变比热平行混合近似解

平行混合变比热改进解析解，合理、简明、快捷，定比热解误差大。在准确的改进解与定比热解之间，探索了几种简化的近似解，从中看出，冷、热、混三气各简化按其自身静温比热比ｋ＿Ｔ作计算的近似解，结果总的误差较小，可供参照取用。算例包括不等总压及等总压混合，并对等总压混合后总压降低作出初步分析。     

低速来流大攻角侧滑角状态下尖脊进气道气动特性试验研究

在低速来流状态下试验研究了大攻角(α=0°～45°)和侧滑角(β=-15°～15°)对Caret进气道气动性能的影响。给出了在各攻角下进气道性能参数随侧滑角变化的特点及典型状态下进气道出口总压恢复系数分布图谱,分析了出口总压分布图谱与进气口流动之间的关系。试验表明:在低速来流状态(Ma≈0.1)下,随着攻角的增加(α从0°增加到45°),进气道总压恢复系数下降较小,总压畸变指数几乎不变,这有利于飞机的大攻角机动飞行。      

平行混合的变比热准确解与次准确解

在变比热平行混合计算中，一般多以近似等比热比ｋ处理。变比热气动函数式的推导，提出了解此问题的有力工具。本文较详细地介绍了五ｋ准确解及三ｋ次准确解，证明次准确解足够近似，而定比热解则误差很大。     

高超可调进气道弹性压缩面自适应无源控制概念研究

针对二元高超声速进气道,探索了一种在Ma=4.0~6.0,弹性可调压缩面自适应无源控制的设计概念。采用流固耦合的计算方法,研究弹性变厚度压缩面随来流静压改变的变形和气动性能的变化规律。计算结果表明,与定几何进气道相比,这种新概念的自适应无源控制方法,可显著提升进气道在Ma=4.0~6.0的气动性能。在非设计点Ma=4.0和Ma=5.0下,流量系数可增加11.8%和14.6%,出口总压恢复系数也有所提升。由此证明,所提出的弹性压缩面自适应无源控制的概念在理论上是可行的,且有助于提高非设计点进气道性能。     

单一物质的热力学性能近似计算(英文)

本文介绍针对固定温度点的热力学函数 (如焓、熵、比热 )综合近似计算法。该方法已成功地用来近似计算温度范围为 10 0～ 2 0 0 0 0 K的 150 0个热力学函数表。用内含近似计算程序包的 TD软件系统对混合物参数进行热力计算的结果证明,该多项式在求解多组元系统计算中迭代问题时具有很高的可靠性。      

航空发动机性能监控与预测

测量参数选择和数据处理 发动机性能监控就是利用测量的气动热力参数,如发动机气路中各主要截面的总温、总压、静压、转子转速和燃油流量等来分析发动机及部件的性能水平,并可将气动热力参数反映的故障隔离到气路部件或单元体及有关的子系统中.     

二元喷管气动喉道控制的数值模拟

采用二阶迎风格式,并结合S-A湍流模型求解N-S方程,对喉部注气的二元拉瓦尔喷管内部和周围流场进行了二维数值模拟,分析了注气总压比、注气总温比、射流缝缝宽和注气角度对喷管气动喉道控制的影响。计算结果表明：喷管相对喉道面积比随注气总压比和射流缝缝宽的增大而基本呈线性地减小,而注气总温比对喷管相对喉道面积比的影响很小;注气角度对气动喉道控制有一定的影响,当注气角度在-30°左右时,相对喉道面积比最小。     

污染空气对乙烯燃料超声速燃烧影响的试验

为了评估污染组分对乙烯燃料超声速燃烧性能的影响,利用西北工业大学电阻加热直连式超声速燃烧室试验平台,模拟飞行Ma=4条件下的燃烧室进口条件(总压pt=760kPa,总温Tt=800K,Ma=2),开展了来流分别为纯净空气和污染空气的乙烯燃料超声速燃烧对比试验。完成了当量油气比ER=0.57,来流分别为纯净空气和污染空气(CO2摩尔浓度分别为3%,7.5%,H2O摩尔浓度为7.5%)条件下的对比试验。试验匹配了纯净空气来流与污染空气来流燃烧室进口总压、总温、氧气摩尔浓度(21%)、Ma数与当量油气比。给出了燃烧室壁面压力分布对比试验结果与分析。     

折叠舵外翼气动特性研究

采用风洞试验和CFD相结合的方法对机载导弹折叠舵外翼气动特性进行了研究,研究内容包括外翼折叠角、迎角、来流Ma数、气动滚转角等,通过研究推导建立了外翼气动载荷的经验计算公式.研究结果表明,"×"型状态下外翼载荷随外翼展开而变大,在折叠角约30°附近载荷最大.CFD计算与试验数据吻合良好,不同Ma数下气动系数差别较小,M...     

闭式布雷顿循环发电系统热力过程建模及其参数影响研究

针对闭式布雷顿循环发电系统热力循环过程及其参数影响,开展系统的热力过程参数建模研究,建立系统发电功率、比功率和效率的计算模型;在此基础上,研究闭式布雷顿循环发电系统比功率和效率随涡轮入口总温及效率、压气机入口总温、压气机压比及效率、累积总压恢复系数等的变化规律,考虑参数灵敏度及其优化潜力,提出可用灵敏度并对系统的比功率和效率进行灵敏度分析。研究表明,闭式布雷顿循环发电系统的比功率和效率随涡轮入口总温及效率、压气机压比及效率、系统累积总压恢复系数等参数的增大而增高,随压气机入口总温的增大而减小。在压气机入口总温、压比与效率、涡轮入口总温及效率、累积总压恢复系数等主要热力参数中,系统比功率灵敏度最高的参数为涡轮效率,系统效率灵敏度最高的参数为压气机压比。考虑参数的实际优化潜力,在循环工质一定的条件下,系统比功率可用灵敏度最高的参数为涡轮入口总温,系统效率可用灵敏度最高的参数为压气机压比。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。