条带式太阳帆航天器的热致结构动力学响应

本文研究条带式太阳帆在近地轨道运行进出地球阴影时的热致结构动力学响应，建立了在太阳热辐射和光压共同作用下的太阳帆结构动力学方程，采用分布传递函数法，给出了条带式太阳帆热致结构稳态振动幅频响应的计算方法。算例结果表明：热辐射冲击是引起近地轨道太阳帆结构动力学响应的主要原因，光压引起的结构响应可忽略不计；增加桅杆壁厚不能有效抑制太阳帆的热致结构动态响应；增大阻尼，减小结构的热膨胀系数能够明显减小太阳帆热致结构响应的振幅；热致结构动态响应是设计大尺寸近地轨道太阳帆必须解决的问题。本文提出的方法可为太阳帆结构设计、姿态和轨道控制提供有力的分析工具。     

基于脉冲子结构的探测器结构动力学优化设计

针对传统结构优化设计中，精细化模型求解复杂结构动响应过于耗时的问题，引入保精度、高效的脉冲子结构方法，提出一种考虑结构动力学响应的优化设计流程，并对月球探测器太阳翼结构进行优化分析，获得了太阳翼结构设计参数，有效地提高了太阳翼动力学特性指标，改善了月球探测器关键位置处的动力学环境。结果表明，脉冲子结构方法可以有效应用于航天器结构动力学优化设计，提高优化设计效率，所得优化结果对实际结构设计具有一定指导意义。     

基于模态缩聚的限位状态驱动机构非线性动力学分析

含限位的驱动机构具有刚度非线性特征，在正弦振动力学试验中，不同试验量级加速度激励下其主频位置、响应放大倍数等动力学特性均会发生变化，需要开展动力学响应分析提前预示非线性影响，指导产品抗力学环境设计。基于模态缩聚理论，发展了一套针对限位非线性问题的正弦振动响应快速分析方法，可适用于各类复杂驱动机构类产品，避免了大规模有限元模型的非线性计算。算例分析表明:该方法可有效预示不同振动输入量级下限位非线性对产品响应特性的影响，反映出典型的非线性频响突变现象，且计算效率高，可为产品力学特性仿真和力学试验的开展提供有力支持。     

风洞模型支撑机构有限元模型修正与确认

风洞模型支撑机构有限元建模对预测风洞试验中的结构动力学响应至关重要。然而采用模态试验修正有限元模型需要多轮迭代优化,随着修正参数的增多,数值优化耗时将呈指数化增长。为解决上述问题,联合ABAQUS、MATLAB搭建iSIGHT结构有限元模型修正平台,基于此平台开展某模型支撑机构有限元动力学模型修正,根据试验设计变量对响应的贡献量,筛选灵敏度较高的修正变量;构建前4阶频率差和振型相关性为多目标函数,使用近似建模得到修正变量和目标函数的响应面模型,采用多目标优化方法NSGA-II开展模型修正;修正后的模型前4阶频率差均在10%以内,振型相关性均大于0.8。对修正模型开展动力学响应确认,使用结构模态动力学响应与锤击试验响应作对比,结果显示,修正模型满足工程需求,可用作下一步复杂载荷作用下的结构动力学响应预测。     

非线性约束的大型旋转火箭瞬态响应模拟

以大长径比、旋转无控火箭为研究对象，探讨弹-架非线性约束系统的发射动力学响应。将火箭模拟为支承、变刚度柔性转子，发射装置则简化具有弹性约束的Euler-Bernoulli，二者通过非线性弹性元件相耦联。数值模拟发射过程中的火箭瞬态响应，分析了系统特性对火箭姿态的影响。     

航天器火工冲击环境分析预示方法研究综述

航天器火工冲击力学环境问题是一个宽频、瞬态和强非线性的冲击动力学问题。火工冲击响应的预示涵盖结构动力学、冲击动力学、爆炸力学、高应变率材料力学行为等多学科理论。目前,工程上尚无统一、有效的预示方法。在航天工程中,航天器及其组件冲击环境条件设计以及系统级和单机缓冲设计,都迫切需要能够准确预示航天器的火工冲击响应。文章对国内外航天器火工冲击响应机理进行综合理论分析,并在系统调研分析预示方法的基础上提出了航天器火工冲击响应预示研究的重点和难点。     

固体药柱裂纹的动态应力强度因子有限元数值分析

简要介绍了断裂动力学方法及动态应力强度因子的概念。根据断裂动力学方法，分析了推进剂星型药柱平面应变裂纹在阶跃载荷作用下裂纹动态应力强度因子（DSIF）响应情况，并与静力计算结果比较，数值结果表明动态应力强度峰值比静力值要大得多。     

卫星在轨微振动隔离系统动力学分析

针对采用主动隔振系统时,有效载荷和卫星平台因质量接近而产生的运动耦合问题,文章使用牛顿-欧拉(Newton-Euler)方法对设计的Stewart隔振系统进行动力学建模,给出了有效载荷和卫星平台质量接近时运动耦合模型,以及卫星平台质量无穷大时的运动无耦合模型下的系统动力学方程,对比分析了两种模型下系统动力学响应。结果表明:Stewart隔振系统在两种模型下系统动力学特性差异较大,有效载荷和卫星平台质量接近时,运动耦合模型的有效载荷角振动响应峰值大、平动响应峰值小、系统模态频率较高。因此,有效载荷和卫星平台质量接近时应采用运动耦合模型进行动力学建模。研究结果可为卫星有效载荷微振动隔离提供理论参考。     

考虑星-箭动力耦合作用结构瞬态响应分析

利用直接激励法，对火箭发射过程中考虑星箭动力耦合作用的卫星结构瞬态响应问题进行了求解。给出了最大动压、一二级分离前和分离后三种工况下卫星结构的加速度响应历程。该方法克服了大质量法和惯性载荷法瞬态响应计算中的载荷处理困难和数据回归困难。文中给出了大质量法、直接激励法和惯性载荷法的动力学方程，指出各种方法的应用条件。计算结果表明，直接激励法简捷实用，优于惯性载荷法和大质量法。     

基于模态试验和冲击响应试验的模型动力学参数修正

为通过数值仿真计算方法准确预测冲击响应,基于模态试验和冲击响应试验,对响应板的碰撞冲击过程进行动力学参数修正。模态试验过程,通过响应面优化的方法对响应板的弹性模量、泊松比、厚度参数进行优化,优化后的固有频率计算值相对误差在±2%以内。冲击响应试验过程,冲头冲击高度6.3 cm条件下,对试验和数值仿真的响应谱曲线进行误差评价;基于响应谱各分析频率点均方根误差最小的优化目标,通过曲面拟合得到最优的质量阻尼系数和刚度阻尼系数。动力学参数修正后的模型在3个不同冲击高度条件下的冲击响应谱预测中,大部分频率段的误差在±6 dB以内,显著提高了预示精度。     

Modal control of the planar motion of a long flexible beam in orbit

Attitude control techniques for the pointing and stabilization of very large, inherently flexible spacecraft systems are investigated. The attitude dynamics and control of a long, homogeneous flexible beam whose center of mass is assumed to follow a circular orbit is analyzed. In this study, first order effects of gravity-gradient are included, whereas external perturbations and related orbital station keeping maneuvers are neglected. A mathematical model which describes the system deflections within the orbital plane has been developed by treating the beam as having a maximum of three discretized mass particles connected by massless, elastic structural elements. The uncontrolled dynamics of this system are simulated and, in addition, the effects of the control devices are considered. The concept of distributed modal control, which provides a means for controlling a system mode independently of all other modes, is examined. The effect of varying the number of modes in the model as well as the number and location of the control devices are also considered.     

A new approach to the analysis and design of magnetic stabilization of satellites

The stabilization of a magnetically oriented satellite is treated from a new standpoint. Under the assumption of a uniform magnetic field, the system stability is discussed. By imposing a performance criterion, a damping control law is derived. Stabilization characteristics are analyzed using a more realistic geomagnetic field model. The practical approximate methods of the damping control are sought, and their characteristics are analyzed. Finally the flight results of the recent satellites using an approximate method are presented.     

Dynamics of a gyrostat satellite with the vector of gyrostatic moment in the principal plane of inertia

Dynamics of a gyrostat satellite moving along a circular orbit in a central Newtonian field of force is investigated. In a particular case, when the gyrostatic moment vector lies in one of the satellite’s principal central planes of inertia, all positions of equilibrium are determined, and the conditions of their existence are analyzed. Also determined are bifurcation values of dimensionless parameters, at which the number of equilibrium positions changes. As a result of analysis of the generalized energy integral, for each equilibrium orientation the sufficient conditions of stability are derived. Evolution of the regions where the sufficient conditions of stability are valid is investigated under variation of the system’s dimensionless parameters.     

在中面载荷作用下正交各向异性矩形板后屈曲行为分析

本文利用摄动法和广义傅氏级数法分析了在中面载荷作用下正交各向异性矩形板后屈曲行为,对几种典型的纤维增强环氧复合材料矩形板后屈曲行为给出了结果,可供工程设计应用参考。     

Survey of modeling,planning, and ground verification of space robotic systems

Space robotic systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in future space activities. Nevertheless, dynamics modeling and motion planning of a space robot are much more complex than those of a fixed-base robot, due to the dynamic coupling between the manipulator and its base. On the other hand, in order to assure the success of on-orbital missions, many experiments are required to verify the key algorithms on the ground before the space robot is launched. In this paper, the main research achievements on dynamics modeling, path planning, and ground verification are reviewed, and future studies are recommended. Firstly, we summarize the essential modeling concepts, and deduce the kinematics and dynamics equations of a space robot. Secondly, the main motion planning approaches are discussed. Then, different ground verification systems, including the air-bearing table, neutral buoyancy, airplane flying, free-falling motion, suspension system, and hybrid system, are introduced. Finally, the future research trends are forecasted.     

Dynamics of the orbital cable system

The Orbital Cable System (OCS) consists of a vehicle with an engine, a long connecting cable (string) and a satellite probe for low altitude geophysical explorations. The vehicle orbits the Earth at an altitude of 200–250 km and tows a probe at an altitude of 100–150 km. The air drag is compensated by the vehicle engine thrust. In the OCS dynamics study the cable weight, elasticity and air drag are taken into account. The OCS stationary motions are found, and stability of these motions is investigated. The OCS periodical motions that are close to the stationary motions are found. Simple ways of the OCS deployment in orbit are described.     

宽边重合并行波导及E-T接头的缝隙耦合特性

文中介绍宽边重合并行波导的横向缝隙耦合,以及E-T接头的缝隙耦合特性。考虑到波导壁厚度的存在,导出求解缝隙口面场及其散射场和等效参数的表达式。结果适用于主、副波导尺寸相同和不等,壁厚和缝隙尺寸为任意的情况。给出了数值计算和实验结果。     

Use of pallet-type structures in Shuttle-attached and free-flying modes

Modular pallet-type structures, designed for optimal usage of the Space Shuttle as a launch vehicle, can be used in three mission modes—Shuttle-attached, attached to an orbiting Power Module, or as fully autonomous free flyers. The requirements for such structures are defined and three structural solutions—the Spacelab pallet, a cubic framework structure and a honeycomb panel structure—are described. System and subsystem concepts of varying complexity and autonomy are indicated and their applications to several typical payload examples are shown.     

椭球形贮箱内液体晃动特性试验研究

本文研究用于运载火箭的椭球形贮箱内液体晃动动力特性。利用常重力条件下缩比相似模型试验得到液体晃动的等效力学模型。应用参数识别技术确定第一阶等效模型的参数,并与近似计算方法得到的结果进行了比较。叙述了晃动试验中观测到的非线性效应。