Static-and-dynamic analysis of thin-walled structural members of space radio telescopes

Structural members of space radio telescopes made as large thin shells of revolution are analyzed. A twisting shell structure prestressed by inertia or surface-distributed forces (when in the unperturbed state) is used as the basis for the analysis. Loads due to solar wind, tides, control moments and nonuniform solar heating of the structure are considered as perturbations.A procedure for defining internal forces and moments and a varied structural geometry due to interaction of unperturbed and perturbed forces is given. The results of determining the frequencies of natural oscillations of the structure are also presented. Calculations are made on the basis of the obtained linearized equations reduced to quasi-univariate ones. A matrix factorization procedure allowing for constructing a stable-state numerical algorithm for solving the problem is employed.     

凹圈型初始几何缺陷对外压球形封头临界载荷的影响

依据Koiter非线性弹性稳定性理论，分析了凹圈型初始几何缺陷对外压球形对头承载能力的影响。对于凹图型初始几何缺陷，用带高斯指数调制因子的高次Legendre多项式进行数学描述。由于在基本状态，球壳能量泛函的二次变分和三次变分的积分表达式极为复杂，在计算程序中需要使用高精度算法。计算结果表明．承受均匀外压载荷作用的球形封头对于与实际屈曲模态相同的凹圈型初始几何缺陷是极为敏感的。     

复合材料环形高压容器缠绕参数设计与分析

针对诸如环形气瓶等圆环状压力容器的缠绕，提出同时满足结构特性和缠绕工艺性的参数设计方法以符合实际工程需要。推导了圆环面纤维不架空和不滑移判据；根据内压作用下纤维螺旋加环向缠绕环壳的平衡方程，考虑截面厚度变化和缠绕初始条件，给出了均衡缠绕参数及线型的确定方法，讨论了在不同管径比和厚度比下该线型路径的稳定性；以螺旋向铺层的初始缠绕角和厚度为变量，对结构进行重量最小化设计。作为算例，对纤隹缠绕环形高压气瓶在爆破压强为40—80MPa的范围内进行优化设计。结果表明，优化设计的均衡缠绕线型模式睛确可靠，满足纤维缠绕的基本要求，能充分发挥缠绕结构的力学性能。本文的设计计算方法可直接用于复合材辞环形气瓶的初步设计。     

基于金属密封垫圈非线性变形仿真的预紧设计

为确保密封结构能有效阻止箱体内部介质的泄漏,要求密封面具备一定的密封比压,即通过施加合理的拧紧力矩来控制密封件的压缩量。目前主要采用试验方法验证一系列拧紧力矩下的密封效果,从而获取临界力矩值并确定可靠的拧紧力矩设计值。文章基于试验经验做出了合理的假设以建立简化的非线性有限元分析模型,对金属垫圈在压紧力下的塑性变形进行仿真,通过金属垫圈发生临界变形量的压紧力反推出拧紧力矩的临界值。该方法获取的临界力矩值与试验方法相近,可以有效地提高设计效率,降低试验成本。     

变形飞行器建模及控制方法研究综述

针对变形飞行器的发展现状、气动建模、动力学建模以及控制方法研究进行了综述。首先阐述了变形飞行器的定义及变形需求,再从四个方面梳理了变形飞行器的技术优势。针对不同的机翼变形方式,对飞行器各种变形技术的特点及发展现状进行了详细的分析与总结;将变形飞行器与固定外形飞行器的气动机理进行了对比分析,并对变形飞行器的动力学建模方法进行了梳理,总结了各种方法的特点;结合变形飞行器自身特性分析了飞行控制的特点及难点,并详细阐述了各类变形飞行器的控制研究进展。最后总结分析了变形飞行器的发展趋势：深化基础理论与技术研究,从材料、结构及控制等领域全方面朝着智能化方向发展,最终实现变形飞行器的工程化、自主化、智能化应用。     

帆板及其支撑系统简化模型的动力学特性的试验和分析

本文以空间站的太阳帆板及其支撑系统作为对象,作了简化模型的试验和理论分析,以研究该系统在空间站因姿态调整。轨道机动及其他原因干扰下的动力学特性。结果表明,由于这种系统属于大型柔性空间系统,存在着惯性非线性耦合,当存在内部谐振关系时,随着干扰力辐值的增加,系统的动力学特性也将产生急剧的变化。这种变化呈现出非线性特征,相互耦合的振型同时被激发。这种振辐的剧增将给柔性结构的形状保持和振动控制带来困难。     

Optimal satellite formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces

The inter-satellite electromagnetic forces generated by the magnetic dipoles on neighboring satellites provide an attractive control actuation alternative for satellite formation flight due to the prominent advantages of no propellant consumption or plume contamination. However, the internal force nature as well as the inherent high nonlinearity and coupling of electromagnetic forces bring unique dynamic characteristics and challenges. This paper investigates the nonlinear translational dynamics, trajectory planning and control of formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces. The nonlinear translational dynamic model is derived by utilizing analytical mechanics theory; and analysis on the dynamic characteristics is put forward. Optimal reconfiguration trajectories of electromagnetic force actuated formation are studied by applying optimal control theory and the Gauss pseudospectral method. Considering the high nonlinearity and uncertainty in the dynamic model, an inner-and-outer loop combined control strategy based on feedback linearization theory and adaptive terminal sliding mode control is proposed with finite-time convergence capability and good robust performance. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed translational model, reconfiguration trajectory optimization approach and control strategy.     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室结构径向振动与内弹道性能的耦合计算

研究了由推进剂药柱和壳体组成的燃烧室结构径向振动对发动机内弹道性能的影响。在一维非定常内弹道方程中,分别考虑了结构径向振动对内弹道方程和燃速的影响,研究了在给定燃烧截面内,由于燃烧室压强变化引起的结构径向振动。据弹性力学理论和振动机理,得到了简化的等效径向振动方程;对内弹道和结构径向振动进行了耦合计算,分析表明当内弹道出现周期性的压强振荡时,会引发与结构径向振动之间的耦合作用,使得燃烧室压强振荡振幅上升一个量级,对发动机的工作安全产生危害。     

变刚度连续型机械臂设计与控制

针对空间机械臂碰撞过程中产生的冲击和破坏问题,提出一种能被动适应碰撞且能保证操作精度的可变刚度丝驱动连续型机械臂。在以超弹镍钛合金丝为支撑脊椎和驱动部件的基础结构上,设计了一种利用温控记忆合金改变关节内摩擦力的变刚度方法。通过运动学分析得到机械臂驱动空间、构型空间和工作空间之间的坐标映射及速度雅克比矩阵,并结合末端位置反馈设计了一个稳定的闭环运动控制器。在检测丝驱动力的基础上提出了一种碰撞识别方法和相应的变刚度控制策略。运动控制和变刚度控制的实验结果表明该连续型机械臂具有良好的运动控制精度和刚度调节能力。     

用弹性环加强的孔口应力分析的链杆法

关于用弹性环加强的孔口应力分析问题,本文给出了一个新的分析方法——链杆法。即假定环和板之间在孔口用链杆来联系,然后用力法求出链杆的约束力,进而可确定板的应力和环的内力。将本文结果和萨文的结果作了比较,两者基本一致,说明了链杆法的有效性。它的优点是直观、方便,计算较简单,适用面较广。     

变构型跨介质飞行器发展及关键技术分析

变构型跨介质飞行器就是既能满足在水下航行又能满足在空中飞行要求的飞行器,在具备水下航行隐蔽特性的同时也满足在空中飞行的机动性和灵活性要求。变构型跨介质飞行器可以通过改变其翼型结构适用于空气中与水中航行。该飞行器结合了无人机和潜艇的优势,可以实现多次出入水跨介质作业,在军事领域应用于战场关键信息侦察、突防和精确打击,在民用领域应用于海上灾难救援、深海地质探测等。从军事和民用方面分析了变构型跨介质飞行器的优势及用途,总结了国内外变构型跨介质飞行器发展现状,针对性地梳理了关键技术和难点问题,在此基础上提出了技术发展建议,为后续跨介质飞行器研究工作提供支撑。     

Asymptotic theory for thrusting,spinning-up spacecraft maneuvers

We consider the problem of a spacecraft subjected to constant body-fixed forces and moments about all three axes during a spinning-up, thrusting maneuver. In applications, undesired forces and moments can arise due to thruster imbalances and misalignments and to center-of-mass offset. In previous works, approximate analytical solutions have been found for the attitude motion, and for the change in inertial velocity and inertial position. In this paper we find asymptotic and limiting-case expressions which we derive from the analytic solutions, in order to obtain simplified, practical formulas that lend insight into the motion. Specifically, we investigate how the motion evolves (1) as time grows without bound and (2) for geometric cases of the sphere, the thin rod, and the thin plate. Closed-forms or upper-bound limits are provided for angular velocities, Eulerian angles, angular momentum pointing error, transverse and axial velocities, and transverse and axial displacements. Summaries for the asymptotic limits (for zero initial conditions) are provided in tabular form. Results are verified by numerical simulations.     

激光辐照充压柱壳温度场和应力场数值模拟

考虑了材料参数随温度的变化,用有限元法计算了充压柱壳在不同预应力载荷、光强分别为均匀分布和高斯分布的激光辐照下的瞬态热力学耦合过程,计算出温度场和应力场。分析了热力学耦合规律,给出了破坏的危险部位。计算得到,应力峰值出现在激光加热的高温区和常温区的交界处;对于光强高斯分布,破坏首先发生在光斑中心附近;而对光强均匀分布,破坏首先会发生在边缘处。     

轻型球面反射镜面形检测支撑设计仿真分析

文章针对轻量化程度较高的SiC空间反射镜,探讨了其在重力环境下反射镜面形检测所需要的卸载支撑方法。为了使重力对反射镜面形精度的影响降低到可接受范围内,在光轴竖直时,将支撑结构对反射镜的作用简化为卸载力,优化力的数量、位置及大小,使反射镜面形精度达到近似零重力情形,并分析了反射镜水平倾斜0.5°、1°时,反射镜面形对位置误差的敏感程度;光轴水平时,在对反射镜设计支撑结构的同时,加入3点、6点辅助卸载力来降低残余重力影响,使反射镜面形接近无重力情形。通过Patran/Nastran软件建立反射镜模型并进行仿真计算,输出反射面各结点坐标值及变化量,用Matlab程序计算出反射镜面形精度,结果表明优化后的设计结果满足指标要求。     

A two-dimensional approach to multibody free dynamics in space environment

The equation of motion of a multibody system, described here as a chain of rigid bars and revolute joints orbiting around the Earth, is derived.

For each bar two translational and one rotational equilibrium equations are written. The forces acting on each body are the gravitational forces and the reaction forces (unknown) acting on it's end joints. The complete set of equilibrium equations consists of N_X differential equations, where N_X is the order of the state vector. The total number of unknowns is N_X+N_R where N_R=2N_J and N_J is the number of joints. The N_R additional equations, to make the system determinate, are provided by the nondifferential compatibility equations.

The resulting system is a set of differential algebraic equations (DAE) for which the well-known method of reducing the system to ordinary differential equations (ODE) is applied.

Since the internal forces are associated with the relative displacements between the bodies, which are small fractions of the distance of the multibody spacecraft from the center of the Earth, the task of obtaining these forces from inertial coordinates, from a numerical viewpoint, could be impossible. So the problem is reformulated in such a way that the equation of motion of the system, contains global quantities where no internal forces appear, and local equations where internal forces do appear. In the latter one, only quantities of the same order of the spacecraft dimensions are present. Numerical results complete the work.     

周边简支组合折板结构在复合荷载和热荷载作用下的非线性分析

本文借助阶跃函数，符号函数和斜坐标系，建立了组合折板的壳面方程，然后应用扁壳非线性理论和Ｎａｖｉｅｒ法，导出了组合折板非线性分析的计算公式。     

纤维缠绕厚壁柱形压力容器的应力和变形

研究了各向同性材料内胆对称缠绕纤维的厚壁圆柱形容器在内外压力作用下的变形和应力.采用正交各向异性本构关系和轴对称厚壁筒理论,利用解析方法获得了纤维层和内胆的变形和应力,以及纤维方向的应力;对壁厚较厚和不同缠绕角,更准确地揭示纤维向应力和内胆应力.比较了分别用玻璃纤维环氧和炭纤维环氧缠绕铝内胆和钢内胆的容器在内压作用下,不同缠绕角方案中内胆和纤维向应力分布.研究表明,壁厚对不同缠绕角容器的应力和变形影响不同,总体影响较小;从降低内胆的等效应力和充分发挥纤维纵向强度角度看,炭纤维缠绕铝筒最好;横向强度和剪切强度是缠绕复合材料容器的主要控制参数,缠绕工艺需要提高这些指标以充分发挥纤维纵向强度.     

Optimal target grasping of a flexible space manipulator for a class of objectives

Space graspers are complex systems, composed by robotic arms placed on an orbiting platform. In order to fulfil the manoeuvres’ requirements, it is necessary to properly model all the forces acting on the space robot. A fully nonlinear model is used to describe the dynamics, based on a multibody approach. The model includes the orbital motion, the gravity gradient, the aerodynamic effects, as well as the flexibility of the links. The present paper aims to design, thanks to nonlinear optimization algorithms, a class of manoeuvres that, given the same target to be grasped, are characterized by different mission objectives. The grasping mission can be performed with the objective to minimize the power consumption. Collision avoidance constraints can be also added when the target is equipped with solar panels or other appendices. In some cases, large elastic displacements should be expected, possibly leading to an inaccurate positioning of the end-effector. Therefore, different design strategies can require that the manoeuvre is accomplished with minimum vibrations’ amplitude at the end-effector. Performance of the different strategies is analyzed in terms of control effort, trajectory errors, and flexible response of the manipulator.     

弦支组合网架结构可靠度分析

根据张弦梁结构的思想提出由组合网架和索通过支杆相连而形成的预应力结构即弦支组合网架结构。建立一弦支组合网架结构的计算模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件分析结构基于位移性能下的正常使用极限可靠度。经软件分析得出在所给几何尺寸、材料特性、预应力、恒荷载以及活荷载等随机变量作用下,结构基于位移正常使用极限状态下的可靠度是良好的;对结构位移影响最大的变量是预应力,影响最小的变量是混凝土板肋的截面尺寸;可靠度为95%的结构最大位移值是60mm。     

弦支组合网架结构可靠度分析

根据张弦梁结构的思想提出由组合网架和索通过支杆相连而形成的预应力结构即弦支组合网架结构。建立一弦支组合网架结构的计算模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件分析结构基于位移性能下的正常使用极限可靠度。经软件分析得出在所给几何尺寸、材料特性、预应力、恒荷载以及活荷载等随机变量作用下,结构基于位移正常使用极限状态下的可靠度是良好的;对结构位移影响最大的变量是预应力,影响最小的变量是混凝土板肋的截面尺寸;可靠度为95%的结构最大位移值是60mm。