作大范围运动刚柔混合体的动力学建模与仿真

考虑耦合效应的柔性空间结构耦合动力学研究在航空航天领域具有重要的应用价值.用有限元法对柔性结构进行离散化处理,得到了柔性结构的模态阵.以模态展开方法以及Kane方程为理论基础,建立了作大范围运动刚柔混合体的动力学模型,并通过Matlab软件编写程序进行求解.为了检验该动力学模型及其程序的正确性,将Matlab仿真结果与商用软件仿真结果进行对照,进而验证了该仿真的正确性.本研究解决了中心刚体加柔性附件这一类航天器的动力学仿真问题.      

基于混合Gramian的柔性航天器保结构平衡降阶

对于柔性航天器动力学方程的降阶问题,传统的内平衡降阶方法破坏了原方程的动力学结构.为了解决这一问题,提出了一种牺牲严格内平衡状态,而保留原系统动力学特性的近似内平衡降阶方法.该方法利用混合Gramian描述系统的模态价值,针对柔性航天器动力学方程的特殊形式,给出了混合Gramian的闭合解析解.该方法得到的降阶模型可以保留原系统包括二阶结构,对称和正定性在内的所有动力学特性.数值算例表明该方法不但可以达到与传统一阶内平衡方法相当的降阶精度,而且降阶速度有大幅度提升.      

模态价值分析在航天器模型降阶中的应用研究

模态价值分析 (ModalCostAnalysis ,简称MCA)是一种重要的模型降阶方法 ,它不仅反映了系统本身的力学特性 ,而且综合考虑了系统的可观性和可控性。文章首先给出了MCA的一般理论形式 ;然后重点推导了MCA应用于中心刚体加柔性附件类航天器动力学模型降阶的工程应用模型 ;最后通过详尽的应用算例 ,说明MCA应用于柔性航天器模型降阶的有效性。     

空间站机械臂转位系统动力学建模及特性分析

为分析空间站在应用机械臂转位过程中的动力学特性,采用矢量力学方法推导了考虑偏心量的空间站转位系统动力学模型.使用有限元方法描述柔性臂的弹性变形,应用Newton-Euler法建立空间站机械臂转位系统转动方程,并采用Lagrange法建立柔性臂振动方程;针对柔性机械臂末端带有大负载的特点,将末端弹性变形引起的负载角速度从负载绝对角速度中分离,应用约束模态展开法对动力学方程进行降阶.提出了构造降维矩阵的方法以便于利用空间动力学模型研究机械臂平面转位问题;分析了空间站舱体转位过程中系统的转动惯量、偏心量发生变化的特性.数值仿真结果表明:空间站在转位过程中,系统总体相对于系统质心的转动惯量变化巨大,且偏心量变化范围甚至已超出了空间站核心舱的几何范围.结论可为空间站的控制系统设计提供理论参考.     

柔性卫星大角度机动的自适应模糊变结构控制

针对柔性卫星大角度机动过程中多种模态的强耦合非线性动力学控制问题,提出了一种自适应模糊变结构姿态控制方法.首先利用拉格朗日方程建立了带柔性附件卫星的动力学模型,然后设计变结构控制器使得系统状态能在有限时间内到达滑模面,并采用自适应模糊系统逼近系统所存在的耦合非线性项.为了削弱变结构控制项所带来的抖动,避免激发柔性附件的高频模态,采用边界层方法来代替开关项,并通过模糊规则表的方法确定边界层的厚度.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法既实现了柔性卫星高精度姿态控制,也保证了卫星大角度机动过程中柔性附件弹性模态的有效抑制,系统对各种干扰具有一定的鲁棒性.      

带有阻尼机构的多柔体航天器动力学建模

对通过阻尼机构连接的多柔体航天器动力学问题进行研究,考察的系统由航天器本体、若干六自由度刚性阻尼平台以及固连于阻尼平台的大柔性附件构成,阻尼平台与航天器本体之间以弹性 阻尼装置连接,为典型的多柔体系统.以混合坐标描述系统的运动,利用Kane方程建立了具有较强通用性且有利于系统控制器设计的含有约束阻尼的动力学模型.数值仿真结果表明,阻尼器可有效衰减柔性附件的振动,有利于星体受扰后的快速稳定     

柔性航天器的动力学建模问题

首先简单介绍了关于柔性航天器动力学建模的一些综述论文,指出了柔性航天器动力学建模的困难所在。然后,分别对柔性体变形运动的描述模型,浮动参考架的选择、动力学方程的建立和模型降阶等问题进行了探讨。     

平衡空间到模态空间的反映射模型降阶方法

针对内平衡降阶方法物理意义不清晰,平衡坐标无法由传感器直接测量的问题,文章基于柔性航天器动力学模型,提出了通过反映射实现平衡空间到模态空间的模型降阶方法。利用状态空间线性变换传递函数和特征值的不变性,通过平衡降阶模型零极点传递函数获得了与原系统相对应的特征频率,给出了平衡降阶模型与原模态子空间的映射关系,成功构造了反映射矩阵。频率响应及可控可观性分析结果显示,模态子空间降阶模型能够准确找到与原模型相匹配的状态变量,物理意义清楚,便于控制系统使用。     

智能太阳翼动力学建模与模态分析

研究柔性航天器的动力学与控制问题时,通常需要利用柔性附件的模态信息。为获取航天器的高精度姿态控制,必须解决柔性附件的振动抑制问题。配置压电传感/作动器是解决太阳翼振动控制的有效手段。针对基板表面粘贴压电传感/作动器的太阳翼,基于一阶剪切变形层板理论,建立了包含机电耦合效应对结构刚度贡献的有限元模型,并在连接机构等效梁单元中引入了轴向载荷。利用假设剪切应变方法解决了一阶剪切变形层板理论的剪切闭锁问题。仿真结果表明:太阳翼的动力学特征随压电传感/作动器配置方式的改变而改变;连接架轴向载荷可以大幅提高太阳翼的侧摆振动频率;给压电作动器施加控制电压可以增加太阳翼的结构阻尼。     

挠性航天器系统动力学耦合特性研究

基于单向递推组集方法, 对带柔性附件的航天器进行动力学建模, 研究了航天器姿态耦合系数的计算方法. 单向递推组集建模方法相比传统线性化方法, 其计算结果更精确, 推导过程完全依照刚柔耦合动力学模型, 完整保留了挠性附件弹性振动对系统质心和转动惯量的影响, 未作多余近似假设. 仿真算例表明, 该方法计算系统的耦合系数具有更高精确性, 说明了单向递推组集方法相比传统方法在挠性航天器系统刚柔耦合动力学问题中的优越性.      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.