Near-Field Analysis of Helicopter Rotating Blades Modulation Interference

A near-field analysis is carried out to obtain the level of modulation interference due to rotating blades in a helicopter-borne pulse Doppler radar system. The interference power spectra are calculated for different values of antenna depression angle and helicopter (radar) speed at a constant helicopter altitude of 300 m. Numerical results for the case of 1 kW radiated power show that blade interference level is about 5 to 8 dBW/Hz less than that of the direct ground clutter in the clutter region. It extends, however, into the clutter-free region which may cause false alarms and degradation of the radar performance.     

Rotating Blades Radio Interference in a Helicopter-Borne CW Doppler Radar

Radio interference generated in a helicopter-borne continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar system due to the rotating blades is analyzed. This problem has been previously treated for the case of pulse Doppler radar systems with very narrow (near zero) beamwidth. In this case the strong interference component returning directly from the blades (with no ground reflection) need not be considered as it reaches the receiver when it is still blinded. In the case of a CW Doppler radar, however, this interference component must be included. Numerical calculations show that the total blade interference power level, dominated by the direct component, is higher than that of the direct ground clutter in the radar clutter region. It decreases approximately as (f - fo)-4 in the radar clear region. It stays, however, well above the thermal noise level which might cause false alarm and degrade the radar performance.     

基于BWI辐射效率的低气动噪声共轴对转螺旋桨的设计研究

将共轴对转螺旋桨气动噪声快速预测理论与气动载荷快速预测方法相结合,对共轴对转螺旋桨远场气动噪声进行预测。分析了BWI辐射效率对共轴对转螺旋桨BWI干扰噪声的主控影响。对从低至高的(单排6-12)前后等桨叶数对转桨进行了研究。结果表明虽然低桨叶数与高桨叶数对转桨的气动噪声特性不同,但是总体上前后指向性的高声压区仍然是由BWI噪声控制。同时等桨叶数的设计只是使高声压区更集中,却无法对其进行降低。随后,对比了不同桨叶数共轴对转螺旋桨远场气动噪声的表现,认为不等桨叶数对转桨气动噪声普遍优于等桨叶数情况。得出了总桨叶数相同情况下对转桨前后桨叶数的搭配方案。对近场噪声高精预测方法将在未来的研究中对辐射效率的具体机理进行研究。     

无人直升机旋翼桨叶设计及动力学特性分析

复合材料在桨叶上广泛应用的同时使桨叶的受力、刚度特性比传统的桨叶更为复杂。为了降低桨叶工作时动应力和旋翼的振动水平,有必要对旋翼桨叶进行动力学特性分析。对旋翼总体参数及桨叶气动参数进行设计,采用CFD 方法对旋翼悬停状态进行气动特性分析,将桨叶三维非线性弹性模型分解为二维线性剖面模型和一维非线性梁模型进行动力学特性分析。结果表明：该旋翼能够成功拉起230 kg 级无人直升机,悬停效率大于0.65,工作转速下桨叶的固有频率与8 阶以下的气动激振力频率保持一定的范围,避开了转速共振区,满足桨叶动力学设计要求。     

Pulse Doppler signature of a rotary-wing aircraft

Field measurements of a modified Sikorsky S-55 helicopter target were carried out to investigate rotary-wing aircraft Doppler radar signature phenomenology. The results of the data analysis with regard to classification and identification of the aircraft based on its signature are presented. It was found that using the Doppler radar return and appropriate feature extraction techniques, the helicopter's design features can be estimated. Target backscatter from the main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, or hub can be used for target detection, acquisition, and classification as a rotary-wing aircraft. The extraction of configuration and blade count features can further define the helicopter for identification     

叶片正弯曲对压气机叶栅叶片表面流动的影响

为了研究叶片正弯曲对压气机叶栅气动性能的影响,对具有可控扩散叶型(CDA)的直叶片和正弯曲25°叶片平面叶栅进行了实验研究和数值模拟,获得了两种叶栅叶片表面流场显示结果以及不同冲角下叶片表面静压系数的分布。结果表明,叶片正弯曲对其吸力面流动影响较大,吸力面近出口处两端的径向二次流区相比于直叶栅而言明显增加。正弯曲叶片吸力面形成"C"型压力分布,叶片负荷沿叶高和弦长重新分布,这种负荷的重组是弯曲改变叶栅流场的主要因素。     

Performance analysis of radar antenna systems

If modern airborne radar systems are to function properly, the radar antenna radiation patterns must meet certain specifications. Until recently, most radar antennas were designed and tested in a clean antenna environment, i.e., there is no near field scattering from host structures or radome effects. However, these higher order effects are the matter of increasing concern with added performance demands in the ever-increasing jammer and clutter interference environments. We investigated the capabilities and limitations of currently available analysis techniques and computer codes for installed performance of airborne radar antenna systems. Then we developed an extended ray-optical technique that could predict total installed performance of airborne radar antenna systems, i.e., the near field scattering from aircraft structures and radome effects. The new analysis technique utilized a ray-tracing method in both airframe and radome simulation. Thus, it can efficiently predict the total installed performance of large radar antenna systems on an aircraft structure     

某燃气涡轮工作叶片裂纹分析

为阐明测试单元环境下加速任务试车(AMT)过程中叶片早期起裂的物理原因,对裂纹叶片断口进行了检查和分析,并采用LPTi's XactLIFETM系统对叶片进行了深入的分析.结果表明:叶片叶型发生了过量的蠕变损伤,此过量的蠕变损伤导致了叶片的过量延伸以及叶型特别是在尾缘区域的转扭,此行为可能造成AMT疲劳循环条件下缘板以下的叶片伸根部位疲劳裂纹的形核与生长.因此,过量的蠕变被认为是整个裂纹形核过程的主要驱动力.      

透平叶片疲劳强度可靠性设计的研究

本文提出了透平叶片疲劳强度的可靠性设计方法。该方法把透平叶片的静应力、动应力和叶片疲劳强度处理为随机变量,使用疲劳应力分布和疲劳强度分布的干涉模型,在设计阶段确定透平叶片的可靠度。文中给出了透平叶片可靠性设计的实例。      

基于遗传算法的2 维叶型优化设计

为得到具有宽广低损失工作范围的静子叶片,采用基于遗传算法的优化平台对3个不同载荷水平的静子叶栅叶型的型面、安装角及弦长进行优化设计。通过比较3个叶栅优化前后的正常特性线,认为尾缘"负载荷区域"对改善叶栅性能是有益的,且其对叶栅性能的改善效果与叶片载荷有关。结果表明:优化后叶栅性能在设计点和非设计点都有明显改善;叶片表面等熵马赫数分布类似控制扩散叶型,最大载荷点位置前移,叶型前段弯度增加,尾缘出现"负载荷区域"。     

透平叶顶泄漏能量损失的数值计算

商用N S求解器已经被用于透平动叶顶部空隙的非定常流场的模拟和研究。本文介绍了一种新的用于透平动叶片顶部空隙区域流场计算的能量损失方法 ,可以方便地用于各种流场。发现高黏度效应区域位于上端壁附近而不是在叶片顶部。研究表明对于不同的动叶片其顶部泄流的能量时均损失是不一样的。该结果提供了一个有用的线索 ,可以通过叶片设计者设计出不同几何和空气动力学参数的非统一的动叶片 ,从而减小能量损失     

小流量下周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏流动的PIV研究

对带有周向前弯和周向后弯叶片的低压轴流风机,采用PIV技术测量小流量工况下叶顶区域瞬态速度场。基于小流量压力峰值工况下的瞬态测量结果,详细阐述了周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏涡的演化过程。结果表明：小流量压力峰值工况下,周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏涡存在瞬态特性,泄漏涡起源向前缘方向迁移,涡核在向下游发展的过程中不断破碎,沿端壁向通道中部迁移,并发生径向迁移;周向后弯叶片的泄漏涡较周向前弯叶片迁移明显,涡核破碎过程剧烈;周向前弯叶片有利于叶顶泄漏涡的控制。     

弯曲静子叶片对叶尖射流扩稳效果的影响

为了研究压气机弯曲静子叶片对叶尖射流扩稳效果的影响,在一台低速轴流压气机上,采用实验方法,对比分析了第1级静子叶片分别为弯曲叶片和直叶片时叶尖射流的扩稳效果以及压气机内部流场信息.结果表明:第1级静子叶片由直叶片改为弯曲叶片后,在压气机失速过程中,模态波主要集中在叶尖区域,而叶尖射流恰好是通过改善叶尖区域的流场来拓宽压气机的稳定工作范围的,所以第1级弯曲静子叶片使得叶尖射流的扩稳效果更加显著.      

A new CFAR sidelobe canceler algorithm for radar

Signal or target detection is sometimes complicated by the presence of strong interference. When this interference occurs mainly in the sidelobes of the antenna pattern, a solution to this problem is realized through a sidelobe canceler (SLC) implementation. Since the false-alarm probability is a system parameter of special importance in radar, an interference-canceling technique for radar application should maintain the false-alarm probability constant over a wide range of incident interference power. With the requirements of sidelobe interference cancellation and constant false alarm rate (CFAR), a new algorithm for radar detection in the presence of sidelobe interference is developed from the generalized likelihood ratio test of Neyman-Pearson. In this development, the received interference is modeled as a nonstationary but slowly varying Gaussian random process. Cancellation of the sidelobe interference is based upon a `synchronous' estimate of the spatial covariance of the interference for the range gate being tested. This algorithm provides a fixed false-alarm rate and a fixed threshold which depend only upon the parameters of the algorithm     

某发动机涡轮故障叶片共振相干分析与可靠性评估

分析了某发动机二级涡轮叶片的振动特性、振型应力,共振特性;并结合内外场大量的频率统计数据进行了共振相干分析,分析了叶片故障原因,并提出采用限频、调频等排故措施。      

On the Design of a Large Aperture Radar for Target Imaging

This paper describes the design, construction, and performance of an experimental radar, in which an electronically scanned X-band array is employed as the receiving antenna. Backscatter from targets uniformly illuminated from a separate transmitting antenna is intercepted by 128 horn antennas, unequally spaced over a nine-foot circular aperture. The received signals are processed electronically to provide a complete scan of a 30X30 degree field every ten milliseconds. Resulting target images were displayed on a cathode ray tube and recorded on 16-mm motion picture film, for varying conditions of target motion using monochromatic and frequency-modulated X-band illumination. Sequences of motion picture frames obtained from a rotating copper cone are presented, which demonstrate significant changes in the image and side-lobe interference patterns for small changes in target aspect angle. Side-lobe interference effects were reduced by integrating many antenna scans as the target rotated; a clear image of a foil letter R is presented that demonstrated this result. The main objective of this work was to test this radar technique as an approach to target recognition.     

周向弯曲叶片内部三维流动扩稳机理的实验研究

对带有周向前弯和周向后弯叶片的低压轴流风机,采用双丝热线技术实验研究了周向弯曲叶片出口三维流动随流量降低变化规律。基于测量结果,详细阐述了周向弯曲叶片流道内三维流动结构的演化发展过程,分析非设计工况下叶片弯掠对流动的影响规律,结合径向平衡方程讨论了周向弯曲叶片对变工况边界层迁移的控制。结果表明：小流量工况下,周向弯曲叶片显著改变了流道内流动结构,且明显改善上下端壁区域的流通性,对于扩大稳定工作范围有着积极的作用;由于旋转离心力的增大,Fr对于径向压力梯度影响也发生变化,从而改变边界层的迁移方向和速度。     

微小整体叶轮五轴联动微细铣削加工试验研究

微小整体叶轮作为微型发动机的重要组成部分,其加工质量直接影响微型发动机的使用性能。针对微小整体式复杂叶轮流道狭窄、叶片扭曲大和长厚比大等特点,开展了微小复杂扭曲整体式叶轮五轴联动微细铣削加工方法研究。针对微小叶轮加工过程极易发生变形、过切和碰撞干涉等问题,对微小叶轮的加工过程进行工艺规划,建立了微小叶轮流道加工刀具选择的约束方程,计算出叶轮加工刀具的最大理论直径。通过CAM软件对叶轮进行切削仿真,验证了刀具选择和工艺规划的正确性。通过五轴联动微细铣削试验,得到了具有6个直径10mm的叶片、叶片最小厚度0.15mm、叶片最小相邻间距0.58mm的7075铝合金微小整体叶轮。     

旋转态离心叶轮的动力分析

本文着重讨论旋转态离心叶轮的动力分析。对叶轮的重复扇形区作多部件的分划,研究其结构的模化并应用Benfield模态代入法和群论变换,分析叶轮非旋转与旋转态的固有特性。在旋转态分析中,将子结构联立迭代法扩展用于多子结构分划的结构中。考虑其几何非线性,求出在离心力场中结构的动平衡位置和应力。      

环形弯扭静叶栅流场的计算与实验研究

本文应用S2流面正问题计算方法和三维Euler方程的时间推进计算方法对某涡轮弯扭静叶栅流场分别进行了分析计算, 并在环形涡轮叶栅实验台上测试了该叶栅出口截面上气动参数的分布。通过分析、比较计算结果和实验数据, 既考核了算法, 也研究了弯扭静叶栅中的流动机理, 由此得出了对弯扭叶片的气动设计计算具有重要意义的几点结论。