Reso1型酚醛树脂热解特征的TG—MS研究

合成了一种低醛/酚摩尔比(1.3：1)的Resol型酚醛预聚物。利用TG-MS详细研究了热交联固化后树脂的热分解特征。低于350℃时，主要表现为分子内醚键断裂和脱端羟甲基，并逸出H20、CO2和CH30H等产物及它们的碎片。在350℃—750℃范围内，大分子主链在不同位置发生主链断裂而形成一甲基苯酚、二甲基苯酚和三甲基苯酚等产物及它们的碎片。说明了大分子主链热稳定性的提高是减少和防止Resol型酚醛树脂前驱体C／C复合材料缺陷的重要组成部分。     

Resol型酚醛树脂热解特征的TG-MS 研究

合成了一种低醛 /酚摩尔比 (1.3∶1)的Resol型酚醛预聚物。利用TG -MS详细研究了热交联固化后树脂的热分解特征。低于 35 0℃时 ,主要表现为分子内醚键断裂和脱端羟甲基 ,并逸出H2 O、CO2 和CH3 OH等产物及它们的碎片。在 35 0℃～ 75 0℃范围内 ,大分子主链在不同位置发生主链断裂而形成一甲基苯酚、二甲基苯酚和三甲基苯酚等产物及它们的碎片。说明了大分子主链热稳定性的提高是减少和防止Resol型酚醛树脂前驱体C/C复合材料缺陷的重要组成部分     

酚醛树脂基蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能与增强增韧机理

利用三种蒙脱土(即S-MMT,TG-2,OLS,统称MMT)和一种短切纤维(Short-cutGlassFiber,简记为SGF),分别与酚醛树脂熔融混合,制得酚醛树脂基复合材料。通过缺口冲击实验和弯曲实验,对这些复合材料的力学性能和增强增韧机理进行了研究,取得了一些有规律性的结果。PF/NBR/SGF复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量都随SGF含量的增加而增大;PF/NBR基蒙脱土纳米复合材料的缺口冲击强度随纳米材料(即S-MMT,TG-2和OLS)含量的增加而增大,在含量为5份时达到最大值;弯曲强度和弯曲模量也随纳米材料含量的增加而增大,在含量为9份时达到最大值。其次,所有PF/NBR基复合材料的缺口冲击强度均在60℃取得最大值,PF/NBR/OLS,PF/NBR/TG-2,PF/NBR/S-MMT等三种纳米复合材料的力学性能与体系中蒙脱土的层间距密切相关。层间距越大,力学性能越好。最后,探讨了纳米蒙脱土增强增韧PF/NBR体系的机理,指出聚合物体系中的蒙脱土具有两种效应,并建立了模型。     

新型高残碳酚醛树脂的性能研究

采用热重和高效液相色谱法对高残碳酚醛树脂的性能进行分析。结果表明，与其它酚醛树脂相比，此树脂具有较高的热分解温度和表观活化能，700℃残碳率大于75％，热性能和耐烧蚀性能优于传统烧蚀酚醛树脂，是良好的耐热、耐烧蚀基体材料；用高效液相色谱(HPLC)初步探讨了树脂的反应机理，得出大分子量组成含量随聚合度变化，应作为树脂质量控制的指标之一。     

黏胶丝基碳布增强C/C复合材料研究

采用黏胶丝基碳布进行了二维层板C/C复合材料研究。和PAN基碳布进行对比,分别从碳纤维微观结构、表面形貌、碳布物理性能、树脂基复合材料炭化过程残余热应力模拟、C/C复合材料力学和热物理性能表征等方面进行了对比分析和研究。结果表明,2 200℃处理的黏胶丝基碳纤维是非石墨化结构;纤维横断面呈腰子形,碳布纬向纱弯曲。黏胶丝基碳纤维的密度仅1．39 g/cm~3;拉伸模量很低,约50 GPa。炭化过程研究表明,黏胶丝基碳纤维轴向具有持续的正的线膨胀行为,在炭化初期与酚醛树脂的膨胀行为相一致;黏胶丝基碳布增强树脂基材料在800℃的面内自由热应变是PAN基材料的1/8;模拟的炭化过程热应力是PAN基材料的1/60。黏胶丝基C/C层板材料的层剪强度高于PAN基C/C复合材料,达到16．2 MPa;其拉伸强度为46．6 MPa,弯曲强度高达95．5 MPa,拉伸模量与弯曲模量基本一致,约10 GPa。黏胶丝基C/C复合材料在800℃的热导率是6．48 W/(m·K),与PAN基C/C复合材料非常接近;在800℃的线膨胀系数是2．18×10~(-6)/ K,远高于PAN基C/C复合材料的-0．387×10~(-6)/K。总之,黏胶丝基碳纤维由于其表粗糙度大、碳布纬向纱弯曲、极低的拉伸模量、正的轴向线膨胀系数,因而C/C复合材料层剪强度高,成型工艺中热应力低,较PAN基碳纤维更适合于研制不分层的二维C/C复合材料。     

碳化温度对C/C复合材料微观结构及热性能的影响

采用CVI PIC工艺制备了四种碳毡增强碳基复合材料(C/C), 其中对三种样品A、B、C在2 500℃进行了一次石墨化处理,样品D未进行石墨化处理。为与900℃碳化对比,研究了1 500℃碳化对复合材料微观结构及热性能的影响。结果表明:碳化温度由900℃提高到1 500℃后,样品A的开孔率下降11. 6% ~13. 5%, 1 000℃的xy向线膨胀系数由1. 75×10-6 /K增大到2. 17×10-6 /K; xy向和z向的800℃热导率分别由65. 07W/(m·K)、45. 98W/(m·K)增大到75. 44W/(m·K)、54. 86W/(m·K);xy向和z向的比热容分别由1. 70kJ/(kg·K)、1. 43kJ/(kg·K)增大到1. 79kJ/(kg·K)、2. 19kJ/(kg·K)。样品B和样品C也表现出基本相同的趋势;随着碳化温度由900℃提高到1 500℃,样品D中微晶尺寸由2nm增大到4nm。     

多炔基加成固化型高残碳酚醛树脂的制备与性能

以碱为催化剂,通过问乙炔基苯基重氮硫酸盐和酚醛树脂间的偶合反应,制备了间乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂(EPAN).树脂的固化由乙炔基的热加成反应实现,无需外加固化剂.该树脂具有固化反应活性高,耐热性好,残碳率高的特点.为了进一步改善该树脂的工艺性,合成了炔丙基基团官能化的乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂(PEPAN),研究了该树脂的工艺性、固化行为以及热性能.研究结果表明,与EPAN相比,树脂的工艺性得到进一步提高,加工窗口明显变宽,树脂固化物的耐热性明显提高,其5%失重温度(Td5)约为432℃,800℃残碳率约为74%.     

玄武岩纤维/ 酚醛树脂复合材料界面结合机理

分别用浓度为0.8wt%和1.0wt%的KH550硅烷偶联剂处理玄武岩纤维布,并制作成玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂(PF-BFRP)。经过力学检测和SEM的分析结果表明:0.8wt%组复合材料力学性能略高于1.0%组,且该组纤维表面的树脂附着层较厚且分布均匀,单根纤维表面的树脂附着量较多。根据FTIR结果的分析,推测出复合界面新形成的化学键为C—N—C和C—O—Si。树脂中苯酚与纤维表面的氨基、硅醇基分别形成了C—N—C键、C—O—Si键。XPS测试证实了0.8wt%组C—O—Si键的峰面积比大于1.0wt%组,说明0.8wt%组复合材料具有更好的界面性能。     

热处理对C/ SiC 复合材料拉伸性能的影响

对等温化学气相渗透法(ICVI)制备的C/SiC复合材料进行热处理,利用声发射(AE)技术对热处理前后C/SiC试样拉伸过程声发射累积能量进行分析,通过SEM进行微结构观察。结果表明:界面层较薄的C/SiC试样经1 500℃热处理后拉伸强度与初始强度相近,经1 700和1 900℃热处理后拉伸强度显著提高,其断裂应变随着热处理温度升高而大幅提高,弹性模量却呈现下降趋势;界面层较厚的C/SiC试样经1 500和1 700℃热处理后拉伸强度变化不大,断裂应变显著提高,弹性模量逐渐降低,经1 900℃热处理后拉伸强度和断裂应变开始下降,而弹性模量变化较小。热处理可以显著提高C/SiC的韧性,在拉伸过程中的断裂功和声发射累积能量均显著增加。界面层较薄的C/SiC断裂模式从脆性逐渐向韧性转变,而界面层较厚的C/SiC热处理后韧性进一步提高。     

轻质隔热纳米孔结构耐烧蚀酚醛材料

在一定温度下,通过改性剂组分与热固性钡酚醛树脂之间热共聚反应,制备了改性酚醛树脂。采
用模压工艺制备出具有目标尺寸和形状的改性酚醛树脂固化物,对该样品分别进行了400 和700℃的炭化处
理,得到了相应的酚醛炭化样品,并测试其密度、失重率、收缩率等特征参数。研究改性剂用量对碳化物特征参
数和性能的影响,如密度、失重率形貌、比表面积、隔热性能、压缩强度等。SEM 研究表明,700℃炭化后样品形
成了“珊瑚状”碳结构,形成了30 ~150 nm 纳米孔。比表面积测试(BET)结果表明其比表面积可达464 m2 / g。
隔热性能与力学性能的测试结果表明,相对于未改性酚醛树脂碳化物,改性酚醛碳化物的热导率降低了
45． 57%,并且保持了较好的压缩强度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.