耐高温抗激光烧蚀涂层研制与性能表征

以有机硅树脂、聚碳硅烷和玻璃粉为黏结剂,添加Al2O3,BN,SiC,ZrO2,SiO2和碳纤维等耐热填料制备了抗烧蚀涂层,对其物理机械性能进行了表征,同时分别采用马氟炉、氧乙炔焰烧蚀对其耐热抗烧蚀性能进行了表征。研究结果表明:玻璃粉、BN对改善涂层裂纹起关键作用,ZrO2对提高涂层隔热和耐烧蚀性能至关重要。所研制涂层在厚度为1mm的30CrMnSiA钢基材表面涂覆600μm,经受3000℃氧乙炔焰4s烧蚀,钢基材不发生穿孔;900μm厚度的涂层在531W/cm2激光功率密度下照射4s,带涂层钢基材背面温度比同等辐照温度下,空白钢板背面温度下降1000℃左右。     

酚醛树脂基泡沫碳材料的烧蚀与隔热性能

为考察纳米孔径的酚醛树脂基泡沫碳材料的烧蚀与隔热性能,以酚醛树脂为碳源,环戊烷为发泡剂,吐温80为表面活性剂,对甲苯磺酸为固化剂,采用发泡固化碳化工艺制备了低密度泡沫碳材料。所制备的泡沫碳材料密度为0. 3 g/cm^3,压缩强度达到了11. 7 MPa。采用LFA457激光导热仪考察了泡沫碳材料在不同温度下(25、200、400、600℃)的导热性能,25℃下热导率为0. 141 W/(m·K),600℃下热导率为0. 344 W/(m·K);通过氧乙炔试验(30 s/60 s)对泡沫碳材料与C/C复合材料在同样的气流条件下隔热性能进行了比较,在材料正面烧蚀峰值温度泡沫碳材料比C/C复合材料高出约400℃的情况下,背面峰值温度比C/C复合材料仍低出150℃;通过氧乙炔试验考察泡沫碳材料的抗烧蚀性能,氧乙炔烧蚀60 s的线烧蚀率为0. 031 mm/s。试验结果证明低密度的泡沫碳材料同时具备优异的隔热与高温抗烧蚀性能。     

RTM型耐烧蚀酚醛树脂性能研究

对一种可用于RTM工艺的酚醛树脂的成型工艺性能和浇铸体性能进行研究,采用流变性能测试、热失重分析、氧-乙炔烧蚀等方法进行表征。结果表明:树脂的低黏度平台(≤800 mPa·s)长,且65~80℃的适用期均大于2 h;树脂浇铸体在800℃N2氛围下残碳率为61.38%,线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.167 mm/s和0.065 4 g/s。说明这种树脂可用作RTM注射成型且适合作为烧蚀防热复合材料的基体。     

2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的烧蚀性能

用ZrB2微粉对2D C/SiC基体进行改性,研究了化学气相渗透结合浆料浸渍及先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备2DC/SiC-ZrB2复合材料在氧-乙炔焰和1800℃甲烷风洞环境中的烧蚀行为.结果表明:在氧-乙炔环境中,2D C/SiC-ZrB2的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为6.1×10-2 mm/s和1.0×10 -2g/s,相对2D C/SiC复合材料而言,ZrB2微粉并没有提高C/SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.在1800℃甲烷风洞环境中,涂层致密度起主要作用,涂层致密度相同时,复合材料的开气孔率越大,质量烧蚀率越大,ZrB2微粉的渗入对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀性能影响不大.     

耐烧蚀防热隔热涂层的研制

根据某大型固体火箭发动机的飞行工作特性,在研究涂层的防热隔热机理的基础上,采用环氧改性有机硅树脂为基体树脂,加入耐温梯度分解混合填料及添加剂等制备了一种外防热涂层,并通过L9(33)正交实验确定了无机混合填料组分多聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝和硼酸的最佳用量分别为4份、6份、3份.最后确定的涂层最佳配方试验结果:线烧蚀率为0.116 mm/s,热导率为0.28 W/(m·K),密度为1.28 g/cm3,附着力为11.84 MPa,表明该涂层具有良好的防热隔热性能且综合性能优良,满足了该固体火箭发动机的外部防热需求.     

C/C复合材料在再入模拟环境中烧蚀性能研究

为了研究轴棒法编织的高密度碳/碳(C/C复合材料在再入飞行时的烧蚀性能,采用热等离子体地面模拟再入烧蚀系统对C/C复合材料进行烧蚀试验。试验中分别采用氮气(N、氧气(O和空气作为工作气体,对比研究C/C复合材料在不同环境中的烧蚀率和烧蚀性能。结果表明,三种情况下试样的烧蚀率和微观形貌有很大差异;纯氧气时氧化反应的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.0423mm/s和0.0451g/s大于纯氮气时氮化反应的0.0314mm/s和0.0338g/s也大于空气成分时复合反应的0.0215mm/s和0.0208g/s在试样烧蚀的热影响区发生轻微开裂;三种工况下的烧蚀机理不同,分别是碳的升华、碳的氧化和碳氮反应的某种组合。     

CVD-SiC阵列结构对ZrB2/SiC涂层抗烧蚀性影响

采用飞秒激光在化学气相沉积(CVD)-SiC中间层表面制备不同尺寸的阵列,研究了阵列结构对ZrB₂/SiC涂层性能的影响。结果表明,随着激光刻蚀频次的增大,阵列结构的深度从30μm增大到150μm。采用氧乙炔烧蚀600 s,ZrB₂/SiC涂层烧蚀表面温度随CVD-SiC微结构深度增大而逐步降低,最低的表面温度达到1 700°C,下降了约200℃。烧蚀中心区域的颜色从白色过渡到浅灰色。对于激光刻蚀频次为5的试样,在600 s的单次烧蚀后,质量烧蚀率和线性烧蚀率分别为-7.4×10^-5 g/s和-13.3μm/s。阵列结构增大了ZrB₂/SiC涂层与CVD-SiC中间层的接触面积,从而增强了导热性能,减少了热积聚,进而改善了ZrB₂/SiC涂层的抗烧蚀性能。     

轴棒法编织C/C复合材料的超声速火焰烧蚀性能

为了研究轴棒法编织、高压浸渍-碳化致密工艺(HPIC)及高温处理工艺制成的高密度的碳/碳(C/C)复合材料在火箭发动机中的烧蚀性能,使用气氧和煤油超声速(HVO)火焰对复合材料进行含铝工况烧蚀/侵蚀实验,烧蚀时间为30s;对比研究了复合材料在有、无含铝粒子侵蚀时烧蚀性能的差别;分别用扫描电镜、微CT和表面能谱分析了不同工况烧蚀表面的形貌和成分。结果表明,在不同的烧蚀工况下,材料的表面粗糙度不同,微观形貌和烧蚀率也有很大差异;复合材料在无粒子侵蚀工况下的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率的平均值分别是0.0318mm/s和0.0319g/s,烧蚀表面呈竹笋状和毛絮状,热化学烧蚀起主导作用;有粒子侵蚀时的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率的平均值分别是0.0516mm/s和0.0353g/s,烧蚀表面呈钝竹笋状,纤维从根部断裂,热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀同时起作用;在纤维和基体表面有Al2O3粒子沉积;含铝烧蚀/侵蚀的线烧蚀率是不含铝烧蚀的1.6倍,质量烧蚀率的1.1倍。在烧蚀区的内部,基体碳受热后开裂,而碳纤维与基体碳间的界面相受热后无明显变化。     

功能涂料及多功能广用途改性剂

<正>1梯度功能轻质烧蚀涂料(1)T-98烧蚀涂料(2)TH-120轻质烧蚀涂料(3)TH-80烧蚀涂料(4)TH-60烧蚀涂料(5)THD-1室温固化烧蚀涂料以上涂料的固化温度有180、120、80、60℃及室温等,其线烧蚀率为-0.3-0.0496 mm/s,质量烧蚀率为78.8-40 mg/s,并且无烟。它们的密度有1.2、0.8、0.4及0.22 g/㎝3,可按设计要求调整。相应的热导率为0.45、0.14、0.08及0.055 W/(m.K)。通过防热专业的理论计算,可以获得很好的烧蚀性和隔热性能。     

CVD-SiC 涂层的C/ C-SiC 复合材料的抗烧蚀性能

采用CVD法,1 050℃在三维针刺C/C-SiC复合材料表面制备SiC涂层,研究稀释气体与载气流量比分别为4∶1和2∶1制备条件下涂层的晶体结构、表面和断面的微观形貌,对比了涂层前后C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.结果表明:稀释气体流量降低其制备的SiC涂层更加平整致密,与基体结合程度更好,沉积产物均为单一的β-SiC结晶相.在600 s的氧化烧蚀下,两种流量比条件下制备CVD-SiC涂层的C/C-SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率比未涂层的分别降低34％和50％,质量烧蚀率分别降低70％和75％,抗氧化烧蚀性能明显提高.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.