中国气象卫星技术成就与展望(上)

中国是继美国和前苏联之后世界上第三个自行研制、发射太阳同步轨道(极地轨道)和地球同步轨道(静止轨道)气象卫星的国家.第一代极轨气象卫星风云一号(FY-1)于1988年和1990年分别发射了A、B两颗试验卫星.经重大改进后,1999年和2002年分别发射了C、D两颗业务应用卫星,在轨运行寿命均已超过5年.新一代极轨气象卫星风云三号(FY-3)也已发射.星上装载8种探测仪器,其探测谱段覆盖了从微波到紫外光.     

我国“风云”气象卫星及其应用的回顾与展望

气象卫星和卫星气象是气象现代化的重要标志。自1988年至今,我国已先后成功发射了4颗风云-1极轨气象卫星和4颗风云-2静止气象卫星,顺利完成了极轨和静止两个系列气象卫星从试验到业务卫星的跨越。由“风云”气象卫星获取的地球大气和地表信息已广泛应用于天气预报、气候预测、环境和自然灾害监测与分析等多个领域。文章介绍了我国“风云”系列气象卫星的发展历程、地面应用系统组成、“风云”卫星产品及应用,最后展望了“风云”系列气象卫星的发展。     

中国气象卫星技术成就与展望（下）

b)静止轨道自旋卫星的星地成像技术 FY-2卫星在静止轨道以100r/min的速度旋转,扫描辐射计光学镜筒随卫星旋转,卫星自转1周为600ms,自西向东扫过地球1次,时间约33ms.形成一条视场角为20°的扫描线,获取地球和部分太空信息.     

中国返回式卫星发展与成就

文章概述了返回式卫星技术在世界各国发展的情况;介绍了中国返回式卫星发展历程及其取得的成就;总结了取得的科学技术成果及其在中国空间技术方面的贡献;最后面对中国航天事业的发展提出中国返回式卫星发展远景设想.     

中国成功发射风云二号D气象卫星

北京时间12月8日8时53分,中国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号甲运载火箭将风云二号D气象卫星成功送入预定轨道。这颗卫星和在轨运行的风云二号C气象卫星可根据需要,实现双星对地同步立体观测。星箭发射升空24分钟后,西安卫星测控中心和在太平洋执行任务的远望号航天测量船报告称     

我国成功发射首颗业务型地球静止轨道气象卫星

北京时间10月19日9时20分．我国自主研制的第一颗业务型地球静止轨道气象卫星——风云2号C星，在西昌卫星发射中心由长征3号甲运载火箭发射升空。     

FY-2C星云图成像技术

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)气象卫星星上成像系统的主要功能和技术指标、云图的生成与传输,以及数传与转发技术.阐述了以太阳为基准采用星上预同步、地面同步/数据缓冲器(S/DB)进行精同步的同步成像技术的卫星成像系统设计原理.分析了卫星姿态动力学对自旋轴定向稳定的影响、扫描辐射计扫描机构步进对自旋周期稳定度的影响、卫星摇摆运动造成的云图几何畸变等产生成像误差的因素,以及采取的补偿修正方案.飞行试验结果表明,C星的云图网格配准精度优于1个可见像素,章动角和摇摆角也符合设计要求.     

风云一号气象卫星星载天线隔离技术

为消除风云一号(FY-1)气象卫星星栽天线间的耦合，对天线间距离和极化形式对天线隔离度的影响进行了分析和试验，认为前者是影响星栽天线间隔离度的主要因素。据此，采取了利用卫星整流罩空间，选择天线极化方向、设置隔离器和滤波器抑制电磁干扰等综合措施来提高FY-1卫星天线间的隔离度。最终测试表明，所设计的天线系统布局合理，整星状态下天线电性能满足任务书要求。     

FY-4 Meteorological Satellite

FY-4 is the second generation of Chinese geostationary satellite for quantitative remote sensing meteorological application. The detection efficiency, spectral bands, spatial and time resolution have been greatly improved with respect to those of first generation, as well as the radiometric calibration and sensitivity. The combination of multichannel detection and vertical sounding was first realized on FY-4, because both the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager(AGRI) and Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS) are on the same spacecraft. The main performance of the payloads including AGRI, GIIRS and Lightning Mapping Imager, and the spacecraft bus are presented, the performance being equivalent to the level of the third generation meteorological satellites in Europe and USA. The acquiring methods of remote sensing data including multichannel and high precision quantitative observing, imaging collection of the ground and cloud, vertical observation of atmospheric temperature and moisture, lightning imaging observation and space environment detection are shown. Several innovative technologies including high accuracy rotation angle detection and scanning control, high precision calibration, micro vibration suppression, unified reference of platform and payload and on-orbit measurement, real-time image navigation and registration on-orbit were applied in FY-4.     

Instantaneous Real-Time Detection Technology of GLI on FY-4 Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

Lightning is a typical example of an instantaneous random point source target. It has close connection with severe convective phenomena such as a thunderstorm, whose distribution, variation, position and forecasting can be acquired through lightning observation. In this paper, we discuss the way to achieve instantaneous lightning signal intensification and detection from geostationary orbit by using the differences between the lightning signal and the slowly changing background noise such as that of cloud, land and ocean, combining three methods, spectral filtering, spatial filtering and background noise, enabling removal between frames. After six months of operation in orbit, lightning within the coverage of the Geostationary Lightning Imager was effectively detected, strongly supporting the case for shorttime and real-time early warning, forecasting and tracking of severe convective phenomena in China.     

FY-2卫星综合测试系统自动测试技术

介绍了FY-2气象卫星综合测试系统的组成和性能,给出系统软硬件的配置和设计原则.分析了系统自动测试设计中应用的智能专家测试库、监控终端的智能显示和智能化测试控制模式等技术.该系统具有自动执行测试程序、捕获瞬态故障和报警等功能,其自动化和智能化测试程度较高,不仅提高了测试效率,而且所需操作人员较少.     

FY-2C星应答机子系统技术改进

阐述了风云二号(FY-2)C星测控分系统应答机子系统的功能,以及载频中心频率、工作体制、接收机输入信号电平、馈线损耗、发射性能和功耗等主要技术指标.给出了子系统的组成和工作原理.介绍了C星应答机的倍频链电路、调制器、选用固态功率放大器(SSPA),以及功率合成器放电余量增大等设计改进.试验验证及在轨运行状况表明,C星应答机工作正常,所作技术改进正确有效.     

China's Meteorological Satellite Application System

China's meteorological satellite program consists of five systems,namely the satellite system,the launch vehicle system,the launch center system,TT&C and the ground application system.The satellite system consists of FengYun(FY)polar orbiting series and FY geostationary series,which are launched by LM launch