热等静压工艺制备的Ti-6Al-4V薄壁筒的切削加工

为了能够提高钛合金薄壁筒的加工效率,利用热等静压工艺制备了两个具有不同结构的Ti-6Al-4V薄壁筒,研究了夹具、填充泥浆和筒结构对Ti-6Al-4V薄壁筒的外圆表面粗糙度和精度的影响。结果显示,Ti-6Al-4V热等静压薄壁筒经过切削加工能够达到精度要求,填充泥浆降低了弹性回弹,提高了薄壁筒外圆精度;筒结构的内圆环和粗大端能够提高刚度,有效降低了外圆表面粗糙度值;夹具尺寸误差对圆度和同轴度影响较大,较大的尺寸误差显著降低了筒的外圆精度。     

电子束熔化成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金研究进展和应用现状

电子束熔化成形技术(EBM)具有成形速度快、能量利用率高和真空环境无污染等优点,适合于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的制备,在航空航天、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用。然而,EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金构件仍然存在的内部孔隙、粗糙的表面和残余拉应力等缺陷,严重影响了成形件的疲劳性能。通过工艺参数的优化及后处理工艺,如热等静压和表面处理等,可以显著改善EBM成形件的疲劳性能。综述了EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的成形工艺、微观组织、力学性能和典型的应用现状。重点讨论了影响疲劳性能的因素,并总结了一些提高疲劳性能的后处理方法。最后对EBM技术未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

工艺参数对SiC单晶片切割表面质量的影响

SiC单晶片表面质量对其后续半导体器件的制造有很大影响,但其材料的高硬度和高脆性,使切片过程变得非常困难。本文在往复式电镀金刚石线切割装置上采用单因素和正交法进行了SiC单晶切割实验,研究了工件转速、线锯速率、工件进给速率、线锯磨损对晶片表面粗糙度的影响规律以及三维形貌特点。结果表明:附加工件旋转运动,晶片表面质量提高,划痕减少、深度变浅;线速增大、工件旋转速率增大或工件进给速率减小,表面粗糙度值减小;线锯磨损晶片表面粗糙度值增大。相对线速和线锯磨损,工件转速和工件进给速率对晶片表面质量及粗糙度的影响更大。应在综合考虑效率和线锯损耗的基础上合理确定切割参数,尤其是工件进给速率。     

钛合金径向超声振动铣削表面粗糙度研究

为提高钛合金零件加工质量,设计了径向超声振动辅助铣削试验装置,研究了切削速度、切削深度、进给速度和超声振动幅值对钛合金零件表面粗糙度的影响规律.试验结果表明,与普通铣削相比,径向超声振动铣削后工件上的刀痕更加平整、分布更加均匀,材料去除更彻底,有效减少了由于钛合金切屑粘刀造成的表面划痕和积屑瘤等现象.在不同的切削参数下,径向超声振动铣削均可以改善钛合金零件的表面粗糙度,这一点在低速切削时更为明显,而超声振动幅值过大或过小都会影响加工质量.对加工系统的切削力进行了分析,发现超声振动辅助铣削时系统的切削力明显减小,有助于提高加工系统的稳定性,从而能够获得较好的表面质量.     

超声冲击强化工艺对钛合金表面质量及磨损性能影响研究

钛合金较差的耐磨性严重限制了其在航空航天领域的应用。为了研究Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金在超声冲击强化后耐磨性提高的机理,通过Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金超声冲击强化试验,探究超声冲击处理的工艺参数（刀具直径、气浮台压力、冲击道次、刀头形状、进给步距）对钛合金表面质量及性能的影响规律及敏感性,发现当采用球头刀具、气浮台压力为0.45MPa、进给步距为0.3mm时,超声冲击强化对钛合金耐磨性的提高最明显。通过对摩擦学试验中摩擦系数、球磨斑直径、盘磨损率、表面形貌图等试验结果的研究分析发现,经过超声冲击强化处理后钛合金材料的耐磨性能提高是压应力抑制裂纹机制、表面硬化强化机制和沟壑储油机制共同作用的结果,验证了超声冲击处理对钛合金耐磨性的实际强化效果。     

粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V 的组织及形成机理

利用热等静压(HIP)技术及旋转电极粉,采用预合金粉工艺制备了全致密的粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V合金,用光学显微镜对其金相组织进行了观察,分析其形成机理,并对粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温拉伸性能、弹性模量、冲击性能及断裂韧性进行了研究.结果表明:粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V金相组织主要由条片α相+相间β相组成,有细小的等轴α相分布在晶粒界面处,包裹着条片α相,这种独特的组织状态是由制备工艺决定的,具有良好的综合性能.     

高性能钛合金粉末冶金技术研究

采用热等静压预合金粉工艺对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金粉末冶金技术进行了研究，同时就原料粉状态对粉末钛合金性能的影响进行了初步研究，并进行了近净形成型工艺试验。结果表明，采用预合金粉工艺制备的Ti-6Al-4V粉末钛合金材料性能良好，且可实现近净形成型；这说明预合金粉工艺在制备高性能、低成本钛合金部件方面有良好的应用前景。     

单晶硅超精密切削工艺参数优化与实验研究

为提高单点金刚石车削单晶硅的表面质量,以表面粗糙度为优化目标,设计正交切削实验,过方差分析、响应曲面分析和极差分析研究主轴转速、进给速度和切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：主轴转速对表面粗糙度影响显著,其贡献率最大,主轴转速越大,表面粗糙度值越小;建立表面粗糙度回归模型,主轴转速和进给速度的交互作用对表面粗糙度的影响最大;获得最优切削参数组合,即主轴转速3 300 r/min,进给速度2 mm/min,切削深度5 µm。在此切削条件下,获得了表面粗糙度Ra 2.7 nm的高质量单晶硅元件,在扫描电镜下观察其表面相对光滑,切屑呈带状,材料在延性域内去除。     

高韧性芳纶纤维铣削表面质量和铣削力

文摘芳纶纤维复合材料(AFRP)在铣削过程中会产生毛边、起毛、撕裂等缺陷,严重影响材料的装配使用。为解决上述问题对刀具结构、主轴转速、进给速度进行正交实验,从铣削力、铣削表面粗糙度以及铣削表面缺陷等方面研究铣削参数和刀具结构对芳纶纤维复合材料铣削表面质量的影响规律。实验结果表明:主轴转速和进给速度对铣削表面粗糙度和铣削力有显著影响,使用鱼鳞铣刀铣削的表面粗糙度比普通四刃立铣刀的表面粗糙度降低28%,并且毛边宽度较小,铣削表面质量最好,更适合于AFRP的铣削加工。     

湿喷丸处理Ti-6Al-4V合金微动磨损行为影响

采用湿喷丸技术对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行表面强化处理,研究了部分滑移、混合滑移和完全滑移等不同状态下钛合金样品的微动磨损行为,从微动状态角度探讨喷丸强化对钛合金微动磨损行为的影响规律。试验结果显示,喷丸处理对于完全滑移状态下Ti-6Al-4V合金的微动磨损行为影响较小;而在混合滑移状态时,喷丸处理使得微动磨痕的塑性变形积累区消失,有效抑制局部疲劳损伤造成的微裂纹萌生。这是因为喷丸引入加工硬化作用使材料表层局部强度提高,进而改善局部疲劳损伤。     

Grinding behavior and surface appearance of（TiC_p＋ TiB_w）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites

（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforcements, high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. Grinding experiments with vitrified CBN wheels were conducted to analyze comparatively the grinding performance of PTMCs and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Grinding force and force ratios, specific grinding energy, grinding temperature, surface roughness, ground surface appearance were discussed. The results show that the normal grinding force and the force ratios of PTMCs are much larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Low depth of cut and high workpiece speed are generally beneficial to achieve the precision ground surface for PTMCs. The hard reinforcements of PTMCs are mainly removed in the ductile mode during grinding. However, the removal phenomenon of the reinforcements due to brittle fracture still exists, which contributes to the lower specific grinding energy and grinding temperature of PTMCs than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.     

Experimental study of effect of post processing on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth performance of selective laser melting Ti-6Al-4V

For Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy increasingly used in aerospace structure, selective laser melting (SLM) is an attractive additive manufacturing technology, which is attributed to its complex construction capability with high accuracy and good surface quality. In order to obtain qualified mechanical properties, SLM parameters and post processing should be tailored for diverse service conditions. Fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior are critical characteristics for damage tolerance evaluation of such metallic structures, and they are affected by post processing technologies significantly. The objective of this study is to obtain the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by SLM, and to evaluate the influence of post-SLM thermomechanical treatment and surface machining. Fracture toughness and FCG tests were performed for SLM Ti-6Al-4V in three types of post processing status: as-built, heat treated and hot isostatically pressed (HIPed), respectively. Specimens with as-built and machined surface were tested. The microstructure and fractography were analyzed as well in order to investigate the relevance among manufacture process, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V presents poor ductility and FCG behavior due to martensitic microstructure and residual stresses. Both heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing improve the plane-stress fracture toughness and FCG performance considerably, while surface machining shows slight effect.     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.     

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度与表面缺陷研究

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度对其使用性能具有重要影响,通过试验研究端面铣削参数、干铣削和刀具磨损对表面粗糙度及表面缺陷的影响。研究表明:表面粗糙度对每齿进给量变化最为敏感,其次是铣削宽度,再次为铣削深度,铣削速度最小;刀具磨损量(VB)对粗糙度产生明显影响,尤其VB大于0.2mm时,表面粗糙度将急剧增加,并导致划痕、孔洞缺陷;不同铣削条件下均存刀痕、侧流、隆起等缺陷;干铣削时加工表面出现熔敷物或熔滴,并增大毛刺;毛刺随切削速度的增大而变小,随刀具磨损量VB的增加而变大。钛合金TB6适宜在冷却润滑条件下低速铣削加工。     

Effect of cooling strategies on performance and mechanism of helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks

Hole-making for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics(CFRP)/Ti-6Al-4V stacks is crucial for the assembling strength of aircraft structure parts. This work carried out experimental work for helical milling(HM) of the stacks with sustainable cooling/lubrication(dry, MQL and cryogenic)conditions. Cutting forces and temperatures at the CFRP layer, Ti-6Al-4V layer and the interface of stacks were obtained by a developed measuring system. The temperatures in CFRP machining at cryogenic condition varied fro...     

粉末冶金Ti-Al 系金属间化合物的研究

由于可以制备出组织细小、均匀的Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料,粉末冶金技术在Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料的应用研究方面具有很强的优势.本文以Ti-23Al- 17Nb( at％)和Ti-45 Al-2Cr-2Nb-(B,W)(at％)为例,介绍了粉末冶金技术在Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料制备及成形方面的制备工艺、性能和部分样件,展示了Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料在航天及武器型号方面良好的应用前景.     

Influence of longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic-assisted vibration on micro-hole drilling Ti-6Al-4V

As Ti-6Al-4V is a typical hard to machine material, especially in micro drilling aviation parts, chip breaking difficulty is of increasing interest to explore its further development. In this study, Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (LTUAD) was employed to machine Ti-6Al-4V, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing with Conventional Drilling (CD). By combining periodical characteristics and vibration models (the separated or the unseparated ultrasonic elliptical vibration), the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the intersection characteristics of trajectories were analyzed. And the intersection characteristics were divided into four categories: even periodicity, odd periodicity, non-odd and even periodicity and composite periodicity, indicating different capability for chip breaking. By applying the longitudinal-torsional compound vibration horn, the micro-hole drilling experiment was carried out on machining center. The chip morphology, the thrust force, and the burr height were discussed. Experimental results showed that the morphology of chips presented as smaller and more fragmentary ones in LTUAD compared with continuous helical conical ones and fold-shaped ones in CD. Compared with CD, the average values of the thrust force in LTUAD reduced by 1.98% to 24.9%. According to the burr around the hole exit in both LTUAD and CD, the height of the latter was greatly affected by the drilling parameters. And the burr around the exit of the hole were distributed rather evenly with smaller extension in LTUAD. Consequently, the LTUAD employed in micro-hole drilling was effective.     

激光增材制造钛合金构件的化学抛光工艺研究

采用HNO3-HF抛光液对激光选区熔化钛合金制件进行化学抛光,以试样表面粗糙度、减薄及失重变化为指标探究了抛光过程中不同温度和时间对钛合金增材制件抛光效果的影响。通过电化学测量、拉伸试验、残余应力测试等方法对比分析了化学抛光前后钛合金试样的电化学和力学性能。结果表明在温度30℃、反应时间10min下抛光钛合金可以取得较理想的抛光效果,试样表面粗糙度减小、耐腐蚀性能提高。化学抛光后钛合金的强度出现小幅下降,内部原有的残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力。