环形流道流体阻力特性实验研究

针对环形流道下流体阻力特性较圆管阻力特性存在差异,对不同尺寸间隙的环形流道流体阻力特性进行了实验研究。依据圆管流体流动特性原理,推导出摩擦阻力计算公式,采集实验数据、计算实验结果,并对实验结果进行比较、分析。结果表明,环形通道流动特性与流道间隙大小有关,认为间隙为2.5mm是环形通道流动特性的临界点。研究发现,间隙尺寸大于2.5mm时摩擦阻力系数与理论计算相符,流态转捩雷诺数与常规尺寸基本吻合;间隙小于2.5mm为窄环形通道,窄环形流道流体阻力系数随间隙的减小而减小,流道流体流态转捩点明显提前,并且间隙值越小流态转捩雷诺数越小。     

飞行器大迎角非对称涡与气动特性的实验研究

针对飞行器大迎角绕流的非对称气动特性,采用变湍流度技术,通过对细长体和翼身组合体模型的实验研究,分析了湍流度和人工扰动对飞行器大迎角流动非对称性的影响规律。实验结果表明,湍流度和人工扰动对飞行器大迎角情况下的非对称流动特性影响显著。     

俯仰三角翼的流态及结构

本文对俯仰三角翼的流动特性进行了实验研究，给出了俯三角翼的截面流态特点，对三角翼俯仰 运动的流动机理进行了分析。     

流动偏转器对机翼失速特性的控制

介绍了一种控制机翼失速特性的新技术--流动偏转器.通过对二维翼型的数值模拟,研究了流动偏转器高度对控制效果的影响.采用PIV测量作为流动显示手段,验证了较低雷诺数(Re=6.32×10<'5>)时流动偏转器对机翼流动分离的控制效果.基于数值模拟结果和止交设计方法,对流动偏转器在更高雷诺数(Re=1.76×10<'6>)下进行了风洞测力实验研究.研究结果表明,流动偏转器可以有效控制机翼失速特性,能够抑制机翼大攻角下的流动分离,推迟失速攻角和增加升力.对测力实验结果的止交分析还给出了以16°到30°攻角范围内平均气动力最佳为目标的最优水平组合.     

涡轮机匣壁面换热特性的数值计算

为了研究涡轮机匣的换热特性,采用分段计算技术,各段连接为耦合连接,对某型涡轮机匣模型进行数值模拟,减小了计算复杂结构的难度,详细分析了机匣流动区域的流动特性和壁面的换热特性。结果表明:孔出流对壁面有很强的冲击作用,导致冲击区壁面换热系数很大;腔内气流流动情况复杂,具有复杂的漩涡结构;气流涡作用于壁面,增强壁面局部换热,换热系数增大;计算结果与实验结果吻合很好,定性地反映了机匣的流动和换热特性。     

近距离散冲击射流宏观流动品质的研究

离散射流宏观流动特性主要是指离散射流的均匀化特性或一排圆射流的二维化进展情况。本文对一排圆射流的自由射流及大空间下的冲击射流宏观流动特性进行了实验研究,目的在于确定在近距离散射流冲击下驻点附近小区内流动的不均匀性,这种不均匀性有可能导致冷却的不均匀性。      

过载加速度下涡旋微槽内单相流动特性实验

以体积浓度30%的乙二醇水溶液为工质,对槽宽0.5mm,深宽比为2、3、4的矩形截面涡旋微槽试件在过载加速度条件下的流动特性进行了实验研究。试件所用材料为紫铜,每个试件上按两行分布6个涡旋微槽,所承载加速度由离心式过载加速度试验机提供。分析了不同深宽比的涡旋微槽在不同工质流量和不同过载加速度下的流动特性,得出了微槽结构、工质流速对其流动特性的影响。结果表明,加速度方向对微槽内流动特性有着决定性的影响,且加速度越大,摩擦阻力系数越大。在过载加速度条件下Dean数是决定涡旋微槽抵御和适应过载加速度对其流动特性影响的重要因素。     

冷却空气管供气腔脉冲射流流动响应特性实验研究

为了探究脉冲射流经航空发动机主动控制系统中冷却空气管内的流动响应规律,对单排40个出流孔的冷却空气管内的脉冲射流流动响应特性进行了实验研究.同时,引入了响应时间、迟滞时间和出流速度系数三个评价参数,对脉冲射流在冷却空气管内的响应特性进行定量分析.实验重点分析了脉冲频率f(1～20Hz)、进口雷诺数Re(5×103～2×...     

高Sc数下湍流喷流混合流的初步实验观测

对低斯密特数(Schmidt数)下的剪切流动已作过不少实验观测。为了解分子扩散作用和Sc数的影响,作者提供了一种低温喷流混合流实验设备,实验观测在高Sc数下喷流混合流动。实验观测表明:在高Sc数下的湍流喷流混合流动的基本流态与在低Sc数下类同;其喷流(火焰)无量纲长度与其质量流量比(Φ)也有类似关系。实验也部分观测了浮力对该喷流混合流动特性的影响。     

底部流动脉动压强特性研究

利用脉动压力测量技术，研究细长旋成体底部流动百定常特性，实验Ｍ数０．６－３．５。实验中对不同的体构型模型进行测量，通过对测得的功率谱密度曲线，脉劝压强均方根值以及相关函数等结果的分析比较，探讨底部流动非定常特性的某些规律以及模型外形等因素的影响。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。