应用OptiStruct软件的太阳翼基板结构优化

应用Altair OptiStruct软件独有的复合材料优化技术,针对非连续铺层复合材料,对某卫星太阳翼基板结构进行了优化设计。整个基板结构优化设计过程包括两个阶段：概念设计阶段和系统设计阶段。首先,在概念设计阶段利用自由尺寸优化模块,对太阳翼基板结构进行了拓扑优化;然后,在系统设计阶段利用尺寸优化模块完成了铺层厚度的优化。在经验设计方案中,太阳翼基板面板质量为3.6kg,经优化设计后,基板面板质量为1.7kg,减少了53%。     

Modelling and simulation of the space mission MICROSCOPE

MICROSCOPE is a French space mission for testing the weak equivalence principle (WEP). The mission goal is the determination of the Eötvös parameter $\eta$ with an accuracy of 10^?15. The French space agency CNES is responsible for the satellite which is developed and produced within the Myriade series. The satellite's payload T-SAGE (Twin Space Accelerometer for Gravitation Experimentation) is developed and built by the French institute ONERA. It consists of two high-precision capacitive differential accelerometers. One accelerometer is used as reference sensor with two test masses of platinum, the science sensor contains a platinum and a titanium proof mass. The detection of the test mass movement and their control is done via a complex electrode system. As a member of the MICROSCOPE performance team, the German department ZARM will be involved in the data analysis of the MICROSCOPE mission. For this purpose, mission simulations and the preparation of the mission data evaluation in close cooperation with the French partners CNES, ONERA and OCA are realised. The development status of the simulation tool which will represent the complex spacecraft dynamics and all error sources in order to design and test data reduction procedures is presented and some features are discussed in detail.     

使用解析目标分流策略的海洋卫星多学科优化

在海洋卫星总体设计阶段,为了提高卫星整体设计性能和效率,采用多学科设计优化（MDO）技术对其总体参数进行设计优化。考虑轨道、有效载荷、结构和电源四个学科的设计变量和约束条件,以卫星总质量最小为优化目标建立海洋卫星MDO模型;针对各学科优化问题属性设计高效的优化方案并采用解析目标分流（ATC）这一多级MDO策略来协调整个优化过程。优化后海洋卫星总质量相对海洋一号（HY-1）卫星下降17.6%,整个优化过程花费的时间也比采用单级All at once(AAO)策略减少85.7%。一方面表明所建立的海洋卫星MDO模型的合理有效性,另一方面表明ATC策略结合学科定制优化方案的求解技术的有效性。     

低温技术在航天领域中的应用

文章从能量耗散、工作温度两个主要技术指标介绍了国外一些典型低温光子传感器;根据寿命、电能分配、质量和防振要求,提出在进行航天器低温系统设计时需要考虑的因素.文章还介绍了国外空间低温制冷机的发展状况、关键技术研究计划,以及进行空间探测的一些实验项目.     

Economics of telecommunications space segments

This paper proposes a complete model for assessing the economics of telecommunications satellite systems, accounting for spacecraft development and manufacturing, launch and operations in orbit. This allows to account for such parameters as the mass and lifetime of the satellites, the number and type of payloads, the number of satellites procured and launched, the spare policy, the launch vehicle, the insurances, the satellite average MTTF and the management of the space segment efforts.

The model is divided into four parts: the spacecraft mass model, the spacecraft procurement cost model, the MTTF model and the space segment cost-effectiveness model. It provides for the rapid solution of a number of problems within a wide range of parameters such as assessing the influence on space segment economics of —certain satellite technologies, —satellite and payload mass, —number of payloads per spacecraft, —satellite lifetime, or —spare policy.     

卫星结构的拓扑优化与灵敏度分析

在已知某卫星主承力结构的空间大小、约束及载荷条件的情况下，通过对一连续体进行拓扑优化得出主承力结构的最优结构形式。并在此基础上对卫星上十五个结构参数进行了灵敏度分析和尺寸优化，计算结果证明由连续体通过拓扑优化得到桁架结构的最优拓扑是可行的，若再结合灵敏度分析及尺寸优化，可以大幅度减轻卫星结构重量，改善卫星结构的动力特性。     

航天器最优再入轨迹的选择分析

本文研究的目的是想获得具有最大有效载荷的航天器最优再入轨迹。返回段航天器的最大有效载荷等价于航天器离轨点所耗燃料质量与热防护系统（ＴＰＳ）质量之和达极小。文中把最大有效载荷的再入轨迹分三种情况作了分析：航天器ＴＰＳ质量不确定时，通过返回轨迹优化来获得航天器的最大有效载荷，并选择确定相应ＴＰＳ的质量；ＴＰＳ质量已确定时，通过再入轨迹优化来获得航天器的最大有效载荷；ＴＰＳ质量足够大时，通过多次穿越大气层来获得航天器的最大有效载荷。本文的结论可为航天器再入轨迹与ＴＰＳ的一体化选择提供思路。     

降低热变形的卫星有效载荷安装结构优化设计

在整星有限元热变形分析基础上,以有效载荷安装结构热变形最小为目标,对安装结构依次进行拓扑优化及设计敏度分析和尺寸优化。结果表明：通过优化设计,在显著降低该结构热变形的同时大幅减小其质量;拓扑优化给出结构基本构型,尺寸优化进一步细化结构设计方案,二者结合能有效改进结构设计。     

有效载荷机柜结构优化设计

有效载荷机柜是载人航天器密封舱内安装有效载荷的重要结构,在设计上既要具备一定的刚度保证,以满足发射力学环境要求,又要通过减轻自身重量来提高有效载荷发射能力。文章根据载人航天器密封舱的基本结构设计要求,完成了有效载荷机柜结构的基线设计,进行了有效载荷机柜的有限元建模和模态分析,以减重为目标,刚度为约束条件,完成了有效载荷机柜结构优化设计,并基于敏感度分析得到了有效载荷机柜结构设计参数对其刚度的影响关系。文章的分析思路和研究结果对工程设计具有指导意义。     

SSETO—Small Satellite for Exoplanetary Transit Observation

SSETO is the result of a phase-A study in context of the small satellite program of the University of Stuttgart that demonstrates the capability of a university institute to build a small satellite with a budget of 5 million Euro. The satellite will be capable of observing exoplanets in a Neptune–Earth scale and obtaining data of interstellar dust. Due to a system failure of NASA?s Kepler mission, there is currently (October 2013) a lack of satellites searching for exoplanets. This paper details the design of subsystems and payload, as well as the required test tasks in accordance with the mission profile at a conceptional level. The costs for standard spacecraft testing and integration tasks are included, but not those of launch, ground support, operations and engineer working hours.     

星间光通信中振动抑制的研究

星间光通信是极具前景的空基通信方式。通信双方光束的捕获，对准和跟踪为星间光通信必须解决的关键技术之一。光通信终端作为卫星的有效载荷，受到卫星平台及空间环境的影响。本文首先概要地说明了星间光通信对准和跟踪系统的设计要求，分析了卫星平台振动，给出了典型的振动功率谱密度，可行的扰动抑制方法和APT系统的设计。最后设计了跟踪子系统，对其扰动抑制性能进行仿真。仿真结果表明本文设计的有效性。     

同步串行总线在通信卫星转发器中的应用

提出了一种适用于通信卫星转发器分系统测控数据传输的5线制同步串行总线,支持30个终端同时接入,改变了通信卫星平台传统的点对点式的遥测遥控信息传输方式,大大减少了通信舱内电缆数量;并在某通信卫星载荷舱上进行了应用,使卫星载荷舱质量减少几十千克,提升了卫星平台的有效载荷能力。文章设计的串行总线提供标准的接口电路,有利于有效载荷设备的扩容,可以推广至更多的有效载荷设备,构成其之间的测控信息网络。     

基于微振动隔离技术的平台载荷一体化设计

针对大口径高分辨率相机对卫星平台结构、安装包络、振动环境等方面的要求,提出了一种基于微振动隔离技术的平台载荷一体化设计与分析方法。通过在卫星平台与载荷安装基板之间的一体化结构中增加柔性连接单元,利用系统刚度和能量耦合的原理对一体化结构平台的系统性能进行设计和仿真分析,并在此基础上,开展了平台载荷一体化结构地面模拟试验研究。结果表明：文章提出的基于微振动隔离技术的平台载荷一体化设计在满足载荷安装要求的同时,还能够将卫星平台传递至载荷基板的振动响应衰减80%以上,从而有效地确保载荷的主要性能。     

Design-to-Cost Applied Within an Integrated System Model

In an environment of declining financial budgets for space projects, new approaches - such as Design-To-Cost - are being implemented to improve today's satellite design processes. Using an example of a current mission (the power subsystem of the Solar Probe spacecraft) under study at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the main part of the paper discusses an Integrated System Model (structured into a performance model, a cost model, and an effectiveness model) that is part of a model-based design process used to perform cost-effectiveness trades. A simulation tool is used during the first step to size the components of the power subsystem, and then simulate its performance during operation. The determined dimensions are transferred into an EXCEL^TM-spreadsheet and linked to the components' costs. With a cost accounting tool that combines cost estimating relationships with the Work Breakdown Structure of the power subsystem, the life-cycle cost of each alternative design concept is computed. To determine the cost-risk of the different design alternatives for each component, cost probability distributions are introduced. By performing Monte-Carlo simulations, cost sensitivities are revealed. In the next step of the trade study process, the effectiveness of the alternatives is analyzed. Having determined cost and effectiveness, estimates can be made for where the different alternatives lie in the design space. The last part of the paper identifies the main drivers for the spacecraft's performance and cost. Finally it is shown how the mission design benefited from the Integrated System Model and from the application of Design-To-Cost.     

储箱平铺多燃料卫星平台的主承力构架结构

为实现携较多燃料并能传递较大载荷的卫星平台,根据贮箱上下叠放、环向平铺和主承力结构与大容量贮箱一体化等典型贮箱布局介绍了一种储箱平铺的主承力构架结构。该结构可减小平台高度,降低卫星质心,且便于有效载荷扩展,并使工艺更简单。对两卫星平铺主承力结构的有限元数值模拟结果表明,其结构能满足卫星结构的力学性能要求,可作为未来相关卫星研制的参考构型。     

遥感卫星平台与载荷一体化构型

随着遥感卫星制造技术的不断提高,高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星的需求日益强烈。平台与载荷一体化设计是未来高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星发展的重要方向之一,平台与载荷一体化构型设计是平台与载荷一体化遥感卫星的关键。目前已有多颗平台与载荷一体化构型的遥感卫星在轨飞行,中国尚处于起步阶段。文章分析了平台与载荷一体化设计的遥感卫星构型;从提高图像定位精度、降低卫星质量、降低建造成本等方面,分析了平台与载荷一体化构型的优势;对载荷设计需具有整星级优化理念、载荷需提供多种接口、平台与载荷间具有强耦合关系等一体化构型的特点进行了总结;给出了一体化构型的建议,如整星形状设计、主承力结构设计、大型部件布局等。     

智能结构及其控制系统集成优化设计

将智能结构的振动控制性能指标和集成结构的质量为目标函数，结构尺寸参数和控制系统的控制参数同时作为独立的设计变量，并施加约束条件，从而将智能结构及其控制系统集成优化设计问题转化为多目标数学规化问题，数值结果表明，利用本文方法设计出的智能结构及其控制系统，能极大地抑制系统的振动。     

某型卫星有效载荷支架振动抑制

某型号卫星的有效载荷支架结构在验收级振动试验时振动超标。在对结构不做大的修改的前提下，采用约束阻尼层用对原结构进行处理。对不同的约束阻尼层方案采用有限元方法进行计算，综合考虑各种影响因素，如阻尼比和附加质量等，得到合理的约束阻尼减振方案，并在结构星上进行试验，确定最终实施方案。实施方案后，正样星在0．1g振动条件下，最大振动幅值下降了22．3％，保证了卫星的顺利发射。该卫星已经成功发射，并且在轨运行正常。该问题的成功解决和解决问题的方法与过程为今后解决类似问题提供了经验。     

空间相机低频隔振系统及试验验证

随着遥感卫星分辨率的提高。星上微振动对空间相机的影响越来越显著。在相机与卫星平台之间安装隔振装置,将飞轮、扫描机构等扰振源产生的振动与相机隔离开来是一种改善其工作环境的有效方法。文章介绍了针对中巴地球资源卫星研制的相机被动隔振系统,以及在地面结构星上进行的联合隔振性能测试。测试结果表明。传递至相机的两个主要扰振频率分量...     

LARES successfully launched in orbit: Satellite and mission description

On February 13th 2012, the LARES satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) was launched into orbit with the qualification flight of the new VEGA launcher of the European Space Agency (ESA). The payload was released very accurately in the nominal orbit. The name LARES means LAser RElativity Satellite and summarises the objective of the mission and some characteristics of the satellite. It is, in fact, a mission designed to test Einstein's General Relativity Theory (specifically ‘frame-dragging' and Lense-Thirring effect). The satellite is passive and covered with optical retroreflectors that send back laser pulses to the emitting ground station. This allows accurate positioning of the satellite, which is important for measuring the very small deviations from Galilei–Newton's laws. In 2008, ASI selected the prime industrial contractor for the LARES system with a heavy involvement of the universities in all phases of the programme, from the design to the construction and testing of the satellite and separation system. The data exploitation phase started immediately after the launch under a new contract between ASI and those universities. Tracking of the satellite is provided by the International Laser Ranging Service. Due to its particular design, LARES is the orbiting object with the highest known mean density in the solar system. In this paper, it is shown that this peculiarity makes it the best proof particle ever manufactured. Design aspects, mission objectives and preliminary data analysis will be also presented.