关于潜入式SRM冷流模拟试验中相似与模拟问题的探讨

评述了目前ＳＲＭ冷流模拟试验技术的发展，并从相似与模化的基本理论出发，探讨了ＳＲＭ喷管潜入段稳态不可压有加质的湍流流场相似准则，并根据该实验的具体特点，提出了以ＣＴ作为选定量来求解其它相似常数的设想。分析表明，用以高压气源作为冷流模拟气源一般只能近似模拟ＳＲＭ喷管潜入段内流场的流动工况，近似模化必须尽量满足Ｒｅ准则。     

模型自由飞试验中的螺旋桨动力模拟方法研究

开展螺旋桨飞机模型自由飞失速试验需要准确地模拟螺旋桨动力状态。通过对模型自由飞失速试验 动力相似准则和螺旋桨动力模拟相似准则的分析,推导出螺旋桨飞机模型自由飞失速试验中所需要遵循的相 似准则关系;以此开展某四发螺旋桨飞机模型自由飞试验,通过控制螺旋桨转速、设计桨叶角,满足拉力系数和 前进比相等,模拟全尺寸飞机螺旋桨动力特性,获得的失速特性与飞机风洞实验结果一致。结果表明:该方法 能够准确模拟飞机失速过程的螺旋桨动力状态,可为飞机失速试飞提供重要的数据支撑,并为国内后续螺旋桨 类飞机模型自由飞试验失速试飞研究提供理论和试验方法。     

气动物理地面模拟试验相似律

依据流动子过程特征量分析方法，导出了高超声速化学反应流动的相似律。将得到的相似律应用于气动物理地面模拟试验，给出了确定地面模拟试验条件的相似准则，分析了地面模拟试验中需要进一步解决的其它基础理论问题。     

航空兵装备映射模拟蓝军相似度匹配问题研究

文章主要针对航空兵训练中模拟映射蓝军装备时所面临的问题,提出蓝军模拟方法、建立相似度评价体系及模型以及提出用一致性排序方法解决求相似度的权重问题,从而可以求得更为精确的系统相似度,可解决航空兵装备蓝军模拟过程中"像不像"的问题,为航空兵装备是否能够模拟映射蓝军找到了依据。     

旋转帽罩结冰相似准则的研究

为了研究航空发动机旋转帽罩结冰相似理论,在静止部件结冰相似准则的基础上,忽略次要因素的影响,建立了一种适用于旋转帽罩的结冰试验相似准则。利用建立的旋转结冰相似准则,通过数值模拟方法,对旋转帽罩缩比前后的水滴收集特性和结冰冰形进行了误差分析,并对此准则的可靠性进行评估。计算结果表明:用建立的相似准则所确定的参数对于全尺寸旋转帽罩转速分别为1kr/min和5kr/min时进行数值模拟。在全尺寸旋转帽罩及其1/2缩比模型上的对应区域得到的水滴收集特性和结冰冰形,误差约为2.7%和5.3%,表明选取缩比参数的方法是可靠的,并且提出的相似准则是有效的,对结冰风洞试验的理论研究和参数选取有一定的参考价值。     

带动力模型自由飞试验研究（螺旋桨飞机）

主要阐述带动力模型自由飞的技术难题，诸如相似准则、螺旋桨的动力模拟及滑流模拟、陀螺力矩的模拟、燃油变化对尾旋试验的影响以及模型的起飞与回收等问题。最后，以ＣＪ—６及Ｎ—５飞机带动力模型自由飞的失速／尾旋试验为例，说明解决问题的有效性。试飞证明，试验结果与真实飞机的结果相关性好。     

平流层飞艇螺旋桨地面风洞试验

按照等雷诺数Re和等前进比λ相似准则,从平流层飞艇螺旋桨的运动和动力相似角度出发,建立了螺旋桨拉力系数、功率系数和效率等参数的相似公式,并在地面常规密度风洞中进行了螺旋桨的缩比模型试验.通过对有关试验结果与平流层原型桨的数值模拟和片条理论计算结果的对比分析可看出,三者基本吻合,从而说明地面风洞试验的环境密度大小基本不影响螺旋桨相似性参数,由此得到平流层飞艇螺旋桨可在地面常规密度风洞中按照等Re和等前进比相似准则进行缩比模型试验,而不必为此建立特制的昂贵的低密度环境风洞.同时,实验结果表明,在螺旋桨前进比小于0.3时的情况下,因滑流区侧向收缩大,片条理论计算的无量纲气动性能曲线需要进行侧收缩修正.      

高价值弹药引信模拟检测技术研究

基于相似理论研究了引信62mm模拟弹丸检测技术,建立了全弹道相似准则并设计了存储测试系统,对条件参数进行了分析并通过实弹射击进行了验证,结果证明模拟检测技术为高价值弹药的引信检测提供了一种有效检测途径.     

高超声速飞行体亚密湍流尾迹RCS特性的相似规律研究

再入或临近空间高超声速飞行器在大气层中飞行时,会形成等离子体绕流和尾迹,将严重影响飞行器的电磁散射特性,从而使得临近空间高超声速飞行器表现出与大气层内常规飞行器和大气层外轨道飞行器在电磁散射特性上的明显不同,对飞行器的探测、跟踪带来新的挑战。弹道靶是高超声速飞行器尾迹电磁散射特性研究的重要设备,为了由弹道靶试验结果外推出真实飞行条件下亚密湍流尾迹的RCS,本文从高超声速流场模拟的双缩尺率和亚密湍流尾迹RCS模拟的Born近似出发,推导出真实飞行条件下和地面弹道靶试验之间亚密湍流尾迹RCS模拟的一种相似规律,推导结果显示当D1/D2=η,V∞1=V∞2,ρ∞1/ρ∞2=1/η,ω1/ω2=λ2/λ1=1/η时,雷达散射截面服从σ1/σ2=η4的相似规律。推导出的相似规律可以为超高速飞行器亚密湍流尾迹RCS研究提供技术支持。     

考虑陀螺效应的转子动力学相似准则

针对考虑陀螺力矩的转子系统缩尺相似模型与原型是否满足动力学相似的问题,采用量纲分析法推导了考虑陀螺力矩的转子-简单支撑系统相似准则,得到了模型与原型各物理量相似比.通过求解不同相似比下Jeffcott转子系统临界转速的解析解,和利用有限元软件ANSYS对某转子系统临界转速和振型相似性进行了数值模拟,验证了所推导的考虑陀螺力矩转子系统相似准则的正确性.研究表明:考虑陀螺力矩、简单支撑和Rayleigh比例阻尼的转子系统,在相似转速下缩尺模型与原型的固有频率具有相似性,并且临界转速相似.      

Navier–Stokes analysis methods for turbulent jet flows with application to aircraft exhaust nozzles

This article presents the current status of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods as applied to the simulation of turbulent jet flowfields issuing from aircraft engine exhaust nozzles. For many years, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods have been used routinely to calculate such flows, including very complex nozzle configurations. RANS methods replace all turbulent fluid dynamic effects with a turbulence model. Such turbulence models have limitations for jets with significant three-dimensionality, compressibility, and high temperature streams. In contrast to the RANS approach, direct numerical simulation (DNS) methods calculate the entire turbulent energy spectrum by resolving all turbulent motion down to the Kolmogorov scale. Although this avoids the limitations associated with turbulence modeling, DNS methods will remain computationally impractical in the foreseeable future for all but the simplest configurations. Large-Eddy simulation (LES) methods, which directly calculate the large-scale turbulent structures and reserve modeling only for the smallest scales, have been pursued in recent years and may offer the best prospects for improving the fidelity of turbulent jet flow simulations. A related approach is the group of hybrid RANS/LES methods, where RANS is used to model the small-scale turbulence in wall boundary layers and LES is utilized in regions dominated by the large-scale jet mixing. The advantages, limitations, and applicability of each approach are discussed and recommendations for further research are presented.     

壁面湍流模型对湍流分离流动数值模拟的影响

本文用三种近壁湍流模型计算了二个二维的湍流分离流动：单包流动和多包流动。结果表明：二层模型和低Reynolds数模型具有类似的特性。它们基本上给出合理的分离流动结构。壁函数的方法由于对数律的假定基本上不适合于计算湍流的分离流动。     

On the computation of instabilities and symmetry-breaking in fluid mechanics

A review on the implementation of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for simulating low- and high-speed flows featuring turbulent mixing, instabilities and symmetry-breaking is presented. Results are reviewed for several complex flows including turbulent mixing associated with Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, incompressible flows in suddenly expanded geometries, shock-induced instabilities, free-shear instabilities and complex vortex dynamics. Many of the results presented in this review have been obtained by large eddy simulation (LES), monotone integrated LES (MILES) in particular. The computational challenges associated with complex flow physics and nonlinear behaviour of the numerics are discussed.     

Recent developments in scaling of wall-bounded flows

Proper scaling of a fluid flow permits convenient, dimensionless representation of experimental data, prediction of one flow based on a similar one, and extrapolation of low-Reynolds-number, laboratory-scale experiments to field conditions. This is a particularly powerful technique for turbulent flows where analytical solutions derived from first principles are not possible. We review in the present paper the topical development in scaling the canonical turbulent boundary layer and pipe and channel flows. Additional to utilizing some of the most comprehensive and high-quality databases available to date, the article focuses on contemporary advances in analytical and asymptotic approaches to determine the mean-velocity profile as well as to scale higher-order statistics. The current debate concerning the mean-velocity profile of turbulent wall-bounded flows has ruled out neither a logarithmic nor power law behavior. Furthermore, a Reynolds number dependence of the mean-velocity profile has not been excluded either. Clearly, a more complex functional form is needed to describe the profile. The present results can be utilized to extrapolate the available low-Reynolds-number physical and numerical data to the more practically important high-Reynolds-number field conditions. Knowledge of the proper scaling of the canonical cases can also be useful to non-canonical wall-bounded flows as well as to calibrate turbulence models and flow sensors in the vicinity of walls.     

On management and control of turbulent shear flows

Concepts of turbulent flow control have become of growing importance during the last few years, following increased interest in the detailed structural scenario of turbulence—in particular our improved understanding of coherent structures on the one hand (the prerequisite), and a need for improvement of technological processes on the other (the goal). These considerations have mainly been followed by engineers and physicists concerned with problems in aerodynamics. It is our aim to draw the attention of a wider group of engineers to turbulent flow control in order to speed up the transfer of knowledge from aerodynamics to applications in other fields of engineering.

In this paper an attempt is made to compile a major body of the available knowledge on flow control in separated and wall bounded turbulent flows. After a brief introduction of the basics of control theory (Section 2) and of the major flow structures and their stability characteristics (Section 3) free and wall bounded turbulent shear flows are discussed (Sections 4 and 5). This discussion summarizes the main relationships between structure and flow behaviour and shows possibilities of influencing properties of these flows such as increasing mixing or avoiding separation.     

气固紊流剪切流中颗粒弥散的拉格朗日模拟

本文提出了一种对于气固两相紊流剪切流中圆形固体颗粒弥散的拉格朗日拟计算方法，其中考虑了颗粒间的磁撞对流体相和颗料相的影响，应用该方法对一气固紊流剪切流场进行了模拟计算，并对有、无颗粒间磁撞情况下的模拟计算结果与Lavieville用大涡模拟方法的研究结果进行了比较，并进行了讨论。     

A review of the hot-wire technique in 2-D compressible flows

In this paper the use of hot-wire anemometers for obtaining turbulence data in two-dimensional compressible flows has been reviewed. Based on the existing experimental results, the methods of extracting different turbulent quantities from the output signal of the hot-wire anemometer in a given flow environment have been described and evaluated. Comparison between the results obtained with the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) and the hot-wire anemometer clearly shows that the latter should still be considered as one of the main tools for turbulence research in compressible non-separated turbulent flows not only for its comparable accuracy but also for its much lower cost and ease of operation as compared with the optical methods.     

Numerical Simulation of High-Speed Flows Using the Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model

A turbulence model for high-speed compressible flows is developed. It is based on modeling the rapid and slow parts of pressure-strain correlation depending on gradient Mach number and on the assumption that the velocity fluctuations normal to streamlines play a key role in turbulent mixing process. It is shown that an increase in the flow velocity leads to a slowing of turbulent mixing and an increase in the anisotropy of the flow. Comparison of the calculation results with the available experimental data showed good agreement.     

高超声复杂流动中湍流模式应用的评估

本文选择几个高超声速基准流动：二维可压缩拐角、锥柱裙组合体绕流、斜激波与湍流边界层干扰，采用几个常见的湍流模式，BL模式，CHκ-ε模式，κ-ε模式，SST模式，CMOTTκ-ε模式，SHIHκ-ε模式，通过将数值计算结果和实验结果进行比较，对有关的湍流模式地 评估，得到一些有意义的结论。     

Turbulence modeling with application to turbomachinery

The prediction of turbulent flows is a nontrivial problem in internal and external aerodynamics and in many other branches of engineering. The problem appears in perhaps its greatest generality in gas turbines, where predictions of turbine blade temperature are crucial to engine efficiency or life, and predictions of the composition of combustion products is essential in meeting environmental regulations. Therefore it is logical, and hopefully useful, to make turbomachinery problems the theme of a discussion of the current state of turbulence modeling. The present article contains enough background on the physics of turbulence to illuminate the problems of modeling, but it is not a review of turbulence research in general. Topics of current concern which are dealt with in detail include the validity of the ‘law of the wall’, the universal near-wall scaling which is the foundation of prediction methods for attached flows and the effect of compressibility on turbulence.