the discrepancies between these models are dependent on universal time, geographic latitude and seasons. The peak frequencies measured by COSMIC are generally larger than ionosonde’s observations in the nighttime or middle-latitudes with the amplitude of lower than 25%, while the averaged peak height derived from COSMIC is smaller than ionosonde’s data in the polar regions. The differences between ANN-based maps and references show that the discrepancies between two ionospheric detecting techniques are proportional to the intensity of solar radiation. Besides, a new method based on the ANN technique is proposed to reduce the discrepancies for improving ionospheric models developed by multiple measurements, the results indicate that the RMSEs of ANN models optimized by the method are 14–25% lower than the models without the application of the method. Furthermore, the ionospheric model built by the multiple measurements with the application of the method is more powerful in capturing the ionospheric dynamic physics features, such as equatorial ionization, Weddell Sea, mid-latitude summer nighttime and winter anomalies. In conclusion, the new method is significant in improving the accuracy and physical characteristics of an ionospheric model based on multi-source observations.