一种微型空间驱动机构设计及力学仿真验证

提出一种基于超声电机、谐波减速器及角位置传感器的轻量化微型空间驱动机构方案.该驱动机构有高精度、大扭矩/质量比、结构紧凑、双角度测量备份等优点.对轴承、谐波减速器等关键部件建模方的法进行探讨,并通过对整机的模态分析及振动试验仿真验证设计的合理性.该机构的设计可以被应用于轻型机械臂、太阳帆板驱动机构等空间执行机构.     

一种帆板驱动机构用永磁同步电机微步控制方法

根据磁场定向矢量控制原理,提出一种永磁同步电机微步驱动控制策略.通过保持定子电流矢量幅值不变并均匀改变定子电流矢量的位置,获得大小不变位置均匀变化的定子磁势,从而实现太阳帆板的对日定向.试验结果表明采用所提出的微步驱动控制方法实现了太阳帆板模拟负载的驱动性能,并得出设计过程中应综合考虑整机效率和帆板驱动速度稳定度因素来选取转矩电流给定的结论,也进一步证明了控制方法的有效性,可用于工程实际.     

太阳帆板驱动机构的表面充放电效应研究

空间等离子体环境效应导致的卫星表面充放电是造成卫星在轨工作异常及故障的重要原因之一. 太阳帆板驱动机构（Solar Array Drive Assembly,SADA）是长寿命、大功率卫星电传输环节的关键部件,易成为充放电效应的对象,可使卫星丧失能源,导致整星失效. 为验证空间等离子体环境导致的表面充放电对SADA特别是其功率传输可靠性和安全性的影响,利用等离子体环境模拟试验装置,模拟地球同步轨道（Geostationary Orbit,GEO）等离子体环境,针对SADA进行试验研究. 结果表明,使用两种不同绝缘材料的SADA在空间等离子体模拟环境下表现没有明显区别,表面充放电未对设计合理的SADA正常工作造成明显影响. 研究结果对未来GEO轨道SADA等空间机构的可靠性和安全性设计具有一定指导意义.      

一种高稳定度帆板驱动系统的摩擦参数辨识

为了减少帆板驱动机构（SADA）对太阳帆板的激励作用和降低摩擦的影响,以永磁同步电机作为驱动源,提出了一种基于LuGre模型的摩擦参数辨识和补偿方法.为了能够准确的进行摩擦参数的试验辨识,设计了SADA系统摩擦力矩测试平台两者相结合进行了试验辨识,并将试验辨识所得到的摩擦模型参数代入SADA驱动系统模型中.通过仿真和试验表明：试验辨识较准确,且摩擦补偿后的SADA系统消除了正弦跟踪中速度过零时的波形畸变现象,能够有效改善SADA系统的动态性能     

基于气浮的卫星挠性旋转帆板物理仿真系统设计

挠性附件运动时产生的弹性振动是影响空间飞行器指向精度和控制性能的主要原因.因此,在地面对控制系统抑制振动的性能进行验证具有重要意义.由于太阳帆板低频且长度较大,在地面构建大范围运动的空间微重力环境,耗资及难度极大.本文提出一种基于等效主轴惯量与挠性频率的卫星挠性旋转帆板挠性模拟器,基于气浮法设计了低摩擦与微重力环境的物理仿真系统,并建立了模拟器的动力学模型,等效模拟了卫星挠性旋转帆板的振动特性,降低了卫星挠性旋转帆板地面微重力运动环境模拟的难度,实现了对其控制算法抑制振动性能的有效及高经济性测试.仿真结果表明,模拟器可以通过简单操作实现参数的平滑改变以模拟不同参数及结构的卫星挠性旋转帆板,且具有与真实太阳帆板一致的振动特性,满足测试要求.      

太阳同步轨道卫星的太阳帆板驱动规律研究

研究一类斜飞斜装特殊的太阳同步轨道卫星。首先确定太阳帆板的开始驱动时刻,并给出地球阴影区的计算方法,然后根据不同情况分析太阳帆板的过程驱动规律,并提出基于MATLAB／Simulink／RTW软件的数值设计方法,最后以某卫星为例,说明太阳帆板驱动规律的设计过程,并得到满足工程需要的结果,验证该设计方法的准确性和可行性。     

先进的大面积太阳电池阵电性能测试系统

介绍一种先进的大面积太阳电池阵电性能测试系统 ,它可用于卫星的太阳电池帆板电性能的测试 ,也可用于地面或其他领域中使用的太阳电池阵或单个太阳电池的测试。其主要特点在于 :脉冲光源使光强达一个太阳常数 ,在直径 5m的测试面上 ,光照不均匀性± 3% ,计算机控制 ,测试过程完全自动化 ,多脉冲测试功能可解决太阳电池响应慢的问题。介绍了该系统在国内外的使用及发展情况及在我国空间太阳电池阵的测试中的应用。     

太阳帆板驱动装置建模及其驱动控制研究

综述了国内外太阳帆板驱动装置（SADA,solar array drive assembly）建模方面的相关研究情况,在此基础上建立了较为系统的SADA模型．模型综合考虑了电机驱动、电机模型、机构传动以及负载特性等因素,重点描述了摩擦和电机波动力矩,数学仿真和实验测试结果表明,模型具有一定的准确性和精确性．为提高帆板驱动性能,给出了两种可行的电流补偿方法,数学仿真结果表明两种补偿方法能大大改善帆板驱动平稳度．     

一种高稳定度太阳帆板驱动机构控制方法

为了提高低轨遥感平台卫星用太阳帆板驱动机构（SADM,solar array drive mechanism）的速率稳定度,降低太阳帆板转动对星体姿态稳定度的影响,在对SADM驱动原理分析和驱动性能测试的基础上,明确了步进电机定位力矩对速率稳定度的影响,并提出了定位力矩补偿方法．在SADM转速和转矩测量平台上,对定位力矩补偿的驱动控制效果进行了测试和对比分析,测试结果表明,采用定位力矩补偿控制方法可以将SADM的速率稳定度提高约一倍．     

一种新型双轴太阳帆板驱动线路盒设计

针对双轴太阳帆板驱动装置2个电机的控制要求,提出一种新型双轴帆板驱动线路盒(BSADE,biaxial solar array drive electronics)设计.该线路盒基于现有帆板驱动线路设计,通过在电机驱动线路中设计一种电流方向转换延时线路,解决了电流方向转换瞬间功率管容易对穿的问题,确保了驱动线路工作的安全性,使得原先大功率管才能实现的线路选用小功率管实现,达到了小型化目标.通过对电机驱动线路和负载绕组进行交叉重组设计,解决了主备份线路间磁耦合问题,实现了严格冷备份目标,大大提高了可靠性.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.