机载电静液作动系统的发展现状与关键技术研究

总结了新型机载作动系统的发展背景与研究意义,介绍了用于功率电传的电静液作动器和机电作动器的发展现状,综述了机载电静液作动系统设计、开发和取得的技术成果,论述了机载电静液作动系统发展中有待于进一步研究的问题,提出了开展该项研究的建议和措施。     

超磁致伸缩电静液作动器磁场分析与优化

提出一种超磁致伸缩电静液作动器（GMEHA）结构,采用永磁体与控制线圈组合提供驱动磁场.首先建立了该组合磁路数学模型,并给出了超磁致伸缩棒内磁感应强度计算解析式;其次,对以上结构进行了有限元分析（FEA）,得出了磁路主要结构参数与磁场分布均匀性之间映射规律;最后进行了作动器磁场试验研究并与有限元分析结果进行了对比,验证了理论与有限元模型的可预测性,给出了该电静液作动器结构设计方法.结果表明:该电静液作动器的最佳驱动频率为250Hz,最大无负载体积流量为0.85L/min,最大阻断力达到了120N.      

超磁致伸缩电静液作动器的试验研究与特性分析

超磁致伸缩材料驱动的电静液作动器具有结构高度集成、性能影响因素多以及理论分析复杂等特点,为寻求超磁致伸缩电静液作动器可靠的理论分析方法以提高其输出性能,首先搭建了超磁致伸缩执行器与作动器试验测试平台,完成了执行器与作动器动态特性对比试验,在准确测试与观察试验现象的基础上,对超磁致伸缩电静液作动器进行结构分解,以各环节固有频率为理论分析切入点,采用试验、理论与有限元分析相结合的方法,分析了悬臂梁阀片、管路、液压缸以及蓄能器等动态特性对作动器输出性能的影响规律,总结出符合试验结果的理论分析方法并确定了影响与制约作动器输出性能的关键环节,最后提出了超磁致伸缩电静液作动器优化改进方案,优化后作动器试验结果显示：在200 Hz左右、0.6 MPa 的偏压作用下,选取 0.15 mm 厚度的阀片,作动器的输出性能达到最佳,其输出流量最大可达1.2 L/min。     

先进的作动器技术研究

介绍了直接驱动式作动器、电静液作动器、集成电液作动器、机电作动器、光传灵巧作动器的原理、特点、应用等.     

大功率高性能航天伺服系统发展综述

回顾了电动、电静液伺服系统国内外发展历程与研究现状,针对未来航天飞行器对伺服系统在结构强度、空间体积、环境适应性、性能指标等方面提出的新要求,在综合评价电动、电静液伺服系统性能的基础上,指出了机载功率电传一体化电作动系统关键技术与设计难点,并提出相应的解决思路,对未来一体化电作动系统发展进行了展望。     

无人机电静液起落架收放及刹车系统仿真研究

无人机起落架收放及刹车系统在无人机的起飞、降落和刹车的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,随着无人机飞行条件和要求的日益严苛,传统的液压系统已经无法满足需要。电静液系统既保留了传统液压系统的优点,又兼备电作动的优势。根据电静液作动器的工作原理,设计一款无人机起落架收放和刹车功能一体化的电静液系统,将改进型的PID 控制方式运用到起落架收放的控制中,并且设计两种模糊PID 控制方式运用于防滑刹车功能中,在此基础上进行基于AMESim 和MATLAB/Simulink 的联合仿真用于验证系统性能,并对仿真结果进行对比分析。结果表明：模糊PID 的控制方式控制效果良好,可以有效地改善无人机起落架收放和刹车过程的稳定性,使得起落架收放更安全,刹车效率更高。     

一体化电动静液作动器(EHA)的设计与仿真分析

一体化电动静液作动系统兼备传统液压作动系统和直接驱动的机电作动系统的优点,也就是同时具备高转距和大功率密度,并且易于模块化。本文阐述了一种一体化电动静液作动器(EHA)的总体结构和工作原理,对电机、泵和液压缸的选用以及系统设计提出了明确的要求,并对其各个模块进行了建模和仿真分析。结果表明,EHA的性能能够满足现代飞机对作动系统的要求,在未来功率电传(PBW)的飞控系统中具有很好的应用前景。     

飞机电静液作动器滑模 PID控制器设计

在多电飞机应用环境中,由于电静液作动器（Electro Hydrostatic Actuator,以下简称EHA）系统本身的强非线性与承载交变动载荷的不确定性,简单PID控制无法达到理想控制效果。提出了滑模 PID复合控制,电机电流环和转速环构成控制系统内环,以PI控制器实现电机调速;作动筒位置环为外环,以滑模控制提升系统的快速性和鲁棒性。建立了EHA数学模型,并设计了滑模控制器结构。仿真结果表明,滑模 PID复合控制方法能有效地消除超调和减小跟随误差,实现对EHA位置的精确控制。     

电液复合调节作动器的建模与AMESim仿真

针对传统功率电传一体化作动器存在的诸如动态响应差、固有频率低等问题,提出一种增加了一个总压力控制阀的改进型电液复合调节一体化作动器.通过保持作动筒高、低压腔的压力之和为一常数,使泵控系统的固有频率和阀控系统相同,有效地改善了动态响应.在综合考虑这种改进的电液一体化作动器中不可忽视的结构刚度、摩擦、泄漏等非线性因素对系统的影响后,在已有简化模型基础上建立了非线性仿真模型.用AMESim软件进行仿真验证和分析,结果表明该模型较好地反映了实际系统的性能,为功率电传一体化舵机的进一步结构优化和控制提供了理论依据.     

用于离心式作动器的变滑模面滑模控制

作动器系统是组成直升机结构响应主动控制（ACSR）系统的重要子系统之一,为解决离心式作动器同时实现输出力幅值、相位和频率跟踪以及输出力跟踪误差问题,提出了一种基于滑模变结构控制的变滑模面控制（VSMSMC）方法。首先,根据离心式作动器原理建立了偏心块的输出力方程以及包含参数变化、外部扰动及线性摩擦等不确定因素的永磁同步电机（PMSM）动态方程;然后,通过对离心式作动器输出力控制原理进行分析,结合滑模控制理论的特点,将离心式作动器偏心块相位控制期望信号引入滑模控制的滑模面方程,设计了基于PMSM电流环的变滑模面滑模控制律,并利用李雅普诺夫函数证明了所设计的滑模控制律的可达性和稳定性。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink环境下将所设计控制律应用于离心式作动器输出力控制进行了仿真实验,与现有方法相比,所设计控制律能够较好地同时跟踪期望谐波力的幅值、相位和频率,提高了离心式作动器跟踪精度和离心作动器启动时的输出力跟踪响应速度并具有较好的抗干扰能力。     

Design and performance analysis of position-based impedance control for an electrohydrostatic actuation system

Electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a type of power-by-wire actuator that is widely implemented in the aerospace industry for flight control, landing gears, thrust reversers, thrust vector control, and space robots. This paper presents the development and evaluation of position-based impedance control (PBIC) for an EHA. Impedance control provides the actuator with compliance and facilitates the interaction with the environment. Most impedance control applications utilize electrical or valve-controlled hydraulic actuators, whereas this work realizes impedance control via a compact and efficient EHA. The structures of the EHA and PBIC are firstly introduced. A mathematical model of the actuation system is established, and values of its coefficients are identified by particle swarm optimization. This model facilitates the development of a position controller and the selection of target impedance parameters. A nonlinear proportional-integral position controller is developed for the EHA to achieve the accurate positioning requirement of PBIC. The controller compensates for the adverse effect of stiction, and a position accuracy of 0.08 mm is attained. Various experimental results are presented to verify the applicability of PBIC to the EHA. The compliance of the actuator is demonstrated in an impact test.     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator and improvement methods

As a kind of actuation mechanism for power-by-wire (PBW) actuation systems of more/all electrical aircraft, an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a highly integrated local hydraulic actuation system. It is a volume control system consisting of a motor, a pump, an actuator, etc., which has features of high efficiency and reliability. However, the poor dynamic characteristic is one of the main factors restricting its wide application in aircraft. In this paper, the reason for the poor dynamic characteristic of an EHA is revealed from the perspectives of the natural frequency characteristic and the power requirement, respectively. In other words, the insufficiency of the motor output power at a high frequency is the main factor causing the poor dynamic characteristic of the system, and methods which include increasing the maximum output torque of the motor, reducing the rotational inertia of the motor-pump group, and adopting a double-motor-pump group configuration are proposed in this paper, by which the dynamic characteristic of the system can be improved. The feasibility of those methods are verified by simulations. Finally, the dynamic characteristic is tested on an EHA prototype, and results show that saturation of the output torque of the motor is the main factor restricting the dynamic characteristic of the EHA system.     

Design and Simulation of Electro-hydrostatic Actuator with a Built-in Power Regulator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a kind of power-by-wire (PBW) actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA's reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.     

Dynamic thermal coupling modeling and analysis of wet electro-hydrostatic actuator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA) used in more electric aircraft(MEA) has been extensively studied due to its advantages of high reliability and high integration. However, this high integration results in a small heat dissipation area, leading to high-temperature problems. Generally,to reduce the temperature, a wet cooling method of using the pump leakage oil to cool the motor is adopted, which can also increase the difficulty of accurately predicting the system temperature in the early desi...     

Modeling and control of a novel electro-hydrostatic actuator with adaptive pump displacement

The variable pump displacement and variable motor speed electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA), one of the three types of EHAs, has advantages such as short response time, flexible speed regulation, and high efficiency. However, the nonlinearity of its double-input single-output system poses a great challenge for system control. This study proposes a novel EHA with adaptive pump displacement and variable motor speed (EHA-APVM). A closed-loop position is realized using a servomotor. Moreover, the displacement varies with the system pressure; thus, the EHA-APVM is a single-input and single-output system. Firstly, the working principles of the EHA-APVM and the pump used in the system are introduced. Secondly, a nonlinear mathematical model of the proposed EHA-APVM control system is established, and a feedback back-stepping (FBBS) control algorithm is introduced to transform the complex nonlinear system into a linear system on the basis of the back-stepping control theory. Finally, simulation results prove that the EHA-APVM has a quick response and high robustness to variations of the load and the pump displacement. In this work, the size and weight of the motor are significantly reduced because the maximum power requirement is reduced, which is very beneficial for using the actuator in airborne equipment.     

相邻激励器合成射流流场数值模拟及机理研究

建立了将合成射流激励器腔体、出口喉道、外部流场作为单连域计算处理的吹／吸型边界模型。在此基础上,对不同相位差、不同振幅、不同频率的相邻激励器相互作用形成的合成射流流场进行了数值分析。计算结果表明：相邻激励器工作时的相位差、振幅不同、驱动频率不同对其形成的合成射流流场有很大影响,合成射流不再对称分布,流动将发生偏转。其机理是由于两激励器吸入和排出流体流动不同(不同相、不同幅值、不同频率),使得两列旋涡对不对称,因此在两列旋涡对之间存在涡量强度不同和压强梯度,从而引起旋涡对向低压侧和强涡量区偏转。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

一种新型液压泵变排量机构的设计与仿真

为提高一体化电液作动器(EHA)的性能,对新型EHA中广泛使用的变排量液压泵中的变量机构进行了优化设计。采用锥蜗轮蜗杆传动代替了原来的齿轮传动体系并与泵壳体进行了一体化设计,采用solidworks进行了三维实体化建模,运用AMESim搭建了改进前后EHA系统的仿真模型并进行对比分析。经过仿真实验,改进后的EHA系统在整体刚度提升了31%,频率响应提升了11.2%,显著改善了系统性能,验证了设计的正确性。     

翼型尾缘低频大功率合成射流的动态载荷特性研究——A：实验方案设计

为了获得翼型在尾缘合成射流作用下的气动特性,针对NACA0015翼型,设计了适用于风洞研究的尾缘合成射流实验,设计内容包括实验模型的设计,低频大功率合成射流致动器的设计,以及测量方案的设计。该实验方案在伺服电机达到适当转速时,合成射流器能够达到较好的吹／吸气效果。通过调节地面气缸的行程和电机的工作频率,可以实现对喷口速度、频率等参数的调节,为研究合成射流动量系数和减缩频率对气动力和力矩的影响规律提供了便利。针对二元实验段,采用自行设计的二分量应变天平测量动态升力和力矩。该实验模型在二元风洞中顺利开展了相关实验研究。研究结果显示,当合成射流频率为3Hz时,升力系数的幅值约为0．16。因此,尾缘低频大功率合成射流可以使翼型获得较大的用于控制气动弹性的控制力。这种新型作动方式为未来飞行器气动弹性稳定性控制提供了一种新途径。