资源三号卫星高精度控制分系统地面试验验证系统

针对资源三号(ZY-3)卫星高精度控制分系统地面试验验证需求,设计一整套完备的验证系统,通过对控制分系统各外接口、部件级故障诊断和切换、系统功能、姿态控制精度指标实现情况及在轨故障预案的试验验证等几个方面完成地面试验验证.ZY-3卫星发射后,控制分系统在轨稳定运行且姿态控制精度和时统精度满足整星指标要求.     

星敏感器低频误差在轨校准方法研究

研究星敏感器低频误差在轨校准问题.星敏感器低频误差主要由周期性的空间热环境变化造成,会对卫星姿态确定精度造成显著影响.针对这一问题,提出一种星敏感器低频误差校准新方法,通过扩维卡尔曼滤波同时估计卫星姿态和低频误差参数.研究表明,采用所提低频误差校准方法能够显著提高姿态确定系统的性能.基于在轨卫星上的星敏感器遥测数据建立了用于数学仿真的星敏感器低频误差模型,数学仿真结果验证了低频误差校准方法的有效性.     

APS星敏感器太阳照射影响分析及试验验证

针对APS星敏感器在轨过程中太阳照射问题进行了研究,分析了太阳照射对星敏感器功能和性能的影响,设计了太阳照射相关的试验及验证方案,最后给出了相关试验过程和试验验证结果,明确了分析及试验结论.通过分析和试验结果表明:紫外辐照试验对光学系统透过率无明显影响,且影响在APS星敏感器灵敏度余量范围内;在轨太阳照射对APS星敏感器探测器及整机的功能和性能无影响.相关分析和试验数据可作为星敏感器后续改进设计的依据和参考.     

陆地生态系统碳监测卫星控制系统方案设计及在轨验证

陆地生态系统碳监测卫星(句芒号)主要用于陆地生态系统碳监测、陆地生态和资源调查监测、国家重大生态工程监测评价等,句芒号卫星控制分系统设计了高精度的姿态确定、高稳定的姿态控制算法和混合轨迹规划姿态机动算法.针对载荷对月定标的需求设计任意时刻经过任意惯性空间位置的惯性扫描模式,针对卫星自主任务规划的需求,设计一种基于地表模型图的星下点地表属性预报方法和高精度的火点视线指向地理经纬度计算方法,并为火点检测敏感器提供了太阳天顶角、卫星天顶角、相对方位角等云判辅助信息火点位置的实时动态预报,在轨实现了高可靠的敏感器火点指向计算和伪火点剔除.根据卫星在轨运行数据,给出相应指标实现情况,对姿态控制系统的方案和指标满足情况进行在轨验证.     

中轨道Walker导航星座在轨备份方案优化设计

针对中轨道Walker导航星座在轨备份方案的优化问题,首先提出了在轨备份星轨位优化设计方法,考虑星座运行期间在轨备份星与工作卫星存在共同提供服务的情况,选取PDOP值和可见卫星数作为轨位优化指标,建立了轨位优化模型,并基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法对不同轨位下在轨备份星对导航星座服务性能的提升效果进行仿真分析;然后,基于在轨备份星轨位的优化结果,建立在轨备份星替换的轨道机动模型,并综合考虑速度增量和替换时间,确定了以替换时间最少为优化目标的在轨备份星替换方案。结果表明,提出的在轨备份方案能有效满足备份星的设计需求,增强导航星座的服务性能,实现故障卫星的快速替换,可为导航星座备份星的建设提供借鉴。     

动态拖尾星图模拟算法研究

星图模拟技术是星图识别算法仿真和性能测试的基础.为了更好地模拟星敏感器在轨工作的情况,对星敏感器的软件开发以及自身性能进行有效的地面测试,提出一种动态拖尾星图模拟算法.该算法分为4个步骤:首先根据星敏感器指向在全天球范围内搜索导航星;接着利用小孔成像模型计算导航星在星敏感器成像面的投影位置;然后在考虑卫星运动引起的恒星拖尾的基础上,按照二维灰度分布规律置灰度值来模拟星像点像素;最后叠加杂散光背景及成像器件引起的噪声.提出的算法具有速度快、精度高及可实现性高等优点.     

多星敏感器测量最优姿态估计算法

多数利用星敏感器加陀螺组合的姿态确定方法中,由于星敏感器精度较高,使得系统定姿的精度比较高.然而,姿态确定的算法因观测模型和误差处理不当,导致滤波器观测修正能力下降,从而不能有效地估计陀螺的漂移误差.提出了基于星敏感器观测姿态角的误差建模,研究了多星敏感器组合的最优安装构型和观测融合方法.利用加权最小二乘法对观测数据的预处理,使观测方程定常化.再利用陀螺加星敏感器组合的扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filtering)对航天器姿态和陀螺漂移进行估计.仿真结果表明,提出的多星敏感器最优组合的滤波方法能够有效精确地估计卫星三轴姿态和陀螺漂移,且该方法计算量小,有利于卫星定姿系统的在轨自主运行.     

基于资源一号02B卫星红外地球敏感器和星敏感器的自主导航

 本文阐述了利用星敏感器和红外地球敏感器进行自主导航的原理。以资源一号02B卫星的飞行数据为基础,进行了自主导航的研究,结果表明采用国产红外地球敏感器和星敏感器的资源一号02B卫星可以实现较高精度的自主导航,说明了该方案的可行性。     

基于资源一号02B卫星姿态敏感器的自主导航

阐述了利用星敏感器和圆锥扫描式红外地球敏感器进行自主导航的原理,以资源一号02B卫星的飞行数据为基础,进行了自主导航的地面实验,发现采用国产红外地球敏感器和星敏感器的资源一号02B卫星可以实现较高精度的自主导航,实验结果说明了该自主导航方案的可行性.     

星敏感器姿态测量相对基准偏差在轨标校方法研究

摘要： 对航天器星敏感间姿态测量基准偏差在轨标校及性能评估问题进行研究.建立包含敏感器安装误差与测量误差的星敏感器模型,针对两种不同形式的安装误差模型,推导出相应的观测方程,基于卡尔曼滤波方法设计相对基准偏差估计器,并比较分析两种估计器实际应用特点.然后针对在轨实际应用,给出一种基于敏感器光轴夹角的标校性能评估方法,通过数学仿真验证星敏感器相对基准偏差的标校的有效性,并基于在轨数据的标校应用获取相对基准偏差在轨特性.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.