Succession in a microbial mat community: A gaian perspective

The Gaia hypothesis originally proposed by James E. Lovelock states that the composition, oxidation-reduction state and temperature of the troposphere are actively regulated by the activities of the biota. The gaian concept has been extrapolated to include the composition of surface sediments through the process of biomineralization. The stratified microbial community dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes is actively involved in the deposition of laminated sediments at Laguna Figueroa, Baja California, Mexico. Unusually heavy rains in the winters of 1979 and 1980 flooded the evaporite flat with up to 3 meters of meteoric water and deposited 5 – 10 cm of allocthonous sediment. The composition of the microbial community changed as a succession of dominating microbial species ensued, ultimately leading to the recolonization of the surface sediment by the original Microcoleus-dominated community. The resiliency of bacterial communities is suggested to be an important mechanism of gaian control systems.     

CPS在航天器控制系统中的应用分析

航天器控制系统是一种典型的信息-物理融合系统(CPS),应用CPS技术将是提高航天器控制系统设计正确性和效率的一个重要途径.在探讨CPS系统特征和CPS技术研究的进展以及分析航天器控制系统的技术特点的基础上,分析了在航天器控制系统中应用CPS技术的可行性,提出了基于CPS技术的系统设计的新思路和技术途径,并研究了在航天器控制系统中应用CPS技术需解决的问题和面临的挑战.     

Remote sensing techniques for monitoring and managing irrigated lands

Agriculture in semi-arid tracts of the world depends on water to sustain its irrigation systems. Such agricultural systems either derive from government investments in the control of surface flow or they have been developed through the exploitation of groundwater sometimes by a large community of unsupervised individuals seeking to maximise their own advantage without concern for the resource upon which they depend in the medium and long term. In both cases government agencies need data on the area irrigated and the volume of water used. In countries with highly developed scientific and agricultural institutions the contribution of remote sensing, though significant, may only provide between five and ten per cent of the data required to guide regional and national managers. In countries without such institutions the proportion contributed by remote sensing can be very much higher, as shown in a recent study in North Africa. The paper will emphasise the importance of carefully structured sampling procedures, both to improve the areal estimates from satellite imagery and the estimates of water use based upon them. The role of satellite imagery in providing information on the status of water resources, on trends in water use and in the implementation of policies to extend or diminish irrigated land are discussed.     

卫星姿态控制系统的故障可诊断性评价研究

在不依赖任何诊断算法的前提下,对卫星姿态控制系统中传感器和执行器的故障可诊断性进行评价,旨在将提高系统故障诊断能力的工作重点前移到设计阶段.由于反馈控制的存在,导致故障会在整个系统中进行传播,使得单故障源表现出多异常征兆,这给闭环系统的故障诊断带来极大挑战.将故障视作扩展状态,并考虑模型不确定性,得到卫星姿态闭环控制系统的状态空间模型;根据可观测性判据,给出并证明考虑建模不确定性的加性故障和乘性故障可诊断性条件.所得相关结论可为卫星姿态控制系统设计提供理论参考依据.     

Advances in long duration,high altitude flights

During the past two decades there have been many significant advances made in the state-of-the-art of scientific ballooning. High altitude long duration flights, of moderate to heavy payloads, however, have proven to be the one requirement of the scientific community that has been the most difficult to meet. Conventional and cryogenic ballasting systems, super pressure balloons and hybrid balloon systems are some of the approaches that have been taken to maintain experiments at altitude for extended periods of time. The results of those development efforts and various methods of data retrieval will be discussed.     

Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy attitude takeover control of spacecraft

The problem of attitude takeover control of spacecraft by using cellular satellites with limited communication, actuator faults and input saturation is investigated. In order to lighten the communication burden of cellular satellites, an event-triggered control strategy is adopted. The filtered attitude information needs to be transmitted only when the defined measurement error reaches the event-triggered threshold in this strategy. Then, to deal with the unknown inertia matrix, actuator faults, external disturbances and the errors caused by event-triggered scheme, fuzzy logic systems is introduced to estimate the uncertainties directly. Combining fuzzy logic control strategy and the event-triggered method, the first event-triggered adaptive fuzzy control law is developed. Then, torque saturation of cellular satellites is further considered in the second control law, where the upper bound of the uncertainties is estimated by fuzzy logic systems. The resulting closed-loop systems under the two control laws are guaranteed to be bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of two proposed control laws is verified by the numerical simulations.     

不确定非完整动力学系统的变结构指数镇定

链式系统是非完整运动学系统的一种标准形式. 通过坐标和输入变换,许多非完整运动学系统均可化为这种形式.当非完整运动学系统可化为链式系统时, 直接基于一类不确定非完整动力学系统, 利用变结构控制的方法设计了全局镇定控制律. 该控制律的特点是: 存在一个有限时间,使得在此时间后闭环系统的状态可以以任意速率指数收敛到零. 最后将该方法用于一类移动机器人的控制器设计,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.      

Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS)

Early warning systems represent an innovative and effective approach to mitigate the risk associated with natural hazards. Early warning technologies are now available for almost all natural hazards and systems are already in operation in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, recent disasters such as the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Katrina hurricane in 2005, highlighted inadequacies in early warning technologies.

Efforts towards the development of a global warning system are necessary for turning the tide in early warning processes and technologies. There is a pressing need for a globally comprehensive early warning system based on existing systems. The global system should be a mechanism which can consolidate scientific information and evidences, package this knowledge in a form usable to international and national decision makers and actively disseminate this information to those users.

The proposed Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) will provide information emanating from monitoring, Earth observing and early warning systems to users in a near-real-time mode and bridge the gap between the scientific community and policy makers. Characteristics and operational aspects of such a service, GEAS, are discussed.     

Canadian advanced life support capacities and future directions

Canada began research on space-relevant biological life support systems in the early 1990s. Since that time Canadian capabilities have grown tremendously, placing Canada among the emerging leaders in biological life support systems. The rapid growth of Canadian expertise has been the result of several factors including a large and technically sophisticated greenhouse sector which successfully operates under challenging climatic conditions, well planned technology transfer strategies between the academic and industrial sectors, and a strong emphasis on international research collaborations. Recent activities such as Canada’s contribution of the Higher Plant Compartment of the European Space Agency’s MELiSSA Pilot Plant and the remote operation of the Arthur Clarke Mars Greenhouse in the Canadian High Arctic continue to demonstrate Canadian capabilities with direct applicability to advanced life support systems. There is also a significant latent potential within Canadian institutions and organizations with respect to directly applicable advanced life support technologies. These directly applicable research interests include such areas as horticultural management strategies (for candidate crops), growth media, food processing, water management, atmosphere management, energy management, waste management, imaging, environment sensors, thermal control, lighting systems, robotics, command and data handling, communications systems, structures, in-situ resource utilization, space analogues and mission operations. With this background and in collaboration with the Canadian aerospace industry sector, a roadmap for future life support contributions is presented here. This roadmap targets an objective of at least 50% food closure by 2050 (providing greater closure in oxygen, water recycling and carbon dioxide uptake). The Canadian advanced life support community has chosen to focus on lunar surface infrastructure and not low Earth orbit or transit systems (i.e. microgravity applications). To advance the technical readiness for the proposed lunar missions, including a lunar plant growth lander, lunar “salad machine” (i.e. small scale plant production unit) and a full scale lunar plant production system, a suite of terrestrial developments and analogue systems are proposed. As has been successfully demonstrated by past Canadian advanced life support activities, terrestrial technology transfer and the development of highly qualified personnel will serve as key outputs for Canadian advanced life support system research programs. This approach is designed to serve the Canadian greenhouse industry by developing compliance measures for mitigating environmental impact, reducing labour and energy costs as well as improving Canadian food security, safety and benefit northern/remote communities.     

液压能源管路系统振动主动控制的理论研究

对飞机液压能源管路系统的振动问题进行了探讨.提出一种基于振动主动控制(VAC)技术对飞机液压能源管路系统进行消振的方法,在手段上采用压电/压电致伸技术,以压电陶瓷(PZT)作为作动器,具有驱动力大、响应频率高和体积小等优点;控制方法上采用参数寻优的控制策略,它能始终能根据外界干扰因素的变化来调整控制参数.经过理论分析和仿真验证,证明其具有良好的自适应性和鲁棒性,在变转速和变负载情况下始终能保持最佳的消振效果.     

数控系统在S域和P域的分析设计方法

讨论一种典型的采样控制系统──直接数字控制（ＤＤＣ）系统（简称数控系统）在Ｓ域和Ｐ域的分析设计方法。根据采样控制系统理论,从数控系统在Ｚ平面的稳定性判据出发,利用ｔｕｓｔｉｎ变换（Ｐ变换）,通过Ｚ平面、Ｓ平面和Ｐ平面之间的映像关系,导出数控系统在Ｓ域和Ｐ域的稳定性判据,进而提出了数控系统在Ｓ域和Ｐ域的分析设计方法,并详细说明了这两种设计方法的具体方法与步骤。     

随机系统的变结构控制

本文提出了随机系统的变结构控制问题,初步研究了随机变结构控制系统的行为,引出了滑动运动带的概念,给出了变结构控制策略,最后,指出了有待于进一步研究的问题。     

参数不确定空间机械臂关节轨迹跟踪的增广自适应控制方案

讨论了载体位置与姿态均不受控制的漂浮基两杆空间机械臂系统的控制问题.系统动力学分析的结果表明,结合系统动量及动量矩守恒关系得到的系统动力学方程将为系统惯性参数的非线性函数.证明了借助于增广变量法,即通过适当扩展系统的控制输入与输出可以得到一组控制方程,它们可以表示为一组适当选择的惯性参数的线性函数.以此为基础,针对机械臂末端载荷参数未知的情况,设计了关节空间轨迹跟踪的增广自适应控制方案.此控制方案的显著优点在于不需要测量漂浮基的位置及移动的速度、加速度.仿真运算证实了方法的有效性.      

多体卫星高稳定度智能控制方案研究

卫星上大型挠性天线的加减速运动会对星体产生较大的扰动,影响了星体姿态的指向精度和稳定度.运用Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了变结构和神经网络控制器,并在星体前馈中引入扰动补偿力矩,从而保证星体姿态角速度在不确定性干扰下能以指数形式收敛到某一给定的有界范围内,仿真证明了姿态的稳定度满足给定的指标要求.      

空间机械臂关节电流环预测控制研究

空间机械臂是空间在轨服务的重要执行机构,关节伺服控制性能在很大程度上影响着机械臂操控性能.电流环是关节多控制环嵌套结构的最内层,针对高性能关节伺服控制系统对电流环动态响应快、超调量小和参数鲁棒性强的要求,本文提出一种高阶形式的无差拍电流预测控制方法,仿真结果表明：相比PI调节器,该方法极大提升了系统带宽,可使电流环动态响应速度逼近数字控制系统中的理论上限;相比传统无差拍控制方法,该方法对于电机电阻与磁链参数变化具有更强的适应性,在参数失配的条件下具有更好的动态与稳态性能.     

一类结构随机跳变系统的最优控制方法

针对一类复杂的结构随机跳变系统提出了一种新的最优控制方法,解决了当系统结构的转换过程难以观测或根本无法观测情况下结构随机跳变系统的控制问题.在机载障碍规避系统的反干扰最优控制问题中的仿真结果,验证了这种方法的有效性.      

功率电传机载作动系统方案分析

综述了目前正在验证中的各种功率电传机载作动系统的发展状况,并详尽描述其工作原理,在分析其各自的优缺点之后,针对当今技术发展现状以及新型作战飞机对作动系统的要求,提出了两种新型的功率电传作动系统——电机-泵复合控制功率电传作动系统和电机-泵-阀复合控制功率电传作动系统,初步实验分析证明了该两种方案作为向全电作动系统的过渡是可行的,将对未来机载作动系统的研制具有实际指导意义.      

一类复杂通信条件下高阶线性群系统编队控制

针对时变时延、拓扑不确定和外部扰动等复杂通信条件下的高阶线性群系统编队控制问题进行研究。首先,建立了群系统编队控制问题的数学描述,并基于一致性最近邻原则给出了编队控制协议框架。其次,提出了群系统实现编队的充要条件。通过状态分解和变量代换,给出了约束条件下,编队控制协议的设计方法。同时,为得到群系统所允许最大时延边界,引入自由权矩阵,得到了保守性较小的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）判据条件。仿真实验验证了编队控制方法对于有界时变时延、拓扑不确定以及外部扰动具有一定的鲁棒性。