TC4合金的电子束冷床熔炼研究

由于电子束冷床熔炼的高真空引起TC4合金中的Al元素挥发损失,不利于控制铸锭Al含量。本文研究了TC4合金在500 kW电子束冷床炉上的熔炼工艺。结果表明,熔炼过程中,Al的挥发损失最为严重,为12%-22%。铸锭的宏观组织均匀,结晶晶粒为从外向内向上的柱状晶,铸锭心部是等轴晶。所生产的TC4铸锭经锻造加工,棒材力学性能符合国家标准。生产TC4铸锭的合适工艺为：原料中的Al质量分数应控制在7.0%-7.5%,熔炼功率为250 kW,熔化速度为100 kg/h。     

高能球磨与无压烧结制备高铌TiAl合金

以大粒度Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2B-0.2W-0.1Y预合金粉末为原料,研究了高能球磨与无压烧结制备高铌TiAl合金工艺.结果表明高能球磨可显著改善合金粉末的压制性能,并对粉末的烧结致密化有促进作用;高能球磨60min的预合金粉末经过1500℃,2h无压烧结后,可获得高致密度、具有细小全层片组织的高铌TiAl合金,其抗压强度为3150MPa,相对压缩率为25.2%,显示出较好的室温压缩性能.     

5B70合金大尺寸锻环成形工艺及组织性能

针对大尺寸5B70锻环性能提高需求，通过对5B70均匀化铸锭进行不同温度和应变速率下的热压缩模拟，获得应力应变数据并拟合了该合金的热加工图，以指导大尺寸锻环成形。从热加工图中得到该合金合适的热变形温度为400~450 ℃，变形速率为0.1/s左右最为合适。根据该加工图，采用相同条件的环锻工艺，制备了5B70铝镁钪合金试验件和尺寸为Ф2 900 mm×Ф2 600 mm×700 mm成品环件，并讨论了热变形工艺对成形件组织和性能的影响。结果表明，铝镁钪合金在该热变形条件下进行塑性变形，没有出现加工失稳等变形缺陷，可获得力学性能和塑性综合表现良好的铝镁钪合金成形件。     

TZM合金组织及性能研究

采用非自耗电弧熔炼和电子束熔炼的方法制备了TZM合金锭,研究了Zr元素含量变化对合金组织和力学性能的影响,探索了合金的高温抗氧化性能.研究发现,TZM合金显微组织由Mo固溶体基体和第二相颗粒组成,由于固溶强化和弥散强化,合金在1250℃的压缩强度大于400MPa,是纯Mo的近4倍,而且当Zr含量为0.08%(质量分数)时,压缩强度最高.采用包埋渗法在TZM合金表面涂覆Al-Si涂层能明显改善合金的抗氧化性能.     

C含量对第二代单晶高温合金组织的影响

在高温度梯度真空定向凝固炉中,制备不同C含量的单晶高温合金,研究不同C含量对第二代单晶高温合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:C含量对合金枝晶间距的影响较小;随着C含量增加,共晶含量和尺寸减小,碳化物含量增加,其形貌由块状向骨架状、汉字状转变;随着C含量增加,Ta元素枝晶偏析减轻,Re,W,Mo,Nb元素枝晶偏析加重;C含量对铸态和热处理γ'相尺寸和形貌影响较小;热处理后碳化物的形貌无明显变化。     

纳米化对电子束物理气相沉积制备Ni-20Cr-0．6Al合金氧化产物的影响

利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法制备了厚度为0.5mm的N i-20Cr-0.6A l(wt%)合金薄板。合金的晶粒尺寸小于100nm。研究了N i-20Cr-0.6A l合金在1000℃空气中氧化100h后的氧化产物。结果表明,100h后在合金表面只生成了连续致密的-αA l2O3氧化膜。Cr含量为20%时,纳米化使生成连续A l2O3膜所需的最小铝含量大幅度下降。     

亚微米晶NiAl-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其烧结-锻造短流程成形

以Ni粉和Al粉为原料,通过机械合金化和真空热压烧结制备了高致密的NiAl-5％Al2O3(体积分数,下同)复合材料,并利用烧结-锻造技术制成了该材料的前缘模拟件.机械球磨后,粉末颗粒充分细化,Ni和Al发生原位反应,并最终生成NiAl-5％Al2O3复合材料粉末.经1300℃真空热压烧结,获得致密的NiAl-Al2O...     

压制工艺和粒径对粉末冶金Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe合金组织性能的影响

采用粉末冶金技术以氢化钛（TiH₂）粉和不同粒径的元素粉体为原料制备Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe（Ti-185）合金,研究了压制工艺对不同粒径元素粉制备的Ti-185合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明：当压制压力在800 MPa、保压时间80 s、压制速率为1 mm/s时,Ti-185生坯密度最高,为最佳压制工艺。由粒径较小元素粉制备得到的Ti-185合金晶粒越细小,合金的烧结致密度就越高。粉末粒径越小,烧结过程中合金元素实现合金化需要扩散的距离就越短,越有利于合金力学性能的提高,其中具有最小粒径的样品表现出最高的硬度（43 HRC）和强度（1 438 MPa）。     

烧结助剂含量对多孔氮化硅结构及性能的影响

以氮化硅为原料,以叔丁醇为溶剂,采用凝胶注模成型工艺和无压烧结工艺(17500C、保温1.5h、流动氮气气氛),制备出具有高强度和高气孔率的多孔氮化硅.在浆料中初始固相含量固定为15%体积分数的基础上,研究了烧结助剂含量对多孔氮化硅的气孔率、孔径尺寸分布、物相组成及显微结构的影响,分析了弯曲强度与结构之间的关系.结果表明,通过改变烧结助剂含量,所制备的多孔氮化硅的气孔率为52%-65%;气孔尺寸呈单峰分布,均匀性好,平均孔径为0.82-1.05μm;弯曲强度为64.4-193.5 MPa,且随烧结助剂含量增加呈先增大后减少,在烧结助剂含量为7.5%质量分数时达到最大值(193.5±10.1)MPa.     

2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦增材制造成形与性能研究

搅拌摩擦增材制造作为一种新型固相增材制造技术,能够有效避免高强铝锂合金元素烧损的同时获得高性能增材构件。本文提出自限位搅拌摩擦增材制造方法,以铝锂合金带材为原料制备多层增材结构件。结果表明,搅拌摩擦增材区内材料流动充分,层间冶金结合良好。增材层晶粒尺寸和沉淀相分布主要受热–机械效应影响,搅拌道次越少的区域,热机效应小,沉淀相越多,硬度越高。单层增材厚度1 mm,增材速率达200 mm/min,增材区硬度最高为126.8HV,达到2195–T8铝锂合金的79.3%。同时,由于部分Cu元素固溶于增材区,搅拌摩擦固相增材区的耐腐蚀性能优于母材。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。