我国实施环境审计的理性思考

环境问题已成为人类所面临的全球性严峻挑战,在我国尤为突出。解决环境问题,实施可持续发展战略,是一个庞大而复杂的系统工程,环境审计作为综合性的经济监督手段,是其中必不可少的重要组成部分。但我国环境审计的理论研究和实践工作刚刚起步,尚处于探索阶段,探讨开展我国环境审计的策略,已成为亟待解决的一个课题。     

我国实施环境审计的理性思考

环境问题已成为人类所面临的全球性严峻挑战，在我国尤为突出。解决环境问题，实施可持续发展战略，是一个庞大而复杂的系统工程，环境审计作为综合性的经济监督手段，是其中必不可少的重要组成部分。但我国环境审计的理论研究和实践工作刚刚起步，尚处于探索阶段，探讨开展我国环境审计的策略，已成为亟待解决的一个课题。     

新常态下我国制造业转型升级过程中的创新型高技能人才培养研究

新常态下,单纯的要素驱动已经不足以支撑产业发展。"人口红利"面临消失,劳动力要素资源不再廉价,中国制造业面临成本上升和需求不足的双向挤压,利润空间不断压缩,转型升级迫在眉睫。人才资源是中国制造业转型升级中必不可少的战略资源,具有创新精神的高素质技能人才队伍更是实现创新驱动的关键因素,解决当前的技能人才不足问题,培养创新型高素质技能人才队伍,实施全面的人本高素质战略是中国制造业转型升级必然选择。     

太空资源开发技术体系研究

为解决地球可持续发展面临的战略性资源重大问题和规模化太空探索面临原位资源补给重大挑战,太空资源开发已成为当前国际航天发展的前沿热点领域。在阐明太空资源开发的概念和内涵、深入分析国内外技术发展现状与趋势的基础上,结合太阳系资源分布特点,提出了太阳系资源开发体系架构和“天工开物”倡议设想。以人类社会发展紧密相关的战略性矿产资源开发为核心,以水冰资源开发和水基推进剂制备为基础,以地球为中心,由近及远,分阶段建设月球资源开发体系、近地小天体采矿体系、火星资源开发体系、主带小行星采矿体系、类木行星探索开发体系及内行星探索开发体系,逐步构建全太阳系资源的开发能力。     

发挥卫星遥感优势 促进可持续发展

一、可持续发展战略的提出全球人口的增长、经济的发展导致了一系列环境问题,如全球变暖、臭氧层破坏、生物多样性在消失等,这些问题对人类的健康和生存环境产生了极为不利的影响。人类生存和经济发展是以消费资源和消耗能源为基础的。长     

发挥卫星遥感优势促进可持续发展

一、可持续发展战略的提出全球人口的增长、经济的发展导致了一系列环境问题，如全球变暖、臭氧层破坏、生物多样性在消失等，这些问题对人类的健康和生存环境产生了极为不利的影响。人类生存和经济发展是以消费资源和消耗能源为基础的。长期以来，经济的发展是以资源的过度开发和能源的过度消耗为代价的，同时对环境和生态造成了污染和破坏。照此状况发展下去，几十至几百年后，人类将无地可耕，无矿可采，无能（矿物能源）可用，环境恶化、生态退化，人类的生存和生活将受到严重威胁。基于越来越严重的全球人口、资源和环境问题，１９７２…     

关于国家卫星导航产业政策体系建设的探讨

在全球卫星导航产业快速发展的时代背景下,我国卫星导航产业发展仍面临诸多问题和严峻挑战,顶层谋划并构建国家卫星导航产业政策体系的任务迫在眉睫。本文在开展实地调研、专家研讨和书面问卷基础上,分析了国家卫星导航产业政策体系建设的外部环境及机遇挑战,提出了国家卫星导航产业政策体系建设的总体思路、基本框架和亟待研究和制定的政策建议。     

邓小平留学出国经历对其现代化思想的影响

邓小平是中国改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师,其现代化思想的萌芽得益于他早年留学的经历,而其对中国现代化发展的大局的形成则得益于他出国的经历。探讨邓小平现代化思想的形成与发展,有助于全面建设小康社会,加快推进中国现代化的进程。     

在科学发展观指导下加快我校前进步伐

科学发展观是我们党以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,对长期发展实践的经验总结和理论升华,是全面建设小康社会和推进现代化建设始终要坚持的指导思想,也是统领教育工作全局,推进教育事业实现全面、协调、可持续发展的新的引擎和动力.理论是行动的指南.对科学发展观的精神实质认识越深刻,把握越准确,贯彻落实科学发展观的行动就越自觉越坚定。     

双循环背景下“一带一路”空间信息走廊高质量发展思考

<正>《2021中国的航天》白皮书提到,进一步推广空间信息服务全球化应用,加快建设“一带一路”空间信息走廊,让中国航天取得的成果惠及世界。近年来,全球面临着气候变化、灾害管理、环境保护、食物和水资源短缺,以及社会经济可持续发展等一系列挑战,尤其是新冠疫情全球肆虐给人类带来严重影响,为共同应对这些挑战,增强我国与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区务实合作,提升我国航天国际竞争力和国际影响力,亟需加快空间信息走廊建设与应用速度,让中国航天技术和应用为沿线国家经济发展增添新动能,在外空领域推动构建人类命运共同体。     

International coordination in the era of faster, better, cheaper

Space agencies around the world are seeking innovative approaches to reduce the time and expense of space-based activities, including observation of the Earth and acquisition of environmental data for Earth science research. As government budgets are squeezed, agencies search for innovative approaches to streamline program management, introduce new technology, and share costs with external partners. International cooperation has been a mainstay of Earth observation activity from the beginning of space exploration. It continues to be true that global problems require global solutions, and governments recognize the need to share the investment in understanding and monitoring the planet. Agencies need to carefully consider how changes in their program development and management practices might impact cooperative ventures. Improved communication, enhanced strategic planning, and coordinated rather than comprehensive missions are all tools agencies can use to maintain or improve partnerships.     

解析管制工作中的“错、忘、漏”问题

众所周知，“错、忘、漏”一直是我国民航管制工作中一个最为棘手的问题，历年来因“错、忘、漏”导致的空管不安全事件占有很大的比重。自从2004年空管局提出专项整治‘错、忘、漏”问题以来，情况得到了一定的改善，2005-2007年分别是45％、43％和29％，呈逐年下降趋势。然而2008年先后在几个兄弟管制单位发生的4起不安全事件均为管制“错、忘、漏”直接导致，由此看来，     

会计电算化中"反复核、反记账、反结账"的研究

"反复核、反记账、反结账"是会计电算化系统中的概念,其功能是使得制单、登账、结账和报表会计业务可以逆向再操作.本文对"反复核、反记账、反结账"的概念、功能以及存在的弊端进行了阐述,并提出了一些改进措施.     

会计电算化中“反复核、反记账、反结账”的研究

“反复核、反记账、反结账”是会计电算化系统中的概念,其功能是使得制单、登账、结账和报表会计业务可以逆向再操作。本文对“反复核、反记账、反结账”的概念、功能以及存在的弊端进行了阐述,并提出了一些改进措施。     

Globalization, commercial space and spacepower in the USA

Economic and commercial spacepower is about market dominance and control. The USA is still the largest investor in space in the world and the technological and commercial leader in many areas but its leadership is being challenged. When other nations have similar capabilities, control becomes a problem, assuming, as is the case with space, that control is also a critical issue in security. Moreover, exerting spacepower may be inconsistent with expanded commercial developments in space, raising investment risks and creating incentives for foreign competitors. To the extent that global market opportunity is denied by restrictive commercial policies, spacepower from a purely international economic competitive perspective is diminished. Though it is encouraging that the US commercial space policies have been in Presidential Documents over the past 20 years, they have been unintentionally undermined to a large extent by other policies, with security almost always trumping commerce. This paper examines the way globalization and commercial space developments have changed the nature of spacepower and suggests that the USA's reactions to these changes have not thus far served it well.     

Discovery of a new chert-permineralized microbiota in the Proterozoic Buxa Formation of the Ranjit window, Sikkim, northeast India, and its astrobiological implications

For the foreseeable future, the search for evidence of past life in rocks acquired from other planets will be constrained by the amount of sample available and by the fidelity of preservation of any fossils present. What amount of rock is needed to establish the existence of past life? To address this question, we studied a minute amount of rock collected from cherty dolomites of the Proterozoic Buxa Formation in the metamorphically altered tectonically active northeastern Himalaya. In particular, we investigated 2 small petrographic thin sections-one from each of 2 bedded chert horizons exposed in the Ranjit River stratigraphic section northwest of Rishi, Sikkim, India-that together comprise an area of approximately 5 cm(2) (about the size of a US postage stamp) and have a total rock weight of approximately 0.1 g. Optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy and imagery demonstrate that each of the thin sections contains a rich assemblage of 3-dimensionally permineralized organic-walled microfossils. This study, the first report of Proterozoic microfossils in units of the Ranjit tectonic window, demonstrates that firm evidence of early life can be adduced from even a minuscule amount of fossil-bearing ancient rock.     

Comparison of the roles of nucleotide synthesis, polymerization, and recombination in the origin of autocatalytic sets of RNAs

Ribozymes that act as polymerases and nucleotide synthases are known experimentally, even though no fully self-replicating system has yet been found. If the RNA World hypothesis is true, ribozymes must have arisen initially from within a random abiotic polymerization system. To investigate the origin of the RNA world, we studied a mathematical model of a chemical reaction system describing RNA polymerization. It is supposed that, in absence of ribozymes, polymerization occurs at a small spontaneous rate, and that in the presence of polymerase ribozymes, polymerization occurs at a faster rate that is proportional to the ribozyme concentration. Chains must be longer than a minimum threshold length in order to have the possibility of acting as ribozymes. The reaction system has two stable states that we term dead and living. The dead state is controlled by the small spontaneous rate and has negligible concentration of ribozymes. The living state has high concentration of ribozymes, and the reaction rates are determined by the ribozymes; thus, the system is autocatalytic. Concentration fluctuations in a finite volume can cause a transition to occur from the dead to the living state, that is, an origin of life occurs within this model. We also consider ribozymes that catalyze nucleotide synthesis. We show that living and dead states arise in the presence of synthase ribozymes in the same way as for polymerases. It has been proposed that recombination reactions are a way of generating long RNA chains in the early stages of life. We show that if the possibility of random reversible recombination reactions is added to our model, this does not lead to an increase in long polymer concentration. Thus, if recombination is fully reversible, there is no autocatalytic state controlled by recombination. Nevertheless, recombination can play an important role in ribozyme synthesis if there is an additional process that keeps the recombination reactions out of equilibrium. We modeled a case studied experimentally in which building block strands of moderate length associate due to RNA secondary structure formation. A recombination reaction then occurs between these strands to form a longer sequence that catalyzes its own formation via the recombination reaction. This system has an autocatalytic state, and it is possible for it to arise within our random polymerization system. If complexes formed by associations of shorter strands can act as catalysts without the requirement that the strands be covalently linked, this would alleviate the need for synthesis of very long strands; hence, it makes the emergence of an autocatalytic system from an abiotic random polymerization system much more likely.     

Space education, a tool to influence the cultural development in the society

Culture is an organized group of learned responses of a particular society, or the total round of human activities, not due to heredity, shared by members of a group. This means that culture is a dynamic process and it is in tight relationship to the civilization as a tool to master their all day's tasks. Space science is a result of the shift from the mass production civilization to the knowledge civilization. The science had opened new ways of thinking into a new environment, space. The ability to develop thinking to new living areas is already a learned response to the environment and therefore an act of culture.

The next changes in culture are a result of the different view, mankind has from earth looking back out of the spacecraft window. We see now with other eyes the small and vulnerable living area of mankind. We see no political limits partitioning the surface. We understand time zones as systems properties of the regions. This has up to now influenced big groups of the societies. As this view has to be shared by all members of the societies in the same mode, space education has to organize this effect.     

Estimate of the NO concentration in the auroral region based on emission intensities of 391.4, 557.7, and 630.0 nm

Using numerical modeling, the influence of the NO concentration on the intensity of 557.7 nm emission in aurora caused by electron precipitation has been studied. It has been shown that the O₂ ⁺ NO reaction, which reduces the contribution of the dissociative recombination of the O₂ ⁺ ion into the formation of the ¹S state of atomic oxygen, is the main channel of suppression of the intensity of the emission at 557.7 nm. A method of estimating the NO concentration in the aurora based on the data of photometric measurements of emissions at 391.4, 557.7, and 630.0 nm has been proposed. The method has been tested using the data of simultaneous rocket measurements of emissions at 391.4, 557.7, and 630.0 nm and the NO content in aurora. A good agreement of estimates of the NO concentrations performed by the method to the results of direct measurements has been obtained.