管道相连泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的实验研究

采用管道相连容器进行了工业规模的粉尘爆炸实验,目的是研究粮食粉尘在管道相连的加工和输送工业设备中发生粉尘爆炸时火焰和爆炸压力的传播过程及粉尘的Kst值对爆炸的影响。实验装置为一个气力输送系统,由两个不同体积的容器通过管道连接构成。采用粮食工业上具有代表性的两类粉尘进行了粉尘爆炸测试,爆炸从一个容器中通过管道传播到另一个容器中并引发了随后的二次爆炸,测试了不同位置的火焰和压力信号。实验结果表明：即使在起爆容器采取了泄爆措施,管道中没有粉尘喷入的情况下,粉尘爆炸火焰也可沿管道传播达30m并引发二次爆炸;随着粉尘爆炸指数的增大,初始爆炸的猛烈程度增强,火焰传播速度加快,二次爆炸的猛烈程度也随之增强。     

聚碳硅烷粉尘火灾爆炸特性参数测试及安全性分析

为确保聚碳硅烷粉尘作业安全,避免发生火灾爆炸事故,本文按照相应国家测试标准,采用标准测试仪器,对聚碳硅烷粉尘的最小点火能、最低着火温度、爆炸下限浓度3个火灾爆炸特性参数进行了测试。结果表明:聚碳硅烷粉尘最小点火能1. 5 mJEmin2 mJ,最低着火温度MIT=320℃,爆炸下限浓度12 g/m3Cmin13 g/m3。结合常见涉爆粉尘火灾爆炸特性参数范围比对分析,结果表明:聚碳硅烷粉尘最低着火温度和最小点火能均较低、爆炸下限浓度也小,说明该粉尘极易被引爆,安全风险较高。     

封闭圆柱形粉尘爆炸罐内扬尘诱导湍流特性的确定

采用热线风速仪和系综平均法测定和研究了封闭圆柱形粉尘爆炸罐内扬尘湍流的瞬态特性，并与球形爆炸容器内已测定的扬尘湍流瞬态特性进行了比较，对系综合平均法用于扬尘湍流的测量误差与测量次数的关系进行了探讨。     

爆炸焊接

国营红旗造船厂试验研究了爆炸焊接工艺,已获得了显著的成果。该厂试验研究并用于生产的爆炸焊接工艺方法有三种:爆炸板复合;爆炸管复合;爆炸搭接     

爆炸切割冲击防护技术研究

根据人体听觉损伤安全极限和非听觉损伤安全极限,结合爆炸切割清理弹射通道技术的工程实践,确定了飞行员弹射时对爆炸冲击的损伤安全极限。将爆炸冲击波对飞行员的影响,简化成爆炸冲击波在自由场的传播对飞行员的影响,提出了爆炸冲击超压的估算公式。通过爆炸切割过程的物理描述,提出避免爆炸冲击及飞散物对乘员的损伤影响,需要重点研究切割索保护套或者类似结构,采用了芳纶布、芳纶布增强橡胶、芳纶纤维增强橡胶、橡胶等四种材料进行了爆炸切割防护试验,对4种不同材料的爆炸冲击防护效果进行了对比。最后确定采用橡胶作为防护材料,进行了单件试验和两件试验的爆炸冲击的对比,提出两件相比单件爆炸冲击的叠加影响。     

爆炸焊接技术及工程应用

爆炸焊接作为一种特殊焊接技术广泛应用于生产各种金属复合板材,爆炸焊接复合板材不仅结合强度高,还可以实现多种不同金属材料的大面积复合,从而有效地降低了贵金属材料成本。除了介绍爆炸焊接基本原理、爆炸焊接窗口和试验技术外,还对当前爆炸焊接新技术和新产品开发作了讨论,同时也介绍了爆炸焊接复合金属材料在不同行业领域的应用以及未来的发展前景。     

爆炸喷镀技术

一、前言爆炸喷镀是美国联合碳化物公司林德分公司的专利,由该公司涂层服务部经营,至今在欧、美、亚三洲建立了十六个喷镀工厂,代客加工各种材料的爆炸喷镀涂层。该公司从未出售过关于爆炸喷镀的专利和设备,一九七九年九月该公司(UCAR)同意出售该项设备技术专利,报价为990万美元,     

室内爆炸井

爆炸成形是钣料压制的一种新工艺,我国已有不少单位在生产中正式应用,并取得了较好的成果。但目前各单位都在露天进行生产,因而受气候条件的影响很大。为了改善这种状况,我们于1961年即开始着手进行这一课题的研究。1963年底建立了一个面积为140平方米的爆炸成形实验室和直径1400毫米的室内爆炸井。至今已完成了第一期的试验鉴定工作,认为该井已初步具备在生产中试用的条件。     

某型机进气道蒙皮爆炸胀形工艺研究

介绍了某型机进气道蒙皮爆炸胀形工艺的制定过程,主要阐述了爆炸胀形工艺方法的确定、爆炸胀形模的设计及爆炸工艺参数的选择,最后还介绍了爆炸胀形工艺方案的实施.     

水下爆炸的数值模拟研究现状

阐明水下爆炸的深入研究对军事和民用工业都有着重要的意义,水下爆炸数值模拟可分为爆炸现象数值模拟和舰船及水下结构数值模拟两方面,文中分别从这两方面分析和总结了水下爆炸的数值模拟研究现状。     

航空发动机砂尘吸入物静电监测仿真实验

提出了航空发动机砂尘吸入物静电监测的仿真实验方法,实验以软件ANSYS电磁场分析模块建立有限元模型为基础,模拟不同粒径、荷质比、运动速度及质量浓度情况下砂尘吸入物的静电感应信号,并分别从时域与频域对感应电荷与电压信号进行分析,研究砂尘吸入物的粒径及其他宏观参数与静电监测信号之间的关系,建立用以表征砂尘颗粒粒径大小的特征指标。基于IDMS(进气监测系统)感应电压信号功率谱密度分布建立了特征向量,并以其曼哈顿距离与欧氏距离作为特征指标表征砂尘颗粒粒径大小。经仿真实验验证:特征指标与砂尘粒径呈正相关,且不受砂尘吸入物运动速度及荷质比变化的影响,但受砂尘吸入物质量浓度影响。进一步研究将利用质量浓度对特征指标进行修正,并开展验证实验。      

某型航空涡轴发动机吞砂试验研究

砂尘环境是航空发动机事故中常见且重要的诱发环境,因此,吞砂试验是新型发动机摸底和定型的重要试验项目。根据GJB 242-1987相关要求,通过设计投砂装置模拟真实砂尘环境,对某型航空涡轴发动机进行地面吞砂试验。试验结果表明:随着吞砂时间的增加,发动机功率衰减,耗油率增加,燃气涡轮出口总温有所提高;发动机性能在吞砂前2 h变化速率较快,随吞砂时间增加变化速率放缓。     

Sikkim's Teesta River fog, mist and dust particle monitoring using monostatic LIDAR

Fog, mist, and atmospheric dust particles, having the dimension of one micrometer or less, play an important role in the deterioration of visibility, as well as in causing local warming in the atmosphere. With an attempt to reduce the deterioration, a scientific approach has to be taken to determine their origins. A monostatic LIDAR may be one of the best instruments for such work. The authors are tempted to develop such a LIDAR for fog, mist, and dust particle monitoring over River Teesta at Sikkim. LIDAR is an acronym for Light Detection And Ranging. What can we do with LIDAR? Measure distance, measure speed, measure rotation, measure chemical composition and concentration, and measure cross-sections of the targets. The digital technique is always utilized for its development which results in better security, lower power consumption, higher power efficiency, higher reliability, lower transmitter power, lower multipath effect, higher interference suppression as compared to an analog system. The commercial systems like disdometer, rain radar, mobile robot, etc., utilizing LIDAR principles are operational in different parts of the world. The authors are highly motivated for such LIDAR development and their development effort follows.     

Normal Nearby Galaxies

Following on from IRAS, ISO has provided a huge advancement in our knowledge of the phenomenology of the infrared (IR) emission of normal galaxies and the underlying physical processes. Highlights include the discovery of an extended cold dust emission component, present in all types of gas-rich galaxies and carrying the bulk of the dust luminosity; the definitive characterisation of the spectral energy distribution in the IR, revealing the channels through which stars power the IR light; the derivation of realistic geometries for stars and dust from ISO imaging; the discovery of cold dust associated with H I extending beyond the optical body of galaxies; the remarkable similarity of the near-IR (NIR)/mid-IR (MIR) SEDs for spiral galaxies, revealing the importance of the photo-dissociation regions in the energy budget for that wavelength range; the importance of the emission from the central regions in shaping up the intensity and the colour of the global MIR luminosity; the discovery of the “hot” NIR continuum emission component of interstellar dust; the predominance of the diffuse cold neutral medium as the origin for the main interstellar cooling line, [C II] 158 μm, in normal galaxies. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

基于CFD-DEM耦合数值模拟的全尺寸直升机沙盲形成机理

为了研究直升机发生沙盲时沙尘云在悬停流场中的状态和分布规律,采用基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和Menter 剪切应力输运（SST）k-ω湍流模型的数值模型,通过应用程序编程接口耦合基于Hertz-Mindlin （No Slip）碰撞接触模型的离散元模型,并基于"多球法"构建了更加真实的非球形沙尘颗粒,计算了沙尘颗粒在流场中的运动和分布状态。与可得到的试验结果进行对比,验证了数值方法的有效性,并进行了地效状态旋翼拉力系数、桨尖涡位置以及沙尘云形成的宏观轮廓图的计算。应用所建立的方法,对不同悬停高度的直升机地效流场进行了计算,给出了流场的涡量以及速度云图,着重对比了不同悬停高度下沙尘云中沙尘颗粒速度和分布情况,分析了地效流场对沙尘颗粒状态的影响及沙尘云的形成机理,并计算出了沙尘云宏观分布图。结果表明：流场中大部分沙尘颗粒只能在地表随流场扩散而并不能形成沙尘云;沙尘云中外层空间的沙尘浓度比内层高;位于桨盘平面下层区域的沙尘颗粒以径向运动为主,切向速度较小,而位于桨盘平面上层的沙尘颗粒速度方向各异,速度大小接近。     

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Calculation

I review standard big bang nucleosynthesis and some versions of nonstandard BBN. The abundances of the primordial isotopes D, He-3, and Li-7 produced in standard BBN can be calculated as a function of the baryon density with an accuracy of about 10%. For He-4 the accuracy is better than 1%. The calculated abundances agree fairly well with observations, but the baryon density of the universe cannot be determined with high precision. Possibilities for nonstandard BBN include inhomogeneous and antimatter BBN and nonzero neutrino chemical potentials.     

Spatial distribution and orbital properties of interplanetary dust at high latitudes

Although the interplanetary dust cloud is assumed to be mainly concentrated in the ecliptic plane, there is a component of dust particles on highly inclined orbits that forms the out-of-ecliptic distribution. The ULYSSES mission for the first time makes this component accessible to in-situ, detection. Evidence for this dust component is also provided from the analysis of the Zodiacal light brightness and especially from the spherical shape of the solar F — corona. An obvious source for an out-of-ecliptic dust population is the activity of comets on high eccentric, highly inclined orbits. We discuss the dynamical conditions of particles under the influence of the radiation pressure when released from the comet and discuss their input to the dust cloud based on brightness analysis and in-situ results.     

Electrical Activity and Dust Lifting on Earth, Mars, and Beyond

We review electrical activity in blowing sand and dusty phenomena on Earth, Mars, the Moon, and asteroids. On Earth and Mars, blowing sand and dusty phenomena such as dust devils and dust storms are important geological processes and the primary sources of atmospheric dust. Large electric fields have been measured in terrestrial dusty phenomena and are predicted to occur on Mars. We review the charging mechanisms that produce these electric fields and discuss the implications of electrical activity to dust lifting and atmospheric chemistry. In addition, we review theoretical ideas about electric discharges on Mars. Finally, we discuss the evidence that electrostatics is responsible for dust transport on the Moon and asteroids.     

水泥立窑除尘技术的现状与趋势

本文首先在论述大型水泥企业除尘技术经验的基础上，介绍了几种新型除尘技术和设备，最后介绍了国内外先进的电除尘技术。     

微尘沉积形貌对冲击气膜冷却结构换热特性影响的数值研究

带有微尘的空气进入航空发动机,极易在涡轮叶片内冷通道发生沉积。为探究微尘沉积形貌对涡轮叶片内冷通道换热特性的影响,选取冲击气膜冷却结构,基于微尘沉积实验结果,构造微尘沉积形貌,由锥状突起和环状突起组成,通过数值模拟获得不同射流雷诺数下冲击靶面努塞尔数Nu。研究结果表明,冲击靶面微尘沉积层的出现,将大幅降低浸润面积平均努塞尔数Nuwetted,而对映射面积平均努塞尔数Nuavg影响较小;冲击驻点周围的高换热区范围减少;相邻冲击孔中点附近的高换热区努塞尔数Nu增大;此外,射流雷诺数的增大整体上提高了冲击靶面的换热强度。由于锥状突起和环状突起的扰动作用, 壁面附近回流涡增多, 使得冲击靶面大部分区域温度边界层厚度增加,因此换热性能降低。