高性能铝基复合材料的颗粒分布及界面结合

采用常规粉末冶金和高能球磨粉末冶金法制备了B4Cp/Al复合材料，研究了B4C颗粒分布与界面结合特点、形成机制以及对材料性能的影响。结果表明，17％（体积分数）B4Cp/6061Al复合材料的屈服和抗拉强度分别为415MPa和470MPa，比常规粉末冶金复合材料分别提高了69％和70％。微观分析表明，高能球磨粉末冶金复合材料中B4C颗粒均匀分布、颗粒与基体之间存在近百纳米厚度的界面层，界面层由呈带状且有序分布的微细铝晶粒和弥散分布的纳米颗粒组成。高能球磨过程中，铝粉末在钢球表面形成冷焊层，B4C不断被挤入而均匀化是实现颗粒均匀分布的主要机制；球磨过程中铝粉末表面氧化层破碎暴露出新鲜铝表面且与镶嵌与铝粉末中的B4C颗粒形成界面结合是获得良好界面结合复合材料的重要条件     

三维夹层结构复合材料的制备及性能

采用酚醛树脂、氰酸酯树脂分别与三维中空芯层结构材料进行复合,制备不同树脂基三维中空芯层结构复合材料,对不同基体复合材料的力学及介电性能进行研究。结果表明,三维中空芯层结构与树脂复合工艺性良好,压缩强度达到5.0和3.5 MPa,与传统的蜂窝、泡沫材料相比,复合材料的力学性能得到较大幅度提高;介电常数为1.5和1.6,且在不同频率下显示优异的稳定性。     

A Novel Processing Route for Ni-doped Alumina Composites

Alumina-based composites containing 0-15wt% Ni metallic phase were produced by hot press-sintering Ni-coated alumina pow-ders. The Ni-coated alumina powders were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation of alumina micro-powders and nickel sulfate salt followed by reduction process. The microstructural features and dispersion of Ni phase in Ni-coated alumina powders and the subsequent alumina-Ni cermets were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). The relative density of the hot press-sintered composites was measured with the Archimedes’ method while the fracture strength and the fracture toughness were defined with the three-point bending method and the mi-cro-indentation fracture method. In the formation of alumina-Ni cermets from sintered Ni-coated alumina powders, Ni phase to some extent limits the densification rate and stifles the coarsening and growing process of alumina grains. The Ni phase is found to be located at the interfaces and the triple-joint junctions of alumina grains which results into alteration of the fracture mode of alumina and its in-creased fracture strength and fracture toughness if compared with monolithic alumina.     

TiC/Al复合材料在锌液中均匀化机理分析

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）法制备高TiC颗粒含量的TiC／Al复合材料。利用自制的实验装置研究复合材料中TiC颗粒在静止锌液中的均匀化过程。结果表明：当锌液温度低于铝的熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置于锌液后，锌向其内部扩散，引起复合材料表层内液相线温度降低，当表层内Al-Zn合金的液相线温度等于或低于锌液温度时，Al-Zn合金便处于熔融状态，TiC颗粒随其一起从TiC／Al复合材料块上脱落，并不断地向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中；而当锌液温度高于铝熔点时，TiC／Al复合材料置入后，锌和铝同时进行扩散，但是当复合材料表面温度达到铝熔点时，铝开始熔化，铝的熔化导致TiC颗粒的脱落，脱落下来的TiC颗粒不断向锌液内部传输，最终均匀分布在锌液中。     

Grinding performance evaluation of porous composite-bonded CBN wheels for Inconel 718

For high-efficiency grinding of difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and nickel alloys, a high porosity is expected and also a sufficient mechanical strength to satisfy the function.However, the porosity increase is a disadvantage to the mechanical strength. As a promising pore forming agent, alumina bubbles are firstly induced into the abrasive layer to fabricate porous cubic boron nitride（CBN） wheels. When the wheel porosity reaches 45%, the bending strength is still high up to 50 MPa with modified orderly pore distribution. A porous CBN wheel was fabricated with a total porosity around 30%. The grinding performance of the porous composite-bonded CBN wheel was evaluated in terms of specific force, specific grinding energy, and grinding temperature, which were better than those of the vitrified one under the same grinding conditions. Compared to the vitrified CBN wheel, clear straight cutting grooves and less chip adhesion are observed on the ground surface and there is also no extensive loading on the wheel surface after grinding.     

孔隙预置技术制备多孔C/SiC复合材料及其性能表征

以玻璃纤维为成孔剂,采用孔隙预置技术制备了发汗多孔C/SiC复合材料.对孔隙结构进行了表征,并研究了材料的力学性能和渗透行为.研究结果表明,采用孔隙预置技术能够有效地实现多孔 C/SiC材料开孔率和孔隙结构控制,该材料具有良好的力学性能和渗透性能.     

CF3052/5284RTM 复合材料湿热性能

通过对CF3052/5284RTM复合材料进行试验研究,测定其在不同湿热条件下的基本力学性能,分析湿热条件对基本力学性能的影响。结果表明:湿热环境对该复合材料力学性能的影响程度不一,其中湿度的作用较温度更加明显;该复合材料在高温湿态条件下保持了较高的拉伸和纵横剪切强度,具有综合力学性能好、耐湿热性能好等优点。     

颗粒填充复合材料的应变统计特征与刚度模量

针对填充颗粒体积份数高、随机分布的复合材料,基于一种特定应变分解方式,利用有限元数值分析,研究了任意宏观变形条件下代表性体积单元内应变分布的统计规律,分别得到了颗粒与基体内应变的平均值、应变的涨落值与宏观应变之间的统计关系,并对颗粒填充复合材料的等效剪切模量和等效体积模量进行了预测。     

Ho_2O_3掺杂对原位合成HoAl-Al_2O_3/TiAl复合材料显微组织及性能的影响

采用固态置换反应原位合成工艺,利用Al—Ti—TiO2-Ho2O3体系的放热反应合成了HoAl-Al2O3／TiAl复合材料。利用XRD和SEM分析了Ho2O3掺：枭对原位合成HoAl,Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料显微组织的影响,探讨了稀土氧化物（Ho2O3）的细化机制。测试了力学性能。结果表明：Al—Ti—TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的HoAl-Al2O3／TiAl复合材料由TiAl,Ti3Al,Al2O3以及HoAl相组成;HoAl金属间化合物弥散分布于基体晶粒和Al2O3颗粒交界处,限制颗粒长大,细化基体晶粒与Al2O3,颗粒,同时提高了HoAl,Al2O3颗粒在基体中的分散度;Ho2O3的引入改善了复合材料的力学性能。     

基于静强度分布的复合材料疲劳寿命分布的预测模型(英文)

The reasons of the static strength dispersion and the fatigue life dispersion of composite laminates are analyzed in this article. It is concluded that the inner original defects, which derived from the manufacturing process of composite laminates, are the common and major reason of causing the random distributions of the static strength and the fatigue life. And there is a correlative relation between the two distributions. With the study of statistical relationship between the fatigue loading and the fatigue life in the uniform confidence level and the same survival rate S-N curves of material, the relationship between the static strength distribution and the fatigue life distribution through a material S-N curve model has been obtained. And then the model which is used to describe the distributions of fatigue life of composites, based on their distributions of static strength, is set up. This model reasonably reflects the effects of the inner original defects on the static strength dispersion and on the fatigue life dispersion of composite laminates. The experimental data of three kinds of composite laminates are employed to verify this model, and the results show that this model can predict the random distributions of fatigue life for composites under any fatigue loads fairly well.     

稠密颗粒增强复合材料应变分布规律和刚度张量

针对高体积份数、随机分布、等轴状颗粒增强复合材料 ,研究了材料的应变分布规律 ,给出了基体和增强体应变平均值与材料微观结构参数之间的定量关系。结果表明 ,除应变平均值外 ,应变涨落是影响刚度张量的另一个重要因素 ,研究了应变涨落与材料微观结构参数之间的关系 ,并推导出了复合材料的刚度张量。与实验结果和以往的理论比较 ,预测结果与实验结果吻合良好     

大规模UAV编队信息交互拓扑的分级分布式生成

UAV编队信息交互拓扑的优化设计是保证UAV编队安全性和任务执行高效性的重要基础。目前队形保持下UAV编队信息交互拓扑生成算法局限于小规模编队,且优化目标单一。针对这一问题,采用了分级分簇结构扩展信息交互拓扑层级,以满足大规模场景,同时以提高编队续航能力和减少编队总通信代价为组合优化目标,提出了基于最小树形图的分级分布式领航-跟随者编队信息交互拓扑生成算法,并通过OMNeT++进行了仿真验证。实验结果表明在考虑位置误差传递迭代时,分级分布式领航-跟随者编队的总通信代价明显低于传统领航-跟随者编队,且通过周期性更新簇首,网络能耗更加均衡,提高了编队续航能力;在80架UAV编队规模下,分级分布式领航-跟随者编队生成算法能够在0.3 s内求解完成,相比于传统领航-跟随者编队算法,求解效率提高了约2.5倍;在100架UAV编队规模下,分级分布式领航-跟随者编队生成算法能够在0.4 s内求解完成,而传统领航-跟随者编队由于位置误差的传递迭代已不能保持原有队形。     

纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响

为了研究纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响,将T300碳纤维在氮气氛围中进行不同温度的热处理后,采用液硅熔渗法制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。采用光电子能谱(XPS)对纤维表面成分进行了分析。结果表明:未处理纤维表面具有较高的氧含量,随着热处理温度的升高,纤维表面氧含量逐渐降低,导致纤维表面含氧官能团数目减少。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现:未处理纤维增强的C/C预制体,孔隙尺寸较大且孔隙率低;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,孔隙尺寸较小但孔隙率高。随后对C/C预制体进行液硅熔渗处理,并对熔渗反应过程分析发现:由未处理纤维增强的预制体,液硅熔渗反应主要受溶解-沉淀和界面限制的扩散反应过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体相分布规则且含量较低,同时含有较高的残留Si;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,熔渗反应则主要受溶解-沉淀过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体含量多且分布较均匀,残留Si含量较少。     

原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料磨削表面质量研究

原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料具有密度小,比强度高,比模量大等特点,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。为探索原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料的磨削加工性能,选用单晶刚玉SA砂轮、白刚玉WA砂轮和CBN砂轮在不同磨削参数下对TiB_2/Al复合材料进行磨削试验。首先研究了砂轮材质、转速、工件速度、磨削深度对工件表面粗糙度的影响规律;其次通过对工件表面形貌、磨屑形态、砂轮磨损的观测分析,探索了原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料磨削表面成形机制;最后基于试验数据,给出了TiB_2/Al复合材料磨削工艺参数优选域。本研究可为颗粒增强金属基复合材料磨削加工提供基础理论支撑。     

微球型炭泡沫复合材料力学性能的研究

为表征微球含量对碳泡沫复合材料的影响,以自制热固性酚醛树脂与不同体积分数的酚醛空心微球配比混合,采用模压成型法,制备酚醛泡沫材料;再将其在Ar气保护下高温碳化处理,得到微球型碳泡沫复合材料;研究碳泡沫复合材料的微观结构及空心微球的体积分数对碳泡沫的压缩性能、断裂韧性的影响。结果表明：随着空心微球含量的增加,复合材料的压缩断裂特征由梯度式脆性断裂模式向假塑性断裂模式转变,其断裂韧性也得到了明显改善;空心微球含量为80v01．％的碳泡沫韧性最佳;适当提高空心微球含量,可改善碳泡沫的比压缩强度,空心微球含量为70v01．％的碳泡沫的比压缩强度可达43．32MPa·cm3·g-1。     

C/C复合材料的压缩强度分布与可靠性评估

针对碳/碳（C/C）复合材料力学性能离散的特点,开展穿刺C/C复合材料压缩强度分布与可靠性评估研究。首先通过残差分析确定用于强度分布分析的样本数量,然后通过线性回归分析获得两参数Weibull分布、正态分布及对数正态分布模型的参数,进而探究穿刺C/C复合材料的压缩强度分布规律,最后通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验、Anderson-Darling检验和极大似然方法对3种强度分布模型进行拟合优度检验。结果表明：用于获得穿刺C/C复合材料压缩强度分布的最少样本数量应不少于30;Weibull分布、正态分布和对数正态分布模型均可表征穿刺C/C复合材料的压缩强度分布,其中Weibull分布的拟合优度最高;基于强度分布模型可得到不同可靠度所对应的穿刺C/C复合材料的设计强度参考值。     

过盈配合对复合材料多钉连接强度的影响研究

过盈配合能改善复合材料连接结构载荷分配的不均匀程度,对过盈配合进行分析研究能为过盈配合在复合材料多钉连接中的设计应用提供工程参考价值。对一列三钉复合材料连接结构进行二维分析,通过改变接触关系来模拟过盈配合,并利用ABAQUS软件中的USDFLD子程序对结构进行损伤分析,从损伤机理出发,揭示过盈配合结构的损伤形态形成原理,研究过盈配合在结构损伤过程中对螺栓载荷分配的影响变化规律,及其对连接结构初始破坏强度和极限强度的影响。研究结果表明：适当的过盈配合能够实现载荷分配的均匀化,提高结构的初始破坏强度;过盈配合对结构极限强度的影响不大。     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

考虑含界面裂纹应力集中系数的复合材料强度计算

弱界面复合材料受横向拉伸时,界面会在材料整体破坏前发生脱粘,材料横向拉伸强度甚至远低于纯基体的拉伸强度。为了准确地预测弱界面复合材料的偏轴强度,需要考虑和量化纤维埋入及界面脱粘对基体现场强度的影响。定义考虑界面裂纹的应力集中系数,提出一种新的方法用于预测弱界面复合材料在任意角度偏轴拉伸作用下界面脱粘对应的临界外加载荷和材料的整体强度;并对不同种类的复合材料进行算例分析。结果表明:加入新定义的应力集中系数可以明显提高预测的准确性。     

航空发动机分布式控制拓扑结构优化方法

以控制系统的质量和可靠性为目标,采用基于遗传算法的改进NSGA(non-dominated sorting genetic algorthm)-Ⅱ对航空发动机分布式控制系统的网络拓扑结构进行优化设计.针对可靠性评估方法存在的不足,提出一种用于评估一般网络结构可靠性的方法.结果表明:随着加入的环形节点的增加或基本回路数目增加,系统的质量和可靠性都逐渐增大,但当基本回路数目大于2时,系统的质量会快速增加而可靠性则没有明显变化.因此,在系统质量和可靠性的综合影响下,航空发动机网络拓扑结构中的基本回路数应尽可能不大于2.