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用柔性机械臂连杆末端的弹性变形以及变形角度来表示空间机器人柔性臂的弹性运动变量,克服了用无穷维振动模态变量来表示弹性变形给系统运动学建模带来的困难;基于广义雅可比矩阵的思想,建立了柔性臂空间机器人"双广义雅可比矩阵"形式的运动学模型,该运动学模型描述了柔性臂弹性变形对空间机器人的运动影响;以运动学方程为基础,设计了柔性臂空间机器人的惯性空间内连续轨迹规划算法。仿真表明,规划的机械臂关节运动规律可以补偿柔性连杆振动给机械臂末端位置带来的影响,使机械臂末端位置准确沿着期望的轨迹运动。 相似文献
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针对现有工业机器人智能装备建模感知监测精度缺失,依靠理论参数建模精度低等问题,本文以工业机器人铣削系统为研究对象,构建了高精度光栅尺实时测量机器人关节转角的数字孪生监测系统,避免了齿轮间隙、编码器丢码等关节转角误差对数字孪生建模准确度的影响;根据MD–H运动学建模方法建立了数字孪生驱动模型,采用L–M算法对工业机器人建模参数进行辨识修正,减少了机器人数字孪生模型中几何误差的影响;开发了数字孪生交互系统平台,用以监测、控制物理空间的工业机器人铣削系统的作业运动。利用辨识后的机器人关节参数构建的数字孪生模型,使得工业机器人铣削系统运动点位的建模精度从±1.6905 mm提高到了±0.3304 mm,提高了4.12倍,表明本文针对工业机器人数字孪生建模方法的正确性和建模参数辨识方法对建模精度补偿的可行性。 相似文献
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针对民航飞机油箱等内部结构复杂且充满危险气体的环境需要进行三维检查的问题,研究设计了基于仿生学的机器人结构.该机器人具有多个柔性的连续型关节,采用线驱动方式控制关节的弯曲及旋转.对具有柔性特征的连续型单关节采用投影曲率法和虚坐标变换法建立了驱动绳长变化量、关节角变量和关节末端位姿三者之间的映射关系.在分析单关节运动学基础上推导出了多关节之间解耦运动学方程.对机器人进行了三维建模,采用仿真实验验证了在油箱内的空间可达性.通过实验样机实验,进一步验证了机器人的空间运动能力和所提出的运动学方法的正确性. 相似文献
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具有冗余度的三分支空间机器人的运动学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于例如空间站等恶劣的应用环境,研制了一种具有冗余度的三分支空间机器人。该机器人的一个分支的末端可以和基座固联,另外两个分支可以进行控制来完成各种作业。在宇航员不在的情况下,该机器人可以代替宇航员对科学实验载荷进行操作。利用旋量理论对机器人的逆运动学进行了分析,并建立了统一的数学模型给出了其运动学优化、动力学优化以及容错控制的理论基础。基于球腕的封闭解,提出了一个简单的逆运动学模型。最后,通过计算机结果演示验证了所提出逆运动学模型的有效性。 相似文献
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将工业机器人用于飞机的自动化装配有着很高的定位精度要求,对六自由度KUKA机器人的定位精度补偿方法进行了研究,该方法通过建立机器人运动学误差模型,以Levenberg-Marquardt阻尼迭代最小二乘法求出适合机器人标定空间的各参数误差最优值并以Kuka机器人为实验平台进行试验验证。经过补偿后,标定空间内机器人的绝对定位精度得到极大改善,可以满足飞机自动化装配的精度要求。 相似文献
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Many applications above the capability of a single robot need the cooperation of multipl emobile robots, but effective cooperation is hard to achieve. In this paper, a master-slave method is proposed to control the motions of multiple mobile robots that cooperatively transport a common object from a start point to a goal point. A noholonomic kinematic model to constrain the motions of multiple mobile robots is built in order to achieve cooperative motions of them, and a “Dynamic Coordinator“ strategy is used to deal with the collision-avoidance of the master robot and slave robot individually. Simulation results show the robustness and effectiveness of the method. 相似文献
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Varghese M. Fuchs A. Mukundan R. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1991,27(5):784-796
The authors attempt to integrate two areas in robotics that are maturing rapidly: the control of kinematically redundant rigid robots and feedback linearization. Kinematically redundant robots have several advantages over nonredundant robot arms. The extra degrees of freedom are used to reach around or between obstacles. Unlike nonredundant rigid link robots that do not exhibit zero dynamics, the self motions of kinematically redundant robots can be used for torque optimization or avoiding obstacles. It is shown that induced self motions can be chaotic. The main contribution is to demonstrate chaos in cases of feedback linearization when the decoupling matrix is nonsquare and there are less outputs than inputs 相似文献
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面向跨尺度、目标多样化的空间捕获任务,融合Bricard和3RRS机构的折展特性和几何特点对复合捕获系统运动学进行了分析。基于捕获系统的自由度和构型特点分析,通过构建Bricard与3RRS间的转换关系实现了捕获系统各机构间的运动学解耦。根据六棱柱模型,引入Bricard虚拟顶点,设计了面向复合空间捕获系统的运动学求解方法。在仿真环境下搭建捕获系统的运动学和动力学模型,并开展针对动态捕获目标的轨迹跟随实验。通过与基于闭环约束的阻尼最小二乘法(DLS)对比,验证了该运动学求解算法的有效性和先进性。实验结果表明,捕获系统可实现平稳的协同控制,运动过程中位置跟随精度优于4 mm,姿态精度优于0.035 rad。 相似文献
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本文发展了确定喷气翼气动性能的三维非线性方法。用附着涡和自由涡系统代表翼面、喷流、尾流和翼尖涡,解出弦向和展向载荷分布;同时解出喷流、尾流和翼尖涡的形状。所得结果在大展弦比条件下与实验及其他理论结果相符。本法可应用于各种展弦比、喷流角以及部分喷气情况下。 相似文献
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考虑运动耦合的BTT导弹三维制导律设计 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
针对倾斜转弯(BTT)导弹制导过程中的双通道耦合问题,设计了一种新型三维(3D)制导律。首先,通过矢量描述的方式,将导弹运动学模型分解成俯冲、转弯和耦合3项,俯冲和转弯两项在笛卡儿坐标系下描述,耦合项则在SO(3)空间中描述。然后,针对无终端约束和有终端约束情况,分别采用比例控制和SO(3)群上的广义比例-微分(PD)控制方式进行了相应的制导律设计。所得制导律既克服了李群方法的结构复杂性,又避免了解耦方法的信息损失。仿真表明,所设计的制导律能够满足BTT导弹精确制导的要求。 相似文献
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V. G. Gainutdinov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(2):155-160
An improved kinematic scheme of elastic deformation for multilayer thin structures with significantly dissimilar layers is
proposed as well as a problem solution algorithm; the algorithm is based on a priori calculation of kinematic relations that
represent a nature of variation of elastic displacements over the layer packet thickness and do not result in a considerable
increase of the problem dimension. 相似文献
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同时定位与建图(SLAM)技术已广泛应用于各类自主移动平台中,其中视觉SLAM和激光雷达SLAM是两种主要的SLAM技术方案。然而,视觉SLAM系统易受视觉环境变化的影响,而激光雷达SLAM系统则在结构单一等环境中会出现精度退化甚至失效的情况。随着智能移动平台应用场景的不断拓展,对SLAM系统的精度和鲁棒性等提出了更高要求,将多种具有互补性的传感器进行融合是提升SLAM系统性能的有效途径。据此,聚焦惯性/视觉/激光雷达多传感器融合SLAM技术,从多传感器标定和多源数据融合两个主要方面进行综述,最后对多传感器融合SLAM技术的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2023,36(5):363-376
Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) offers a promising solution to handle the data fusion of integrated nonlinear INS/GNSS (Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System) navigation. However, its accuracy is degraded by inaccurate kinematic noise statistics which originate from disturbances of system dynamics. This paper develops a method of closed-loop feedback covariance control to address the above problem of CKF. In this method, the posterior state and its covariance are fed back to the filtering process to constitute a closed-loop structure for CKF covariance propagation. Subsequently, based on the maximum likelihood principle, a control scheme of the prior state covariance is established by using the feedback state and covariance within an estimation window and further adopting a proportional coefficient to amplify the feedback terms in recent time steps for the full use of new information to reflect actual system characteristics. Since it does not directly use kinematic noise covariance, the proposed method can effectively avoid the adverse impact of inaccurate kinematic noise statistics on filtering solutions. Further, it can also guarantee the prior state covariance to be positive semi-definite without involving extra measures. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments for integrated INS/GNSS navigation. 相似文献
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The direction of the sun is the easiest and most reliable observation vector for a solar sail running in deep space exploration. This paper presents a new method using only raw measurements of the sun direction vector to estimate angular velocity for a spinning solar sail. In cases with a con-stant spin angular velocity, the estimation equation is formed based on the kinematic model for the apparent motion of the sun direction vector;the least-squares solution is then easily calculated. A performance criterion is defined and used to analyze estimation accuracy. In cases with a variable spin angular velocity, the estimation equation is developed based on the kinematic model for the apparent motion of the sun direction vector and the attitude dynamics equation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly yield high-precision angular velocity estimates that are insensitive to certain measurement noises and modeling errors. 相似文献