多巴胺修饰法镀银玻璃微球的表征及其在导电硅橡胶中的应用

通过多巴胺修饰对玻璃微球的预处理和银的还原反应,批量制备了镀银玻璃微球(SiO_2/PDA/Ag),进行了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试。结果表明,镀银玻璃微球的银含量稳定,表面银层均匀、连续、致密。与国外进口镀银玻璃微球的SEM对比实验显示,镀银玻璃微球表面粗糙度更大,有利于达到逾渗效应。镀银玻璃微球在甲基乙烯基硅橡胶中的应用实验结果显示,镀银玻璃微球在经过混炼后银层保持完好,在硅橡胶中分散均匀且黏结紧密。使用镀银玻璃微球制备的导电硅橡胶的力学和电学性能显示,拉伸强度为2.54 MPa,扯断伸长率为122.3%,体积电阻及老化后电阻分别为3.9和9.0 mΩ·cm。     

单体引入方式对聚苯乙烯微球粒径分布的影响

利用分散聚合技术,采用单体滴加法合成了具有优良单分散性的3.8~7.1μm聚苯乙烯微球。研究了不同单体引入方式对所制备微球的形貌、粒径及粒径分布的影响。发现在最佳滴加速率下,单体滴加法所制备微球的分散系数均小于4.8%,单分散性远高于一次引入法所制备的微球。结合聚合反应动力学研究,阐明了单体滴加法的反应机理及滴加速率的影响规律。结果表明单体滴加法是制备高单分散性的3.8~7.1μm聚苯乙烯微球的有效方法。     

多巴胺表面改性反应时间对镀银玻璃微球及导电硅橡胶性能的影响

利用聚多巴胺(PDA)优异的黏结性能对镀银玻璃微球(SiO_2/Ag)进行表面改性,在不影响导电硅橡胶的导电性的前提下,提高导电硅橡胶的力学性能。结果表面,PDA改性能够提高SiO_2/Ag在硅橡胶中的分散性,控制反应时间能够实现PDA层厚度可控,从而实现导电硅橡胶导电性可控。改性反应时间为8 h时,SiO_2/Ag填充的导电硅橡胶的Payne效应,损耗角正切(tanδ),正硫化时间(T90),静态接触角达到最小,拉伸强度最大,电学性能符合应用标准。     

钴的晶体结构对镀钴空心玻璃微球电磁性能的影响

采用化学镀方法在空心玻璃微球表面复合磁性金属钴,制备了镀钴空心玻璃微球,并对其进行了真空退火热处理。经过化学镀的空心玻璃微球表面包覆了一层均匀、致密的金属镀层;镀钴空心玻璃微球(2.5g/cm3)镀层晶体结构对其电磁性能产生影响。当镀层Co含量为95%时,介电常数实部在11GHz处达到35,虚部在13GHz处达到22;在经过热处理后,镀层发生晶相转变,介电常数实部和虚部均得到提高。另外,热处理能降低钴镀层的矫顽力,改善其软磁性能。     

磁性高分子微球的制备及表征技术

在总结近年来国内外有关磁性高分子微球研究成果的基础上，对磁性高分子微球的四种制备方法，即共混包埋法、界面沉积法、活化溶胀法和单体聚合法的工艺过程及优缺点进行了概述。对磁性高分子微球的各项特征(如平均粒径、粒径分布、磁含量、磁响应性及耐酸碱性等)的表征方法进行了介绍。     

Ag/Ni/玻璃微珠填充硅橡胶性能

采用自制的导电填料Ag/Ni/玻璃微珠制备了导电硅橡胶,对其形貌进行了表征,对其导电性能、电磁屏蔽效能、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Ni的存在使Ag/Ni/玻璃微珠填充硅橡胶在低频的屏蔽效能有所增强,填充体积分数为56%时,导电硅橡胶导电性良好,10 kHz~6 GHz屏蔽效能达70.6~98.8 dB,力学性能良好。     

4A分子筛介孔球的制备及表征

以正己烷／十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）／正辛醇混合微乳液为反应体系,以硅酸钠和铝酸钠为反应原料,采用微乳法首次合成4A分子筛介孔球。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线粉末衍射（XRD）对所得产品的形貌、尺寸、结构进行了表征。结果表明,采用微乳法可以成功制得具有笼型结构的纳米4A分子筛介孔球,由约8nm的4A分子筛粒子沿表面活性剂所包裹的油水界面堆积而成,其直径大小约为40nm。     

大粒径聚苯乙烯微球的悬浮聚合反应历程研究

采用悬浮聚合方法制备了粒径约为100~120μm的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球。通过在聚合过程中逐步取样,并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及光学显微镜(OM)等手段研究了样品在不同聚合时期中的微观形貌、粒径及其分布的情况,讨论了悬浮聚合制备大粒径PS微球的反应历程。结果表明:大粒径PS微球的悬浮聚合过程主要经历3阶段:液—液分散期、粒子增长期和粒子恒定期,在特定的聚合时期,微球的生长方式和微观形貌有显著不同。在不同生长时期内通过对聚合反应条件的选择性调节,可实现对最终PS微球的形貌、粒径及其分布的有效控制。     

纳米石墨微片/聚丙烯酸酯导电压敏胶的制备研究

以纳米石墨微片(NanoG)为导电填料,聚丙烯酸酯为基体,采用溶液共混法制备了纳米石墨微片/聚丙烯酸酯导电压敏胶.扫描电镜( SEM)显示纳米石墨微片直径为1～10μm,厚度为20～80nm.红外光谱测试(FTIR)表明纳米石墨微片与聚丙烯酸酯之间形成了氢键,两者形成了均相的复合体系.透射电镜(TEM)揭示了纳米石墨微...     

聚苯胺中空微球的改性与电磁特性

 用分散聚合法制备单分散的聚苯乙烯（PS）微球,并用浓硫酸对PS微球进行表面改性。将改性后的PS微球作为制备聚苯胺（PANI）中空微球的模板,在一定浓度HCl掺杂条件下,苯胺单体在PS模板表面聚合,然后将PS模板通过N,N 二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解,得到了粒径在0.8~1.2 μm的PANI中空微球。若在PANI聚合过程中加入适量的Fe₃O₄,可获得由Fe₃O₄与PANI构成的复合中空微球。2~18 GHz的波导法测试结果表明,经HCl和Fe₃O₄掺杂后的复合中空微球与本征态PANI中空微球的电磁参数存在很大变化;吸波性能研究表明,8~12 GHz范围内,PANI中空微球的吸波效果要好于其实心微球的吸波效果。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。