Underwater Glider Navigation in a Nonhomogenous Current

Methods of underwater glider navigation (Russian name - vesoplan) in a nonhomogenous current are proposed. Existing methods are described and problems of positioning of the vesoplan in a nonhomogenous current is stated. Use of method of dead-reckoning and its peculiarities are justified. Conclusion is made that, in this case, dead-reckoning is impossible without current field identification. Principles of current field identification and the algorithms based on them are described     

Observability of Relative Navigation Using Range-Only Measurements

A simulation tool is described which is capable of determining the observability of various fleet configurations and maneuvers in a relative navigation environment. The motion of the relative grid established by the navigation controller is explicitly modeled as a function of the errors in his dead-reckoning sensors. The simulation uses centralized, optimal processing of an extended Kalman filter. Results show observability on a good geometry, with some degradation in performance when dead-reckoning sensor errors change rapidly.     

Statistical estimation of navigation errors

An algorithm for estimating navigation system accuracy without the use of so-called ground truth data is presented. The estimates are expressed in terms of system covariance matrices and relative bias vectors; if one of the systems is a dead-reckoning (DR) or inertial system, the algorithm also estimates drift rate parameters. A summary of tests with US Navy ships backs up the results of Monte Carlo testing. The algorithm should also have applications outside the field of navigation     

Dynamics of the earth's ring current: Theory and observation

The development of currents within an arbitrary distribution of particles trapped in the geomagnetic field is described. These currents combine to form the earth's ring current and thus are responsible for the worldwide depressions of surface magnetic field strength during periods of magnetic activity known as magnetic storms. Following a brief review of trapped particle motion in magnetic fields, ring current development is described and presented in terms of basic field and particle distribution parameters. Experimental observations then are presented and discussed within the theoretical framework developed earlier. New results are presented which, in the area of composition and charge state observations, hold high promise in solving many long standing ring current problems. Finally, available experimental results will be used to assess our present understanding as to ring current sources, generation, and dissipation.     

动力翼伞系统空投风场的辨识与应用

风场对动力翼伞系统的运动状态有着重要的影响,获得风场中风的速度和方向可以使动力翼伞系统利用或者消除风场的影响。针对风场辨识问题,通过分析动力翼伞系统在风场作用下的飞行特性,提出了一种基于动力翼伞系统在风中的飞行状态进行风场辨识的方法。该方法仅使用动力翼伞系统配备的全球定位系统（GPS）模块采集定位数据,计算获得动力翼伞系统飞行的速度和方向,根据风场与动力翼伞系统的动态关系,利用最小二乘法对风场进行在线辨识。为了保证辨识精度,由GPS获得的动力翼伞系统运动信息经卡尔曼滤波器进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明：该方法对风场有较高的辨识效果,并能辅助实现雀降。     

智能方法在惯性系统误差参数辨识中的应用

总结了目前我国提高惯性系统导航精度的技术途径,阐述了国内外惯性系统误差参数辨识方法的研究现状,介绍了当前滤波算法、智能优化算法和人工神经网络方法在惯性系统导航领域的应用情况以及存在的不足。最后,分析了空间飞行器惯性系统误差参数辨识技术的未来研究方向,即智能优化算法和人工神经网络方法等智能方法将在惯性系统误差参数辨识中发挥越来越重要的作用,通过将误差系数标定问题转换为参数辨识问题,采用智能方法在庞大的解空间内实现对惯性系统误差参数的快速辨识。     

The Earth's ring current: Causes,generation, and decay

The development of currents due to arbitrary distributions of trapped particles in the geomagnetic field is described. These currents form the Earth's ring current and are responsible for world wide decreases of the surface magnetic field observed during magnetic storms. It is shown that we do not yet know the relative abundances of the ions forming the ring current. Because of this we do not understand how various sources mix to produce the ring current. Several possible generation mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the decay of the ring current is discussed and is shown to be due primarily to charge exchange with important secondary effects attributable to wave-particle interactions.     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

重力测量稳定平台控制系统设计与实现

介绍了重力测量惯性稳定平台的系统工作原理.设计了一种基于DSP加FPGA架构的嵌入式控制系统.详细描述了控制系统的功能划分以及硬件实现.提出了电流、速度和位置三环回路控制方案.车载测试结果显示稳定平台能实现地垂线跟踪,验证了所设计控制系统的有效性.     

An all-sky autonomous star map identification algorithm

The attitude of the spacecraft can be obtained with accuracy by using star sensors. Its key technology is how to identify stellar maps. Triangle algorithm is used most widely in the current star map identification algorithms. In the field of physical geography modelling, Delaunay triangulation cutting algorithm has been widely used because of its important characteristic; the result of this triangulation cutting method is unique from a random set of points. This triangulation algorithm is first applied to identify star map for its particular character. In final, the proposed method is applied to simulation; the results show that compared with the current star map identification algorithms, the algorithm presented in this paper has the advantage of real-time properties and robustness. It needs a smaller database of guidance stars and matches more rapidly.     

The high latitude heliospheric magnetic field

As the Ulysses spacecraft approaches its first pass under the south pole of the sun, it is an appropriate time to review our current knowledge and predictions regarding the three dimensional behaviour of the heliospheric magnetic field, in particular at high heliographic latitudes. Optical techniques for measuring the photospheric magnetic field and observations of coronal brightness structures provide indications of the behaviour of the source of the heliospheric field in the corona. As the coronal fields are carried out into the heliosphere by the solar wind, from Parker's model we would expect that the spiral field observed in the equatorial plane should gradually unwind with latitude leading to open, approximately radial, field lines over the polar regions. Predictions of departures from, and models extending this simple picture are discussed. Both the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft have spent brief periods in the regions above the maximum latitude of the heliospheric current sheet-relevant results from these missions are reviewed as well as results from the early stages of the out-of-ecliptic phase of the Ulysses mission. The configuration of the coronal magnetic field exhibits a strong dependence on the phase of the solar activity cycle. While the forthcoming Ulysses polar passes take place near to solar minimum, the different conditions which might be encountered on a second orbit of the sun at solar maximum are described.     

Median cascaded canceller for robust adaptive array processing

A median cascaded canceller (MCC) is introduced as a robust multichannel adaptive array processor. Compared with sample matrix inversion (SMI) methods, it is shown to significantly reduce the deleterious effects of impulsive noise spikes (outliers) on convergence performance of metrics; such as (normalized) output residue power and signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). For the case of no outliers, the MCC convergence performance remains commensurate with SMI methods for several practical interference scenarios. It is shown that the MCC offers natural protection against desired signal (target) cancellation when weight training data contains strong target components. In addition, results are shown for a high-fidelity, simulated, barrage jamming and nonhomogenous clutter environment. Here the MCC is used in a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) configuration for airborne radar interference mitigation. Results indicate the MCC produces a marked SINR performance improvement over SMI methods.     

Printed circuit board diagnosis using artificial neural networksand circuit magnetic fields

Testing of electronic systems using conventional testing methods has become more difficult and costly as these systems have become more complex and compact. Conventional testing methods and systems often require lengthy analysis to define testing strategies. These test systems may require lengthy test periods, complex stimulus and measurement instrumentation as well as complicated fixturing. The results are often ambiguous and require further interpretation. This paper presents an exploration of a “non-intrusive” test method based on interpreting changes in the magnetic field close to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Currents moving between devices on the PCB produce these magnetic fields. Changes of the PCB operational status due to faults cause changes in the associated magnetic field pattern that can be interpreted by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for fault identification. An apparatus to collect magnetic field measurements is described along with some problems of collecting data. Typical magnetic field patterns for “known-good” and faulted PCBs are presented. Possible extensions of the method are discussed. This paper resulted from internally funded work at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) concerning non-intrusive diagnostic techniques     

Large-scale electric field in the magnetosphere

A review is given on the distribution and origin of the large-scale electric field in the magnetosphere and its influence on the dynamical behavior of the magnetospheric plasma. Following a general discussion on the gross structure of the magnetosphere and its tail, two principal electric field systems are deduced from ground-based geomagnetic variations. One is responsible for the polar substorm, the DP 1 field, which is closely associated with the activation of the auroral electrojet. The other is responsible for the twin current vortices, the DP 2 field, and this represents the general convective system set up in the magnetospheric plasma.The origin of these magnetospheric electric fields is possibly resided in the domain of the solar wind interacting with the outer geomagnetic field. However, the mechanism, in which the energy is transferred, is still quite controversial. Several theories so far proposed are re-examined, and some modification of them are suggested to have a consistent understanding of these two types of electric fields. The effects of electric fields on magnetospheric plasma dynamics are described, such as the formation of the plasmapause, the acceleration and diffusion of energetic particles in the radiation belt.     

标识和追溯性管理在民用飞机项目中的应用

标识是追溯性管理的基础。从标识和追溯性的定义出发,介绍了民机设计和制造过程中标识要求的相关标准;结合民机制造和管理特点,介绍了民机标识内容的基本要求,民机标识方法的选用原则,并详细说明了民机常用的标识方法;针对民机系统目前所采用标识方法存在的问题,阐述了二维码技术在民机标识和追溯性管理中的应用优势。     

CFD可视化研究与进展

计算流体力学（ＣＦＤ）是可视化的重要应用领域,本文以ＣＦＤ可视化的研究内容、研究方式和研究模型为出发点,详细讨论了ＣＦＤ矢量场和张量场的各种显示技术,指出了ＣＦＤ可视化中多变量数据分析和特征可视化研究的现状及其发展趋势。从中可以看出ＣＦＤ是可视化中的一个非常重要而又极富挑战性的研究领域。     

A grid algorithm for autonomous star identification

An autonomous star identification algorithm is described that is simple and requires less computer resources than other such algorithms. In simulations using an 8/spl times/8 degree field of view (FOV), the algorithm identifies the correct section of sky on 99.7% of the sensor orientations where spatial accuracy of the imaged star is 1 pixel (56.25 arc seconds) in standard deviation and the apparent brightness deviates by 0.4 units stellar magnitude. This compares very favorably with other algorithms in the literature.     

基于拉线位移传感器的机器人标定应用研究

通过对拉线位移传感器在机器人标定领域国内外应用现状的研究,简略介绍了单线式一维和三线式三维测量系统,并提出一种单线复用三维测量系统模型。结合各测量系统的特点,提出相应的参数辨识算法。为了选取合适的标定校准点,以码垛机器人为例,分析了机器人工作空间中不同位置扰动误差对拉线测量值的影响。对机器人名义D-H参数和拉线测量值等制造模拟误差进行仿真标定。仿真结果表明,标定后定位精度提升90%,最后通过运动学标定试验进一步验证了标定方法的有效性,并指出仍需解决的若干问题。     

Synthesis and test issues for future aircraft inertial systemsintegration

A survey is presented of the potential benefits, possible pitfalls, and anticipated testing needs of integrating inertial guidance systems with systems dependent on the availability of the electromagnetic spectrum. Commonly referred to as integrated communications, navigation, and identification avionics (ICNIA), these systems of the future offer the combined potential for superb positioning and secure communications. The general characteristics (if current development trends continue) of the next-generation inertial navigation systems (INS) are briefly presented, followed by key modular and conceptual issues in the synthesis of this INS with systems dependent on the EM spectrum. Modular issues as considered here are those related to detailed implementation and resulting efficiency. Conceptual issues are those related to overall military strategy and resulting effectiveness. An example of modular systems integration is given, and a few preparations which can be anticipated for the field testing of integrated systems are presented, followed by concluding comments