风扇翼型气动性能的实验研究

在西北工业大学NF-3风洞二元实验段内对两种风扇翼型的气动性能进行了对比实验研究，实验采用表面测压和尾排型阻测量技术。结果表明：在风扇的工作范围内，新设计的风扇翼型的升阻比要比传统的风扇翼型增大20％左右；通过两翼型翼面弦向压力分布特性的比较，可以推知，前者的气动噪声将会比后者小。     

低雷诺数仿生分离流翼型气动特性初探

为了探索适合低雷诺数微型飞行器的翼型形式,基于对自然界鸟类和昆虫滑翔飞行时翅膀形状的观察,设计出一种由前缘削尖平板和后缘圆弧翼型组合而成的仿生分离流翼型。数值研究结果表明,气流在削尖平板的前缘点强制分离,形成大范围低压分离流动,随后在后部圆弧翼上表面再附形成稳定低压涡流区,从而实现较高的气动效率和较强的抵抗大气湍流的能力。上削尖平板可以使流动分离点固定在削尖点。相对于单独平板,仿生分离流翼型的升力系数有大幅提高,迎角为4°时提高了112%。此外,仿生分离流翼型可以在较宽的迎角范围内（4°~20°）保持高升力,但是迎角增加,阻力也快速增大,因此小迎角情况下（小于4°）气动效率更优。      

高速稀薄流域防热减阻概念构型气动性能

为探究高速稀薄流流域凹腔槽道的气动特性,采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)方法,建立了凹腔深宽比为1,槽道高度分别为0、10、20、30、40 mm以及基准高度为20 mm的唇口钝化半径为2～20 mm的凹腔槽道构型,获得了不同算例的气动热系数和气动力系数的变化情况,分析了不同槽道高度以及不同唇口钝化半径的凹腔槽道构型对...     

变体翼梢小翼的减阻机理数值模拟

总结了对翼梢小翼减阻效果影响最大的几何参数,在此基础上采用数值模拟方法研究了这些几何参数的最佳变化范围,为变体翼梢小翼设计提供理论依据.并从气动性能、气动载荷分布和翼尖涡的角度探讨了变体翼梢小翼相对传统翼梢小翼的优缺点.结果表明:在飞机的起飞阶段,变体翼梢小翼的减阻效率比传统翼梢小翼高2.2%,同时将翼尖涡强度降低了15%,有利于提高飞机的燃油效率和机场空域安全;但也会增大机翼的翼根弯矩,因此必须权衡变体翼梢小翼带来的气动收益与结构强度不利因素.     

复杂积冰翼型气动性能分析

为了克服复杂外形难以划分结构化网格的问题, 采用结构/非结构混合多块网格对复杂积冰翼型的气动性能-进行了分析计算.在靠近积冰边界的内层采用了非结构网格, 在非结构网格外采用结构化网格以节省存储空间和计算时间.不同类型网格之间采用了点点对接的方式以简化通量重构的处理方式.整个流动区域采用SST湍流模型, 求解了雷诺平均N-S方程.数值计算结果表明结构/非结构混合多块网格在复杂积冰翼型气动性能计算上的可行性, 积冰对翼型的气动性能造成了严重的影响.      

平流层飞艇纵向气动特性及减阻实验研究

以美国高空哨兵50平流层飞艇作为背景样机,通过风洞实验研究了布局形式对该型飞艇纵向气动特性的影响。研究表明:与Y形尾翼相比,十字尾翼布局形式具有更大的阻力和升力;从俯仰静稳定性的角度而言,十字尾翼在大迎角下使得飞艇从纵向静不定变为纵向静定;但由于尾翼产生较大的附加阻力,因此需要采取一定的减阻措施。进一步采用微型涡流发生器对飞艇的后体及尾翼处的流动分离进行控制,研究其在不同迎角和侧滑角工况下的减阻效能,发现在α=8°、β=0°或β=-8°、α=0°工况下可以获得减阻效果,且MVG布置更密时,获得的减阻效果更好。     

大厚度钝后缘翼型气动性能计算研究

大厚度钝后缘翼型由于其气动和结构的优点,近来被作为大型风力机叶片设计时的内侧翼型成为风力机翼型设计的热点之一EULL由于此类翼型厚度和风洞阻塞度的限制,大雷诺数的风洞实验数据很少。耦合RANS方程和基于线性稳定性分析EULL捩预测方法,进行了大厚度钝后缘翼型气动性能计算研究。使用Gridgen程序生成计算网格,湍流模型为S-A模型。对常用的钝后缘修形方式如直接截断、对称增加厚度等并且有风洞实验结果的几种翼型进行了CFD计算并和实验结果及文献计算结果进行了比较。结果表明升力系数在线性段,计算结果和实验结果吻合很好,但是对失速迎角的捕捉能力差;阻力系数计算结果和实验值吻合较好。不同修形方式的计算结果为钝后缘修形设计提供了参考。     

低雷诺数下螺旋桨翼型非定常气动性能的比较

为得到适用于平流层螺旋桨桨叶叶素的翼型,采用数值方法,通过改变气流速度和攻角,比较研究了低雷诺数下8种典型翼型的非定常气动性能.结果显示,大攻角工况下翼型容易发生流动分离现象,翼型吸力面的分离越严重,气动力的振荡幅度越大.通过比较不同攻角和不同速度下翼型的升阻比大小和气动稳定性得出,SD 8000 - PT翼型具有较高的升阻比和较稳定的气动力,适合作为螺旋桨的翼型.     

降雨对翼型气动性能影响的机理研究

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT 6.3.26中的拉格朗日离散相模型研究了降雨条件下翼型的气动特性变化,并应用UDF(用户自定义函数)对FLUENT中自带的Wilcox转捩模式进行了修正,对降雨对翼型气动性能的影响机理进行了研究.结果表明,在降雨条件下,翼型表面积聚的水膜层及其表面粗糙度会影响翼型表面的光洁度,引起边界...     

GAW-1翼型前后缘变弯度气动性能研究

传统增升装置主要用于提高飞机起降气动性能。利用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,引入了通用飞机翼型的前后缘变弯装置的概念,数值模拟了GAW-1翼型在爬升状态时,前缘变弯装置、后缘襟翼/副翼偏转以及前后缘装置综合偏转对翼型气动特性的影响。研究表明,前缘变弯装置可以有效地改善翼型的失速特性,失速迎角提高了3°左右,最大升力系数提高了4.56%;同时提高升阻比50%~120%;但在设计升力系数下,升力系数和阻力系数都略微减小。另一方面,后缘变弯装置可以改变最大升阻比所对应的迎角,以及在小迎角时,提高升力系数6%左右。翼型综合偏转可以在小迎角时增加升力系数,在大迎角时增加升阻比。     

离散伴随方法在气动优化设计中的应用

针对工程问题中大规模设计变量难以进行快速优化的难题,在自研流场解算器(WiseCFD-UG)基础之上,发展了基于离散伴随方法的梯度计算模块,实现了目标函数对大规模设计变量的快速精确梯度求解.此外,结合FFD参数化、线弹性体网格变形,优化算法等模块建立了气动优化设计系统.运用系统对M6机翼和CRM翼身组合体构型进行定升减阻优化设计,结果表明:机翼表面的压力分布得到了显著改善,表面激波得到不同程度的消除或减弱.气动优化设计系统有效可靠,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

Aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics

Natural flyers have extraordinary flight skills and their prominent aerodynamic performance has attracted a lot of attention. However, the aerodynamic mechanism of birds' flapping wing kinematics still lacks in-depth understanding. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics extracted from a free-flying owl wing has been numerically investigated. The overset mesh technique is used to deal with the large range movements of flapping airfoils. The bio-inspired kinematics consist of plunging and pitching movement. A pure sinusoidal motion and a defined motion composed of plunging of sinusoidal motion and pitching of the bio-inspired kinematics are selected for comparison. The other two NACA airfoils are also selected to figure out the advantages of the owl-like airfoil. It is found that the cambered owl-like airfoil can enhance lift during the downstroke. The bio-inspired kinematics have an obvious advantage in lift generation with a presence of higher peak lift and positive lift over a wider proportion of the flapping cycle. Meanwhile, the bio-inspired motion is more economical for a lower power consumption compared with the sinusoidal motion. The sinusoidal flapping motion is better for thrust generation for a higher peak thrust value in both upstroke and downstroke, while the bio-inspired kinematics mainly generate thrust during the downstroke but produce more drag during the upstroke. The defined motion has similar lift performance with the bio-inspired kinematics, while it consumes more energy and generates less thrust. The unsteady flow field around airfoils is also analyzed to explain the corresponding phenomenon. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the flight mechanism of birds and to design a micro air vehicle with higher performance.     

典型直升机旋翼翼型气动特性试验研究

采用高升阻比特性的翼型是提高直升机旋翼气动性能的关键。对在典型的OA309旋翼翼型基础上开发的CH309翼型,进行了低、高速气动特性风洞试验研究。试验分别在FL14风洞和NF-6风洞中进行,采用表面测压和尾耙型阻测量技术。试验结果表明：CH309翼型的总体性能优于OA309翼型。试验结果为直升机旋翼设计时翼型的选取提供了参考。     

旋成体表面沟槽减阻试验研究

在旋成体模型表面粘贴铝基沟槽蒙皮,研究沟槽表面对模型阻力的影响。给出基于来流单位雷诺数的沟槽尺寸无量纲公式,用于设计沟槽齿高和齿宽,依据试验风洞的单位雷诺数范围,选定3种尺寸的沟槽进行减阻试验。结果表明,在旋成体表面湍流流动区域顺流向布置沟槽,当沟槽齿高和齿宽的无量纲值h＋、s＋均小于25时,在小迎角下具有减阻作用,当s＋约为15时减阻效果最明显,可减小约3%～4%的阻力。     

Aerodynamic design optimization of helicopter rotor blades including airfoil shape for hover performance

This study proposes a process to obtain an optimal helicopter rotor blade shape for aerodynamic performance in hover flight. A new geometry representation algorithm which uses the class function/shape function transformation (CST) is employed to generate airfoil coordinates. With this approach, airfoil shape is considered in terms of design variables. The optimization process is constructed by integrating several programs developed by author. The design variables include twist, taper ratio, point of taper initiation, blade root chord, and coefficients of the airfoil distribution function. Aerodynamic constraints consist of limits on power available in hover and forward flight. The trim condition must be attainable. This paper considers rotor blade configuration for the hover flight condition only, so that the required power in hover is chosen as the objective function of the optimization problem. Sensitivity analysis of each design variable shows that airfoil shape has an important role in rotor performance. The optimum rotor blade reduces the required hover power by 7.4% and increases the figure of merit by 6.5%, which is a good improvement for rotor blade design.     

基于湍流边界层时均速度分布的脊状表面减阻规律研究

通过对试验测得的脊状表面湍流边界层时均速度分布的分析,获得了脊状表面的减阻范围和基本规律.脊状表面理论零点及壁面摩擦速度的计算采用基于湍流边界层Spalding壁面律公式的最小二乘拟合方法;模型板摩擦阻力计算采用基于边界层动量积分方程的方法.研究表明:脊状结构使得湍流边界层粘性底层增厚,近壁面法向速度梯度降低,过渡层与对数律区上移;V型脊状结构的无量纲宽度s+介于6至18时具有减阻效果;当s+≈12时,减阻量最大,最大值约7.7%.      

旋成体仿生凹坑表面减阻试验研究

基于非光滑表面减阻的仿生学理论,通过凹坑表面控制超声速旋成体附壁区的边界层结构来减小旋成体的阻力.利用3因素5水平的二次旋转设计,对排列在旋成体后部的仿生凹坑表面参数进行优化.Ma数为2.51,基于旋成体最大直径的雷诺数为1.9×106的风洞试验表明,旋成体后部的凹坑表面最大可减小旋成体4.98%的粘性前部阻力以及2.69%的底部阻力,总阻力最大可减小2.98%.通过二次旋转设计得到关于凹坑直径、深度以及凹坑轴向间距三个因素的二次回归方程,利用此方程得到的最优凹坑表面减少总阻力4.4%.     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of co-flow jet airfoil with simple high-lift device

The present study performed a numerical investigation to explore the performance enhancement of a co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil with simple high-lift device configuration, with a specific goal to examine the feasibility and capability of the proposed configuration for low-speed take-off and landing. Computations have been accomplished by an in-house-programmed Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver enclosed by k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model. Three crucial geometric parameters, viz., injection slot location, suction slot location and its angle were selected for the sake of revealing their effects on aerodynamic lift, drag, power consumption and equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Results show that using simple high-lift devices on CFJ airfoil can significantly augment the aerodynamic associated lift and efficiency which evidences the feasibility of CFJ for short take-off and landing with small angle of attack. The injection and suction slot locations are more influential with respect to the aerodynamic performance of CFJ airfoil compared with the suction slot angle. The injection location is preferable to be located in the downstream of the pressure suction peak on leading edge to reduce the power expenditure of the pumping system for a relative higher equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Another concluded criterion is that the suction slot should be oriented on the trailing edge flap for achieving more aerodynamic gain, meanwhile, carefully selecting this location is crucial in determining the aerodynamic enhancement of CFJ airfoil with deflected flaps.